A voltmeter reading is recorded as 100.0 V +/- 2%.:fy-,v+pk,5yl8 l h sc1agbra Which of the following could be the actual valuec,lsyf rayb:hap -5v18kgl +, ?

I.98.0V
II.97.2V
III.101.3V

  A student recorded the vo3(r2x+iymeufcx 0xtk0p g3a ,lume of a gas as 0.04056m$^3$. How many significant figures does the recorded value have?

  Which of the below features must be included in a szrh4/.u icp0dketched graph?

I.Labelled axes
II.Scaled axes
III.Plotted points

  For the graph below, sp8nlo 8tdn65mlw+sp. /x d2hq2 c.yc wtate the appropriate units for the y-intercept.

  Which statement best describes the relationship between x and 1ld7o v.esf+o y on the graph below?fvs 7.deloo1+

For a first order reaction, t5ds3ou sgj abge 40brt 8,n9x+r20lafhe relationship between rate and the concentration of a reactant, [A], can be shown using the following equation:3lu40n,ad 5sg89 +xbgfjrs2 earbo 0t rate =k[A].
The data below gives the rate information for the first order reaction that proceeds in the thermal decomposition of reactant A.



1.On the axes above, draw a graph based on the provided data.
2.The effect of time on the concentration of reactant B for a zero-order reaction was plotted on the graph below.

(i)Draw a line of best fit on the graph above.
2.Describe the relationship between time and concentration.

  Which of the below gives the correct units for the gradientrq vofe37obb9b,u)5f of this line?

  A student is measuring thbt-i9 5v, k)nql bu:mye temperature change of an endothermic reaction.
Calculate the temperature change and identify the corresponding error.



Temperature decrease:  $^{\circ}C$$\pm$  $^{\circ}C$

  The relationship between pressure and 6/4xk8qde jg:r3 rv) dffbf 0wtemperature of a known volume and amount of gas can be described using Gay-Lussac’s law which states that prvxj3f6r e/ k8d)0b: dgfr4wq fessure is directly proportional to temperature.P∝T
Where P is pressure in Pa, and T is temperature in K.




1.On the axes above, sketch the graph of P∝T.

2.State two features that would need to be added to your sketched graph to turn it into a drawn graph.

3.The proportionality can be shown in an equation by incorporating a constant, k. The equation becomes P=kT, and follows the format of the equation of a straight line.

3.1.State the feature of a straight line that k represents in this context.
The feature is   .
3.2.Deduce the y-intercept of the straight line.
it is   (Pa).

  What is the value for the gradient of the graph b3sgnca* mc0wn7 *l. peelow with the correct units?

  A given mass of magnesium was added to 500cm$^3$ of aqueous hydrochloric acid in a Styrofoam cup to form magnesium chloride. The temperature at the start was 18$^{\circ}C$ and and after the magnesium had dissolved, the temperature rose to 20$^{\circ}C$.
1.State a balanced chemical equation for this reaction.
2.Given that the change in enthalpy,ΔH is 0.185kJ and the specific heat capacity of water is 4.18J g$^{-1}$K$^{-1}$,calculate the mass of magnesium added to the hydrochloric acid.
m=  g
3.Determine the systematic errors caused by the use of styrofoam cups.

Solid sodium carbonate reacts with excess nitric acid of 0.1 mol dm$^{-1}$ as shown in the equation below:
$Na_2CO_3$(s)+2$HNO_3$(aq) → $H_2O$(l) +$CO_2$(g)+2$NaNO_3$(aq)
1.State a method to measure the rate of reaction other than measuring the volume of gas collected.
2.1.Sketch a graph to show the volume of gas produced over time.
2.2.Explain the shape of your graph using the collision theory.


3.On the same graph as in part(bi), sketch another line to show the volume of gas collected over time at a concentration of 0.05 molcdm$^{-3}$ of nitric acid and label it as X.


4.Suggest and describe a factor other than the concentration that can affect the rate of the above reaction.

  Which statement best describes the relationship between the r )lvtq*x (tuw5ate and H$^+$ oncentration, in a graph with the equation: rate =k[H$^+$]$^2$?

  In a first order reaction, the concentrati(csfcvd4, y5i qmv. d.on [A] of a given reactant can be determined at time t, according to the equation below, where 5svcfi.m,(4d v .dycq[A]$_o$ is the initial concentration of A and k is the rate constant.
ln[A]=-kt+ln[A]$_o$

  The enthalpy of neutr2(rnyqc3p0c qalization for the reaction between sulfuric acid and potassium hydroxide can be determined experimentally. yprccq03nq( 2
$H_2SO_4$(aq)+2KOH(aq)→$K_2SO_4$(aq)+2$H_2O$(l)
A student recorded the temperature of 20.0cm$^3$ of 0.500 mold m$^{-3}$
sulfuric acid every minute. At four minutes,25.0cm$^3$KOH(aq) is added to the solution, stirred immediately, and temperature recorded for another four minutes. The results are represented in the graph below.

1.Calculate the lowest concentration of aqueous KOH that must be used to ensure it is in excess.
C$_{KOH}$=  mold m$^{-3}$
2.Use the graph above to estimate a value for the maximum temperature change,ΔT.
ΔT=  $^{\circ}$
3.State one assumption you made in part (b).
4.Identify the anomalous result and suggest a possible type and source of error.
5.In another experiment with the same reactants, the student measured the initial and final temperatures and presented their results below:
Initial Temperature ($^{\circ}$C $\pm$$^{\circ}$C) 24.8 25.1 24.9
Final Temperature($^{\circ}$C $\pm$$^{\circ}$C) 26.4 26.6 26.4
1.Calculate the average change in temperature (ΔT)giving its percentage uncertainty.
Average=  $^{\circ}$C; Absolute uncertainty=$\pm$  $^{\circ}$C; Percentage uncertainty=  %
2.Use sections 1 and 2 of the data booklet to calculate the energy released and its uncertainty. You may assume that the only source of uncertainty is from the temperature change.
Energy released (q)=  J;Uncertainty=$\pm$  J

  Determine the type of variable and*);4, q)*in qhzjg d:ldjk4utnw( mkq correct axis for ΔH in a graph to show how ΔH is affected by the length of the carbon chaidkjkj *zh;:u dl* ( ,tn)qim n4qg)4qwn.

  The initial mass of a,fyaz6tp zj yfgl5j; 7m b1.(wp9u6 zq mortar containing a solid was recorded to be 109.34 g. The mortar was heated, and the final mass was recorded to be 81.92 g. What value shoul p6qa ,ju fzbf.pl6ty9jmg;wzz5(71yd be recorded for the mass lost in grams?

  The half-life of a second order reaction can be expressed according to the equaneexax1 e 6 /y;2/n(5f egzfswtion bxnf;2e5es/g/exz1 6( wfaney elow.
t$^{$\frac{1}{2}$}$=$\frac{1}{k[A]_0}$
Where t$^{\frac{1}{2}}$ =half-life,[$[A]_0$]= initial concentration of reactant A,and k is a constant.
Which two variables plotted against each other would produce a straight line?
I.t$^{\frac{1}{2}}$ VS $\frac{1}{k}$
II.t$^{\frac{1}{2}}$ VS $[A]_0$
III.t$^{$\frac{1}{2}$}$ VS $\frac{1}{[A]_0}$

  A piece of sodium metal has a mass )a44 xc9irwe0 ibr8qd;i;5 d,ospmn3:pcuwi of 13.02 g and a volume of 13.4 cm$^3$. What is the most precise density that can be reported?

1.State the complete balanced equation for thi-ij 2 f,mtodrk(apt/rs /a*4z k8k6xe reaction between sulphuric acid and copper (IIa ix / jd8 k-6,fkk zp2o(s/rriam*4tt) oxide.
2.State the complete balanced equation for the reaction between ethanoic acid and potassium carbonate.
3.Outline two ways to monitor the rate of reaction for reaction (b) above.

  The relationship between energy, E, and wavelength, λ, is shown tt,xn n mn5f 8*jdk jgs5d+v rn0-(vq7according to thevq7 ,f-d(rd+g8t0n xvn 5 jsnm5nkj*t equation below.
E=$\frac{hc}{λ}$

Which of the below statements are correct for the graph below representing E=$\frac{hc}{λ}$?
I.Energy and wavelength are directly proportional
II.The units for the gradient are J m$^{-1}$
III.The y-intercept has the units J

  The feasibility of a reaction procdxfem4c; x 1t;eeding spontaneously can be predicted using the fol;tmx4dc 1e; fxlowing equation:
ΔG=−TΔS+ΔH.
Where ΔG is the change in Gibb’s free energy, ΔS is the change in entropy, and ΔH is the change in enthalpy.




1.When ΔG<0, a reaction can be described as spontaneous. Use the graph above to deduce the lowest temperature at Read graph at which the reaction becomes spontaneous.
Read graph at ΔG=0,  K.
2.Calculate the gradient of the line and state its units.
3.Use your answer to part (b) to deduce the value and correct units for ΔS.
ΔS=  kJ mol$^{-1}$K$^{-1}$
4.Use the graph to determine the value for ΔG when the temperature is raised to 675K.
5.Calculate a value for y-intercept and state the correct units.
Substitution of (x,y) values and slope into equation with correct evaluation=  .(c=)

  The potential of a cell under yrf+wm r8 t q4*k-f/pk;s51w z b7rouqnon-standard conditions can be calculated using the Nernst equation:kw z 4y*bmw15fur+7qrf;8st/ qo-k rp
E=E$^θ$=$\frac{RT}{nF}$ln$_Q$
For the graph below, which components of the equation represent the gradient and the y-intercept?

  The relationship between the concentration of a reactant, A, /4w t 4jvqjcu4 l og)1hhe/a /sm9kcg5and the time, for a second-order reaction can be expressed uss w9gq1/oc mvhut4c4l) g/ea45jh jk/ ing the equation below:
$\frac{1}{[A]}$=kt+$\frac{1}{[A]_o}$
Where [A] is the concentration of reactant A,$[A]_o$,is the initial concentration of reactant A,t is the time in seconds, and k is a constant.

1.Calculate the gradient of the line and state the correct units.
2.Use the graph to determine $[A]_o$ (also known as the initial concentration of A)
$[A]_o$=  mol dm$^{-3}$
3.Determine the time at which the concentration of A is equal to an eighth of its initial concentration.
(If you were unable to complete parts (a), and (b), you may use k=0.02, and $A_o$=42)
[A]=  mold m$^{-3}$;Substitute and rearrange:  seconds

  Which of the below gives the correct average titre wis0c57j mh g+q *wtd,xmth its uncertainty?
Initial volume $\pm $0.05 c m$^{3}$ 0.00 23.15 0.00
Final volume $\pm $0.05 c m$^{3}$ 23.15 46.25 23.20

  The length of a thread was bein8zn fyj - .amrwi47fd-g measured using a 50 cm wooden ruler with a 1 mm increment. The reading for the beginning of the thread was 12.6 cm while t.y8w- jfir4danm f -z7he reading for the end of the thread was 45.3 cm. Which of the following is the largest possible length of the thread?

  The ideal gas equation allows pressure to be calculated according to the :i 0rfq/ 9hidxuzsk c7l0r 2;fequationr2:rd;hki q/0 9xcffu l0 isz7,
P=$\frac{nRT}{V}$.
This allows a straight line to be drawn for the effect of $\frac{1}{V}$ on P.

For the sketched graph above, which components of the equation P=$\frac{nRT}{V}$,relate to the gradient and
y-intercept of the straight line?

  A student recorded the mass of solid NaCl as 1200 g. Which of the following is x uvl(jjby)on*,k0g3 correct about the number of signiy(l03gnovb), xjk*j uficant figures recorded?

  2.00 ± 0.02 g $NaClO_3$ were dissolved in 2.0 ± 0.5 dm$^3$ distilled water.

Which row gives the correct concentration in gd m$^{-3}$ and relative uncertainty?

  A student is measuring the density of a solution a87 na*ni )srw7jwu4r. He recorded the data in the following naw*4jw78a)i rrsnu7 table.

1.Write the expression of the average density of the solution in a fraction form (make sure to include the absolute uncertainties for each physical quantity).
2.Calculate its corresponding uncertainty. Show your work clearly.
   $\pm$    %