A voltmeter reading is recorded as 100.0 V +/- 2%. Wsh-ts -yq;mxj((7nlghich of the following could be-;y7qj(-h(smxtg ls n the actual value?

I.98.0V
II.97.2V
III.101.3V

  A student recorded the volume of a lc wknwr s77ut10gem (d 8fkvx+o+5c)gas as 0.04056m$^3$. How many significant figures does the recorded value have?

  Which of the below features must be included z 1 upw,d*fu+*6sgntxtwv j 9:in a sketched graph?

I.Labelled axes
II.Scaled axes
III.Plotted points

  For the graph below, state thqp:v/ozam je3 u7y (1l .(uqohe appropriate units for the y-intercept.

  Which statement best describes t*jguw: xht4xqqo 657ohe relationship between x and y on the graph belowgh7 5xwo64xot q:q*uj?

For a first order reaction, the relations- tlv,r g,kb4nhip between rate and the concentration of a reactant, [A,kgn- r,b4 tlv], can be shown using the following equation: rate =k[A].
The data below gives the rate information for the first order reaction that proceeds in the thermal decomposition of reactant A.



1.On the axes above, draw a graph based on the provided data.
2.The effect of time on the concentration of reactant B for a zero-order reaction was plotted on the graph below.

(i)Draw a line of best fit on the graph above.
2.Describe the relationship between time and concentration.

  Which of the below gives the correct units for the gradient o-arq5- dsew3nbw*,r v f this line?

  A student is measuring the tempk(r/gj +qc j +t4cvn ipnc;hg :z7k:8herature change of an endothermic reaction.
Calculate the temperature change and identify the corresponding error.



Temperature decrease:  $^{\circ}C$$\pm$  $^{\circ}C$

  The relationship between pressure and temperature of a known volumx*.9g8ly vmlsv .pf ,g nu:6/yz o/pine and amount of gas can be described using Gay-Lussac’s ln.vpl z muv6n98figgxos: ./l/y*,p yaw which states that pressure is directly proportional to temperature.P∝T
Where P is pressure in Pa, and T is temperature in K.




1.On the axes above, sketch the graph of P∝T.

2.State two features that would need to be added to your sketched graph to turn it into a drawn graph.

3.The proportionality can be shown in an equation by incorporating a constant, k. The equation becomes P=kT, and follows the format of the equation of a straight line.

3.1.State the feature of a straight line that k represents in this context.
The feature is   .
3.2.Deduce the y-intercept of the straight line.
it is   (Pa).

  What is the value for the gradient of the graph below wi/glpbj)k2w le,h 3j d(th the correct units?

  A given mass of magnesium was added to 500cm$^3$ of aqueous hydrochloric acid in a Styrofoam cup to form magnesium chloride. The temperature at the start was 18$^{\circ}C$ and and after the magnesium had dissolved, the temperature rose to 20$^{\circ}C$.
1.State a balanced chemical equation for this reaction.
2.Given that the change in enthalpy,ΔH is 0.185kJ and the specific heat capacity of water is 4.18J g$^{-1}$K$^{-1}$,calculate the mass of magnesium added to the hydrochloric acid.
m=  g
3.Determine the systematic errors caused by the use of styrofoam cups.

Solid sodium carbonate reacts with excess nitric acid of 0.1 mol dm$^{-1}$ as shown in the equation below:
$Na_2CO_3$(s)+2$HNO_3$(aq) → $H_2O$(l) +$CO_2$(g)+2$NaNO_3$(aq)
1.State a method to measure the rate of reaction other than measuring the volume of gas collected.
2.1.Sketch a graph to show the volume of gas produced over time.
2.2.Explain the shape of your graph using the collision theory.


3.On the same graph as in part(bi), sketch another line to show the volume of gas collected over time at a concentration of 0.05 molcdm$^{-3}$ of nitric acid and label it as X.


4.Suggest and describe a factor other than the concentration that can affect the rate of the above reaction.

  Which statement best describes the relationship be-g fz,t ,am5ptus3 wn.tween the rate and H$^+$ oncentration, in a graph with the equation: rate =k[H$^+$]$^2$?

  In a first order reaction, the concentphyuo8x:5 t4u m0 c2wwration [A] of a given reactant can be determined at time t, according to the equation belo w5yc4xuh2u0tmw 8:p ow, where [A]$_o$ is the initial concentration of A and k is the rate constant.
ln[A]=-kt+ln[A]$_o$

  The enthalpy of neutralization for the reaction betjkghx1 e67zc/ ho7ks7 ween sulfuric acid and potassium hydroxide can b /zcoge1 xh76kj7sh k7e determined experimentally.
$H_2SO_4$(aq)+2KOH(aq)→$K_2SO_4$(aq)+2$H_2O$(l)
A student recorded the temperature of 20.0cm$^3$ of 0.500 mold m$^{-3}$
sulfuric acid every minute. At four minutes,25.0cm$^3$KOH(aq) is added to the solution, stirred immediately, and temperature recorded for another four minutes. The results are represented in the graph below.

1.Calculate the lowest concentration of aqueous KOH that must be used to ensure it is in excess.
C$_{KOH}$=  mold m$^{-3}$
2.Use the graph above to estimate a value for the maximum temperature change,ΔT.
ΔT=  $^{\circ}$
3.State one assumption you made in part (b).
4.Identify the anomalous result and suggest a possible type and source of error.
5.In another experiment with the same reactants, the student measured the initial and final temperatures and presented their results below:
Initial Temperature ($^{\circ}$C $\pm$$^{\circ}$C) 24.8 25.1 24.9
Final Temperature($^{\circ}$C $\pm$$^{\circ}$C) 26.4 26.6 26.4
1.Calculate the average change in temperature (ΔT)giving its percentage uncertainty.
Average=  $^{\circ}$C; Absolute uncertainty=$\pm$  $^{\circ}$C; Percentage uncertainty=  %
2.Use sections 1 and 2 of the data booklet to calculate the energy released and its uncertainty. You may assume that the only source of uncertainty is from the temperature change.
Energy released (q)=  J;Uncertainty=$\pm$  J

  Determine the type of g9k8-t.j*jd5 x;mv wkhu,uhbvariable and correct axis for ΔH in a graph to show how ΔH is affected by the length of the carbon kw,5g hkmv djj;* xhu u-98t.bchain.

  The initial mass of a mortar containing a solid was recordedax, glk:u4d)0+;7 hhrciw z eh to be 109.34 g. The mortar was heated, and the final mass was recorded to be 81.92 g. What value should be recorded for the mass lost il 4k;0g :hhh+i) r,euzxca7w dn grams?

  The half-life of a second order reaction canf0jso-igr9iu/g e e*1r6h, eb be expressed according to the equatioe9e/16sfh0o*g rjg ribu,e- in below.
t$^{$\frac{1}{2}$}$=$\frac{1}{k[A]_0}$
Where t$^{\frac{1}{2}}$ =half-life,[$[A]_0$]= initial concentration of reactant A,and k is a constant.
Which two variables plotted against each other would produce a straight line?
I.t$^{\frac{1}{2}}$ VS $\frac{1}{k}$
II.t$^{\frac{1}{2}}$ VS $[A]_0$
III.t$^{$\frac{1}{2}$}$ VS $\frac{1}{[A]_0}$

  A piece of sodium metal has a mass ofxtlq2nqrrzgy31: - - *2bmfnz 13.02 g and a volume of 13.4 cm$^3$. What is the most precise density that can be reported?

1.State the complete balanced equation for the reaction between su0:vnglmj6i9rw c 5ne f8wja.6z75z fxlphuric acid and coppe z08:6jnlwcgix.e5 96mwj f arfz 57vnr (II) oxide.
2.State the complete balanced equation for the reaction between ethanoic acid and potassium carbonate.
3.Outline two ways to monitor the rate of reaction for reaction (b) above.

  The relationship between energy, E, and wavelength, λ, is shown according to thesumq/gu3)j2* zzxz90ks c dn8 ez3)s208ujsxukdzc q9/ m g nz*quation below.
E=$\frac{hc}{λ}$

Which of the below statements are correct for the graph below representing E=$\frac{hc}{λ}$?
I.Energy and wavelength are directly proportional
II.The units for the gradient are J m$^{-1}$
III.The y-intercept has the units J

  The feasibility of a reaction proceeding sponta;,hnn92xp df eneously can be predicted using the following eqn dxph;n,ef2 9uation:
ΔG=−TΔS+ΔH.
Where ΔG is the change in Gibb’s free energy, ΔS is the change in entropy, and ΔH is the change in enthalpy.




1.When ΔG<0, a reaction can be described as spontaneous. Use the graph above to deduce the lowest temperature at Read graph at which the reaction becomes spontaneous.
Read graph at ΔG=0,  K.
2.Calculate the gradient of the line and state its units.
3.Use your answer to part (b) to deduce the value and correct units for ΔS.
ΔS=  kJ mol$^{-1}$K$^{-1}$
4.Use the graph to determine the value for ΔG when the temperature is raised to 675K.
5.Calculate a value for y-intercept and state the correct units.
Substitution of (x,y) values and slope into equation with correct evaluation=  .(c=)

  The potential of a cj gi y wt3avwmy4i26s195h1hdell under non-standard conditions can be calculated using the Nernst equas 6 it15g9h4iy2mw1jhy3v awdtion:
E=E$^θ$=$\frac{RT}{nF}$ln$_Q$
For the graph below, which components of the equation represent the gradient and the y-intercept?

  The relationship between the concentration of a reactant, A, andm76fr6fy2 qeo the time, for a second-order reaction can be expressed using the equation bel6 fo6r7fmye 2qow:
$\frac{1}{[A]}$=kt+$\frac{1}{[A]_o}$
Where [A] is the concentration of reactant A,$[A]_o$,is the initial concentration of reactant A,t is the time in seconds, and k is a constant.

1.Calculate the gradient of the line and state the correct units.
2.Use the graph to determine $[A]_o$ (also known as the initial concentration of A)
$[A]_o$=  mol dm$^{-3}$
3.Determine the time at which the concentration of A is equal to an eighth of its initial concentration.
(If you were unable to complete parts (a), and (b), you may use k=0.02, and $A_o$=42)
[A]=  mold m$^{-3}$;Substitute and rearrange:  seconds

  Which of the below gives the correct average t+kvjb q6*k2i.6y7uc ob (ztet9rl5aw itre with its uncertainty?
Initial volume $\pm $0.05 c m$^{3}$ 0.00 23.15 0.00
Final volume $\pm $0.05 c m$^{3}$ 23.15 46.25 23.20

  The length of a thread was being me(l; )ai7iyu6czb wf,d asured using a 50 cm wooden ruler with a 1 mm increment. The reading for the beginning of the thread was 12.6 cm while the reading for the end of the thread was 45.3 cm. Which of the following is the largesdi cy ;i7bw(6,fa)uzl t possible length of the thread?

  The ideal gas equation allows xdj; ;gefb)4p pressure to be calculated according to the equation, pe) d 4;gbjf;x
P=$\frac{nRT}{V}$.
This allows a straight line to be drawn for the effect of $\frac{1}{V}$ on P.

For the sketched graph above, which components of the equation P=$\frac{nRT}{V}$,relate to the gradient and
y-intercept of the straight line?

  A student recorded the mass of solid NaCl as 1200 g. Which of the fo4v3bcz,pgzx v /:,pt illowing is correct about the number of significant figures vi/z ,zv,4pgxtp:3bc recorded?

  2.00 ± 0.02 g $NaClO_3$ were dissolved in 2.0 ± 0.5 dm$^3$ distilled water.

Which row gives the correct concentration in gd m$^{-3}$ and relative uncertainty?

  A student is measuring the density of a solution. He recorded the dataij 4ciu toz7w5+3:hu;wt hweo o5z7c. in the follow +j;7wu oo5 5wzt .hcu4:z37o hwctieiing table.

1.Write the expression of the average density of the solution in a fraction form (make sure to include the absolute uncertainties for each physical quantity).
2.Calculate its corresponding uncertainty. Show your work clearly.
   $\pm$    %