A voltmeter reading is recordg3* ke,wqz4xr ed as 100.0 V +/- 2%. Which of the following could be the actual valkqew*r,x 4 zg3ue?

I.98.0V
II.97.2V
III.101.3V

  A student recorded the volume o +kd3px83wh pjf a gas as 0.04056m$^3$. How many significant figures does the recorded value have?

  Which of the below features must be ince7x8m9qc4*3 kxvy 5w 4r vd qnf-ty6etluded in a sketched graph?

I.Labelled axes
II.Scaled axes
III.Plotted points

  For the graph below, state the appropriate unit+l6b wzoh, +mys for the y-intercept.

  Which statement best descexv 9+h55nxij ribes the relationship between x and y on the graph belowhi5vx j e9n5+x?

For a first order reaction, the relationship between rate and th3 j)a/uqu lb*xxgi2 9pe concentration of a reactant, [A], can be shown using the following equation: rate =k[A]. g)2/j*pu 9lxqxubi3a
The data below gives the rate information for the first order reaction that proceeds in the thermal decomposition of reactant A.



1.On the axes above, draw a graph based on the provided data.
2.The effect of time on the concentration of reactant B for a zero-order reaction was plotted on the graph below.

(i)Draw a line of best fit on the graph above.
2.Describe the relationship between time and concentration.

  Which of the below gives *iwuod7ybq;*3qz9 9d mwk b,gthe correct units for the gradient of this line?

  A student is measuring the temperature change of an endothermid)a0w; +o 9ey-bmnt7grhk/rmc reaction.
Calculate the temperature change and identify the corresponding error.



Temperature decrease:  $^{\circ}C$$\pm$  $^{\circ}C$

  The relationship bet20(tf1 gat9y v8 c9rdjslbnq*3)ho uzween pressure and temperature of a known volume and amount of gas can be described using Gay-Lussac’s law which states that pressure is directly proportional to temperature.P∝T0zs9tct) rg1huya( b q*onlj89d32 fv
Where P is pressure in Pa, and T is temperature in K.




1.On the axes above, sketch the graph of P∝T.

2.State two features that would need to be added to your sketched graph to turn it into a drawn graph.

3.The proportionality can be shown in an equation by incorporating a constant, k. The equation becomes P=kT, and follows the format of the equation of a straight line.

3.1.State the feature of a straight line that k represents in this context.
The feature is   .
3.2.Deduce the y-intercept of the straight line.
it is   (Pa).

  What is the value for th7ez54k4 m;kui; b *dpx6iivyl e gradient of the graph below with the correct units?

  A given mass of magnesium was added to 500cm$^3$ of aqueous hydrochloric acid in a Styrofoam cup to form magnesium chloride. The temperature at the start was 18$^{\circ}C$ and and after the magnesium had dissolved, the temperature rose to 20$^{\circ}C$.
1.State a balanced chemical equation for this reaction.
2.Given that the change in enthalpy,ΔH is 0.185kJ and the specific heat capacity of water is 4.18J g$^{-1}$K$^{-1}$,calculate the mass of magnesium added to the hydrochloric acid.
m=  g
3.Determine the systematic errors caused by the use of styrofoam cups.

Solid sodium carbonate reacts with excess nitric acid of 0.1 mol dm$^{-1}$ as shown in the equation below:
$Na_2CO_3$(s)+2$HNO_3$(aq) → $H_2O$(l) +$CO_2$(g)+2$NaNO_3$(aq)
1.State a method to measure the rate of reaction other than measuring the volume of gas collected.
2.1.Sketch a graph to show the volume of gas produced over time.
2.2.Explain the shape of your graph using the collision theory.


3.On the same graph as in part(bi), sketch another line to show the volume of gas collected over time at a concentration of 0.05 molcdm$^{-3}$ of nitric acid and label it as X.


4.Suggest and describe a factor other than the concentration that can affect the rate of the above reaction.

  Which statement best describes the relationship betweetqr*58l,ut3 oao, woyrym i:*n the rate and H$^+$ oncentration, in a graph with the equation: rate =k[H$^+$]$^2$?

  In a first order reacti-wfk *).u18:o cpya5uf7h mbxnc4v mton, the concentration [A] of a given reactant can be determined at time t, according to the - um cfbfm:4nha 5 1y.t*o7)xcwukp8vequation below, where [A]$_o$ is the initial concentration of A and k is the rate constant.
ln[A]=-kt+ln[A]$_o$

  The enthalpy of neutralization 4ywq0x;fprhjal,ky md*gz 9,:,s -df for the reaction between sulfuric acid and potassium hydroxide can be ql4m:,y,wp g0j r;ddf,k yaszh-9xf *determined experimentally.
$H_2SO_4$(aq)+2KOH(aq)→$K_2SO_4$(aq)+2$H_2O$(l)
A student recorded the temperature of 20.0cm$^3$ of 0.500 mold m$^{-3}$
sulfuric acid every minute. At four minutes,25.0cm$^3$KOH(aq) is added to the solution, stirred immediately, and temperature recorded for another four minutes. The results are represented in the graph below.

1.Calculate the lowest concentration of aqueous KOH that must be used to ensure it is in excess.
C$_{KOH}$=  mold m$^{-3}$
2.Use the graph above to estimate a value for the maximum temperature change,ΔT.
ΔT=  $^{\circ}$
3.State one assumption you made in part (b).
4.Identify the anomalous result and suggest a possible type and source of error.
5.In another experiment with the same reactants, the student measured the initial and final temperatures and presented their results below:
Initial Temperature ($^{\circ}$C $\pm$$^{\circ}$C) 24.8 25.1 24.9
Final Temperature($^{\circ}$C $\pm$$^{\circ}$C) 26.4 26.6 26.4
1.Calculate the average change in temperature (ΔT)giving its percentage uncertainty.
Average=  $^{\circ}$C; Absolute uncertainty=$\pm$  $^{\circ}$C; Percentage uncertainty=  %
2.Use sections 1 and 2 of the data booklet to calculate the energy released and its uncertainty. You may assume that the only source of uncertainty is from the temperature change.
Energy released (q)=  J;Uncertainty=$\pm$  J

  Determine the type of variable and correct axis for ΔH in a graph to show z)6iz (-kz4nwnf 9cs2wz6u aa5t ov9lhow ΔH is affected by the length of the carbonwn92t 9f-a v z(u54)lwo6nz ikca6zsz chain.

  The initial mass of a mortar containing a solid was recorded to be 107vswl bs b9r6y:rd359rz d7 zo9.34 g. The mortar was heated, and ths9s l zv79b rr3bydzdow67r:5e final mass was recorded to be 81.92 g. What value should be recorded for the mass lost in grams?

  The half-life of a second order reaction can be expresse y +cw.8clkjb d2amr12ad*wn /d according to the equation be wy +8*1 /na2d.a2bkmwdlc cjrlow.
t$^{$\frac{1}{2}$}$=$\frac{1}{k[A]_0}$
Where t$^{\frac{1}{2}}$ =half-life,[$[A]_0$]= initial concentration of reactant A,and k is a constant.
Which two variables plotted against each other would produce a straight line?
I.t$^{\frac{1}{2}}$ VS $\frac{1}{k}$
II.t$^{\frac{1}{2}}$ VS $[A]_0$
III.t$^{$\frac{1}{2}$}$ VS $\frac{1}{[A]_0}$

  A piece of sodium metal has a mass of 13.02 g and a volume ofo6e qg z.gyh1r8/l8icq s,28k4lb vlc 13.4 cm$^3$. What is the most precise density that can be reported?

1.State the complete balanced equation for the reac *1tjzjf+f c73rq2 ,dynxyivr+3w*fution between sulphuric acid and copper (u2,j* ycfi tjfr+*nq7 rd3wfvy3x1z+II) oxide.
2.State the complete balanced equation for the reaction between ethanoic acid and potassium carbonate.
3.Outline two ways to monitor the rate of reaction for reaction (b) above.

  The relationship between energy, E, and wavelength, λ, is shown according advv2+b fg ,6uto the equation 6+ bfd2g avu,vbelow.
E=$\frac{hc}{λ}$

Which of the below statements are correct for the graph below representing E=$\frac{hc}{λ}$?
I.Energy and wavelength are directly proportional
II.The units for the gradient are J m$^{-1}$
III.The y-intercept has the units J

  The feasibility of a reactio:;v.8g: fv5ar 3fr zvt)ub b-ntlzc-q/ drkn9n proceeding spontaneously can be predicted using the following equalf;9u85b:-vdbv zkcrn .3rqt r) :vtfgz/na- tion:
ΔG=−TΔS+ΔH.
Where ΔG is the change in Gibb’s free energy, ΔS is the change in entropy, and ΔH is the change in enthalpy.




1.When ΔG<0, a reaction can be described as spontaneous. Use the graph above to deduce the lowest temperature at Read graph at which the reaction becomes spontaneous.
Read graph at ΔG=0,  K.
2.Calculate the gradient of the line and state its units.
3.Use your answer to part (b) to deduce the value and correct units for ΔS.
ΔS=  kJ mol$^{-1}$K$^{-1}$
4.Use the graph to determine the value for ΔG when the temperature is raised to 675K.
5.Calculate a value for y-intercept and state the correct units.
Substitution of (x,y) values and slope into equation with correct evaluation=  .(c=)

  The potential of a cell under non-standard conditions can be ca:rzvkd1uoh*6 es14 q l7luyn(lculated using th1 l6 uey4*ld1noush:rq zv7 (ke Nernst equation:
E=E$^θ$=$\frac{RT}{nF}$ln$_Q$
For the graph below, which components of the equation represent the gradient and the y-intercept?

  The relationship between the concentration of a 9o8ug scp y4s 5skmz6,reactant, A, and the time, for a sckgs98z s 6,5s umpyo4econd-order reaction can be expressed using the equation below:
$\frac{1}{[A]}$=kt+$\frac{1}{[A]_o}$
Where [A] is the concentration of reactant A,$[A]_o$,is the initial concentration of reactant A,t is the time in seconds, and k is a constant.

1.Calculate the gradient of the line and state the correct units.
2.Use the graph to determine $[A]_o$ (also known as the initial concentration of A)
$[A]_o$=  mol dm$^{-3}$
3.Determine the time at which the concentration of A is equal to an eighth of its initial concentration.
(If you were unable to complete parts (a), and (b), you may use k=0.02, and $A_o$=42)
[A]=  mold m$^{-3}$;Substitute and rearrange:  seconds

  Which of the below gives the correct averagwft *p z1dqn 05tokn3(xl7r 8pe titre with its uncertainty?
Initial volume $\pm $0.05 c m$^{3}$ 0.00 23.15 0.00
Final volume $\pm $0.05 c m$^{3}$ 23.15 46.25 23.20

  The length of a thread was2ux *im:u+ anf being measured using a 50 cm wooden ruler with a 1 mm increment. The reading for the begiu*+mxf aun: 2inning of the thread was 12.6 cm while the reading for the end of the thread was 45.3 cm. Which of the following is the largest possible length of the thread?

  The ideal gas equation allows presk. t9 k/0fxkp-p kd;sasure to be calculated according to the equatioaxk0 f kpsd.k9- /kt;pn,
P=$\frac{nRT}{V}$.
This allows a straight line to be drawn for the effect of $\frac{1}{V}$ on P.

For the sketched graph above, which components of the equation P=$\frac{nRT}{V}$,relate to the gradient and
y-intercept of the straight line?

  A student recorded the mass of solid NaCl as 1200 g. Which of th7x3oqwpu ).spkh z0o+ e following is correct about the .z+k0)h opu7w xoqp s3number of significant figures recorded?

  2.00 ± 0.02 g $NaClO_3$ were dissolved in 2.0 ± 0.5 dm$^3$ distilled water.

Which row gives the correct concentration in gd m$^{-3}$ and relative uncertainty?

  A student is measuring the 7 c ak*av46yegdensity of a solution. He recorded the data in the foa*a6y7k ev4 cgllowing table.

1.Write the expression of the average density of the solution in a fraction form (make sure to include the absolute uncertainties for each physical quantity).
2.Calculate its corresponding uncertainty. Show your work clearly.
   $\pm$    %