Hydrocarbons are commonly used as fuels.3 ls1syig * tbaa 68lajd+1ae:
1.1.Define average bond enthalpy.
1.2.Write a balanced chemical equation for the complete combustion of propene ($CH_4CHCH_2$).
2.Using section 11 (Section 12- 2025 Syllabus) of the data booklet, calculate the enthalpy of combustion for propene.
ΔH=-  kJ mol$^{-1}$
Important note: The section numbers mentioned in the video solution are specific to the 2024 syllabus.
You can refer to the question stem to find the section numbers for the 2025 syllabus.

  Which of the following is coq0ac crud3 7j8rrect for crude oil?

1.Write balanced chemical equations for t oa,-;d1de7lc x09zutpl u6cshe reactions below:

1.1.Combustion of decane in excess of oxygen.
1.2.Combustion of butane in a limited supply of oxygen.
1.3.Complete combustion of ethanol.

2.Specify the test and its result to identify the presence of a double bond in ethene ($C_2H_4$). Support your answer with a balanced chemical equation.

3.Write an equation to show the polymerization of ethene and write the name of the polymer.

  What is the correct order of speciff*lqr 6g 2rlt+ic energy from highest to lowest for methane, hydrogen gas, ethgqt+6* rl2lfr anol, and butane?
Use the enthalpies of combustion in Table 14 of the data booklet.

  For the combustion of maa 69h+pb/zodor8 nt2fow i 7r1gnesium, which of the following are correct for the products and ent/b1r z pioor9 t+6fwa27onhd8 halpy of reaction?
Mg(s)+$O_2$(g)→? ΔH?

  What is the sum of the coefficients in the balanced equati9netgn-3;y deqex mrpzv7d29x,mm3e0e 94 w m on for the combustion of silver metal to form sn,mee-v;pq497ex wm0 enred3m3 mx9g2t 9 y dzolid silver oxide?

  Which of the following correctly states the products for the combustion of butane under conditions where there is very little oxygen?

  Ethanol in biofuel is produced through which of the following methods?

  Which of the following correctly depicts the product(s) at the cathodwc*zy5 gqt(./s r xi,q2otfb,qt. e)ue and the direction of electron flow in an electrochemical fuel ceq z.q g t2)s,tyrw5 (*o., ftqcebx/iull?

  For an electrochemical fuel cell indx r6w03 a v c7kj0h(((ouhh wv-ckpv; acidic conditions using methanol as the fuel source, which of the following correctly describes thdh3hv(w;po j( kva-0wu h7k60r (cvx ce balanced reactions occurring at the anode and at the cathode?

  How many electrons are transferred in the bal e6xr0qr 6j;nmii 1az/anced equation in a hydrogen fuel cell under acidic conditionaeji1 z60q6r/mirx; ns?

Overall reaction:2$H_2$(g)+$O_2$(g)→2$H_2O$(l)

  Which type of fuel is most likely to undergo incomplete combust ke/e9vn) mnkkpgir2+3ey,/x2 wy (p nfpr)h, ion?

  Energy sources can be designated as either renewable or non-renewable,r qpphe4+3dy 4jma)i/ with efficiency calculatep/miy44de h )p3qarj+d based on the amount of energy that can be produced when combusting a certain amount of fuel.

1.State the balanced chemical equation, with state symbols, for the complete combustion of ethanol $C_2H_5OH$ as a component of biofuel.

2.Calculate the amount of heat energy in kJ released for the combustion of ethanol if 10.0dm$^3$ of $CO_2$ is produced at STP using Sections 2 and 14 of the data booklet. It=  kJ

3.Natural gas is a common fuel with a 70−90% methane composition. Assuming that a sample of natural gas is 70% methane, and using Sections 2 and 14 of the data booklet, calculate the volume of natural gas at STP that would be required to produce the same amount of heat energy as calculated for ethanol in (b).
If no answer was determined for (b), use 405 kJ for this question.
volume =  dm$^3$ natural gas
4.Using Sections 7 and 14 of the data booklet and a calculation to support your answer, state which fuel,  ----待选择----ethanol methane  has a higher specific energy.

5.State whether natural gas is renewable or non-renewable and describe one advantage and one disadvantage to its use.