Hydrocarbons are commoni goaia3 tl xye(,;0j+ly used as fuels.
1.1.Define average bond enthalpy.
1.2.Write a balanced chemical equation for the complete combustion of propene ($CH_4CHCH_2$).
2.Using section 11 (Section 12- 2025 Syllabus) of the data booklet, calculate the enthalpy of combustion for propene.
ΔH=-  kJ mol$^{-1}$
Important note: The section numbers mentioned in the video solution are specific to the 2024 syllabus.
You can refer to the question stem to find the section numbers for the 2025 syllabus.

  Which of the following is correcdom,bmk+4nyd/ afu)+ n,p6qm t for crude oil?

1.Write balanced chemical9d d0wkwq;y f+ equations for the reactions below:

1.1.Combustion of decane in excess of oxygen.
1.2.Combustion of butane in a limited supply of oxygen.
1.3.Complete combustion of ethanol.

2.Specify the test and its result to identify the presence of a double bond in ethene ($C_2H_4$). Support your answer with a balanced chemical equation.

3.Write an equation to show the polymerization of ethene and write the name of the polymer.

  What is the correct order of specific energy from highest tfq 0ley i +ehpp*cftbl6 ,qf7, )mv53ao lowest for methane, hydrogen gas, ethanol, and butanem ip*5fq0lqh y6v 37cae,p+l ft)fe,b?
Use the enthalpies of combustion in Table 14 of the data booklet.

  For the combustion of magnesium, which of the following are correco dlovov+/5e d 4rt)qw;a wffku 392o/t for the productsoqvw;5/f elo9t +3od 2 vfw)r4kado/u and enthalpy of reaction?
Mg(s)+$O_2$(g)→? ΔH?

  What is the sum of the coefficient ygfh -7+wqg:2zlqs4p s in the balanced equation for the combustion of silver metal to form sof7gw4 +yqp-s: 2 lzghqlid silver oxide?

  Which of the following correctly states the products for the combustion of butane under conditions where there is very little oxygen?

  Ethanol in biofuel is produced through which of the following methods?

  Which of the following correctly dowmqiqr9- fm8r mh22 8epicts the product(s) at the cathode and the direction of electron flow qmhm-i2wr89 2 mfo8qr in an electrochemical fuel cell?

  For an electrochemical fuel cell in acidic conditso .9-f2kjpmj ions using methanol as the fuel source, which of the following correctly describes the balanced reactions occpo9.s2 jfkj-m urring at the anode and at the cathode?

  How many electrons are transfemu:ke6hd * q; *wn9t,f/x oqf9kd1n uxrred in the balanced equation in a hydrogen fuel cell under acidic con9n 6f mquow*/kqu*: d;9fnet k1d xxh,ditions?

Overall reaction:2$H_2$(g)+$O_2$(g)→2$H_2O$(l)

  Which type of fuel is most likely to undergo i wgxr8b2g. t :vs4x.jencomplete combustion?

  Energy sources can be designated as either renewable or non-renewable, with x kv)1ka 0shk2efficiency calculated based on the amount of energy that can be kshka2)1k 0vxproduced when combusting a certain amount of fuel.

1.State the balanced chemical equation, with state symbols, for the complete combustion of ethanol $C_2H_5OH$ as a component of biofuel.

2.Calculate the amount of heat energy in kJ released for the combustion of ethanol if 10.0dm$^3$ of $CO_2$ is produced at STP using Sections 2 and 14 of the data booklet. It=  kJ

3.Natural gas is a common fuel with a 70−90% methane composition. Assuming that a sample of natural gas is 70% methane, and using Sections 2 and 14 of the data booklet, calculate the volume of natural gas at STP that would be required to produce the same amount of heat energy as calculated for ethanol in (b).
If no answer was determined for (b), use 405 kJ for this question.
volume =  dm$^3$ natural gas
4.Using Sections 7 and 14 of the data booklet and a calculation to support your answer, state which fuel,  ----待选择----ethanol methane  has a higher specific energy.

5.State whether natural gas is renewable or non-renewable and describe one advantage and one disadvantage to its use.