A voltmeter reading is recordeelnfb5 g es 8qi4qj578d as 100.0 V +/- 2%. Which of the following could be lq58 sng47eefij5 8q bthe actual value?

I.98.0V
II.97.2V
III.101.3V

  A student recorded the volume of a gas a205z x u/6pw wetsyi+ss 0.04056m$^3$. How many significant figures does the recorded value have?

  Which of the below features must be includedbudx z7omr/u-jt9 ),j in a sketched graph?

I.Labelled axes
II.Scaled axes
III.Plotted points

  For the graph below, state thllmodau w 09 49wjs1q7e appropriate units for the y-intercept.

  Which statement best describes the w,as-ta-: lbkk0yo /k relationship between x and y on the graph belowyokab,-k- : s0 t/kwla?

For a first order reaction, the .xcq vx4gn w +v.unsyj9lw7(8relationship between rate and the concentration of a n. u q+vyj4glxv(.cxnw 8s7w9reactant, [A], can be shown using the following equation: rate =k[A].
The data below gives the rate information for the first order reaction that proceeds in the thermal decomposition of reactant A.



1.On the axes above, draw a graph based on the provided data.
2.The effect of time on the concentration of reactant B for a zero-order reaction was plotted on the graph below.

(i)Draw a line of best fit on the graph above.
2.Describe the relationship between time and concentration.

  Which of the below gives the co ich*(pd3,+:qlnrjb0b 3ao ga rrect units for the gradient of this line?

  A student is measuring the temperature change of an endoth44u t *wbxb1t;4ibnczfd1x0r ermic reaction.
Calculate the temperature change and identify the corresponding error.



Temperature decrease:  $^{\circ}C$$\pm$  $^{\circ}C$

  The relationship between pressure and temperature of a known volume and amounvn4 hmf*i5s 7g;qrmd1t of gas can be described using Gay-Lussac’s law which states that pressure is dir1rd* ;hism5m4vngq7 fectly proportional to temperature.P∝T
Where P is pressure in Pa, and T is temperature in K.




1.On the axes above, sketch the graph of P∝T.

2.State two features that would need to be added to your sketched graph to turn it into a drawn graph.

3.The proportionality can be shown in an equation by incorporating a constant, k. The equation becomes P=kT, and follows the format of the equation of a straight line.

3.1.State the feature of a straight line that k represents in this context.
The feature is   .
3.2.Deduce the y-intercept of the straight line.
it is   (Pa).

  What is the value for the gradien;8r :ut*1tnx fgfs5ent of the graph below with the correct units?

  A given mass of magnesium was added to 500cm$^3$ of aqueous hydrochloric acid in a Styrofoam cup to form magnesium chloride. The temperature at the start was 18$^{\circ}C$ and and after the magnesium had dissolved, the temperature rose to 20$^{\circ}C$.
1.State a balanced chemical equation for this reaction.
2.Given that the change in enthalpy,ΔH is 0.185kJ and the specific heat capacity of water is 4.18J g$^{-1}$K$^{-1}$,calculate the mass of magnesium added to the hydrochloric acid.
m=  g
3.Determine the systematic errors caused by the use of styrofoam cups.

Solid sodium carbonate reacts with excess nitric acid of 0.1 mol dm$^{-1}$ as shown in the equation below:
$Na_2CO_3$(s)+2$HNO_3$(aq) → $H_2O$(l) +$CO_2$(g)+2$NaNO_3$(aq)
1.State a method to measure the rate of reaction other than measuring the volume of gas collected.
2.1.Sketch a graph to show the volume of gas produced over time.
2.2.Explain the shape of your graph using the collision theory.


3.On the same graph as in part(bi), sketch another line to show the volume of gas collected over time at a concentration of 0.05 molcdm$^{-3}$ of nitric acid and label it as X.


4.Suggest and describe a factor other than the concentration that can affect the rate of the above reaction.

  Which statement best describes the relatiok-vyop o*l 0 (kbl2)zgnship between the rate and H$^+$ oncentration, in a graph with the equation: rate =k[H$^+$]$^2$?

  In a first order reaction, the concentration [A] of a *sm0mj;p- msgz-y x m6given reactant can be determined at time t, according y;*z 6xm mm-0pss-g jmto the equation below, where [A]$_o$ is the initial concentration of A and k is the rate constant.
ln[A]=-kt+ln[A]$_o$

  The enthalpy of neutralization for the reaction betwee u ); h;b85hkech.cqygn sulfuric acid and potassium h8.;cbegquh;5 hhy k )cydroxide can be determined experimentally.
$H_2SO_4$(aq)+2KOH(aq)→$K_2SO_4$(aq)+2$H_2O$(l)
A student recorded the temperature of 20.0cm$^3$ of 0.500 mold m$^{-3}$
sulfuric acid every minute. At four minutes,25.0cm$^3$KOH(aq) is added to the solution, stirred immediately, and temperature recorded for another four minutes. The results are represented in the graph below.

1.Calculate the lowest concentration of aqueous KOH that must be used to ensure it is in excess.
C$_{KOH}$=  mold m$^{-3}$
2.Use the graph above to estimate a value for the maximum temperature change,ΔT.
ΔT=  $^{\circ}$
3.State one assumption you made in part (b).
4.Identify the anomalous result and suggest a possible type and source of error.
5.In another experiment with the same reactants, the student measured the initial and final temperatures and presented their results below:
Initial Temperature ($^{\circ}$C $\pm$$^{\circ}$C) 24.8 25.1 24.9
Final Temperature($^{\circ}$C $\pm$$^{\circ}$C) 26.4 26.6 26.4
1.Calculate the average change in temperature (ΔT)giving its percentage uncertainty.
Average=  $^{\circ}$C; Absolute uncertainty=$\pm$  $^{\circ}$C; Percentage uncertainty=  %
2.Use sections 1 and 2 of the data booklet to calculate the energy released and its uncertainty. You may assume that the only source of uncertainty is from the temperature change.
Energy released (q)=  J;Uncertainty=$\pm$  J

  Determine the type of variable and correct :.di/by9 g-mwq *cm qdjr+zw2axis for ΔH in a graph to show how ΔH is affected by ti zwq2 wrg9*-yd :d.jmc/qm+bhe length of the carbon chain.

  The initial mass of a mortar co0z:.d yu;c7ua l/;d,jg,r0fdyxxy ok ntaining a solid was recorded to be 109.34 g. The mortar w adz 7/drfdx;g,x c;k,u0:ul j.yo0yy as heated, and the final mass was recorded to be 81.92 g. What value should be recorded for the mass lost in grams?

  The half-life of a second order reaction can be expt-r ku3hy,-,p ryj:ih ressed according to the equation beltyh,- :rhik-upy3rj ,ow.
t$^{$\frac{1}{2}$}$=$\frac{1}{k[A]_0}$
Where t$^{\frac{1}{2}}$ =half-life,[$[A]_0$]= initial concentration of reactant A,and k is a constant.
Which two variables plotted against each other would produce a straight line?
I.t$^{\frac{1}{2}}$ VS $\frac{1}{k}$
II.t$^{\frac{1}{2}}$ VS $[A]_0$
III.t$^{$\frac{1}{2}$}$ VS $\frac{1}{[A]_0}$

  A piece of sodium metal has a mass of 13.0;m3ax xamvhggc7fb4,i: impm8m * :v52 g and a volume of 13.4 cm$^3$. What is the most precise density that can be reported?

1.State the complete balanced equation for the reaction betwx+2 bbcjk h8.teen sulphuric acid and copper (II) o+hb 2kx j.8btcxide.
2.State the complete balanced equation for the reaction between ethanoic acid and potassium carbonate.
3.Outline two ways to monitor the rate of reaction for reaction (b) above.

  The relationship between energy, E, and waveigk9vlg j,qo56i bf)+e2kctj6 lw74 qlength, λ, is shown according to the equ6 vlfji+j ,g)6qc9i 5ol7tgwqbek42kation below.
E=$\frac{hc}{λ}$

Which of the below statements are correct for the graph below representing E=$\frac{hc}{λ}$?
I.Energy and wavelength are directly proportional
II.The units for the gradient are J m$^{-1}$
III.The y-intercept has the units J

  The feasibility of a reaction proceeding spontaner5xniql *t:*kq0eua sj)f *) jously can be predicted using the following eqjf* :stnx0*uikqrj) 5qle)a *uation:
ΔG=−TΔS+ΔH.
Where ΔG is the change in Gibb’s free energy, ΔS is the change in entropy, and ΔH is the change in enthalpy.




1.When ΔG<0, a reaction can be described as spontaneous. Use the graph above to deduce the lowest temperature at Read graph at which the reaction becomes spontaneous.
Read graph at ΔG=0,  K.
2.Calculate the gradient of the line and state its units.
3.Use your answer to part (b) to deduce the value and correct units for ΔS.
ΔS=  kJ mol$^{-1}$K$^{-1}$
4.Use the graph to determine the value for ΔG when the temperature is raised to 675K.
5.Calculate a value for y-intercept and state the correct units.
Substitution of (x,y) values and slope into equation with correct evaluation=  .(c=)

  The potential of a cell under non-standard conditions can be calculated usinyps6 * .61dme-gry kwiequ;b;g the Nernst equat *6e;byq.-eui6wy sm1;pg rkdion:
E=E$^θ$=$\frac{RT}{nF}$ln$_Q$
For the graph below, which components of the equation represent the gradient and the y-intercept?

  The relationship between the concen5cawoo: vf1lbc;u4-wu1pb i 5tration of a reactant, A, and the time, for a second-order reaction can be ex5bfc:pa11 ucoo v liu5bw;-4wpressed using the equation below:
$\frac{1}{[A]}$=kt+$\frac{1}{[A]_o}$
Where [A] is the concentration of reactant A,$[A]_o$,is the initial concentration of reactant A,t is the time in seconds, and k is a constant.

1.Calculate the gradient of the line and state the correct units.
2.Use the graph to determine $[A]_o$ (also known as the initial concentration of A)
$[A]_o$=  mol dm$^{-3}$
3.Determine the time at which the concentration of A is equal to an eighth of its initial concentration.
(If you were unable to complete parts (a), and (b), you may use k=0.02, and $A_o$=42)
[A]=  mold m$^{-3}$;Substitute and rearrange:  seconds

  Which of the below gives the correct average titre with its uncertaint2mutf; 8z/ jgjy?
Initial volume $\pm $0.05 c m$^{3}$ 0.00 23.15 0.00
Final volume $\pm $0.05 c m$^{3}$ 23.15 46.25 23.20

  The length of a thread was sw 8cm3v3ex1yg,z aa-being measured using a 50 cm wooden ruler with a 1 mm increment. The reading for the beginning of the thread was 12.6 cm while the reading for the end of the thread was 45.3 cm. Which of the followinxg1maeca,-8v3ywz 3sg is the largest possible length of the thread?

  The ideal gas equation allows pres5ykx :1z/pz 7;tawkkksure to be calculated according to the equation, ya tzwzk; /xp7:51kk k
P=$\frac{nRT}{V}$.
This allows a straight line to be drawn for the effect of $\frac{1}{V}$ on P.

For the sketched graph above, which components of the equation P=$\frac{nRT}{V}$,relate to the gradient and
y-intercept of the straight line?

  A student recorded thecyjc59b/iiuu6s9cdwcb 4 7e3l 9uc b 2 mass of solid NaCl as 1200 g. Which of the following is correct about the number of s92u uw 9ilc3ie5s 6uy/c4 9jc7ccbbdbignificant figures recorded?

  2.00 ± 0.02 g $NaClO_3$ were dissolved in 2.0 ± 0.5 dm$^3$ distilled water.

Which row gives the correct concentration in gd m$^{-3}$ and relative uncertainty?

  A student is measuring the density of a solution. He recordvaebb * p x6j1oqn+*a6ed the data in the following tabl 1 p6a*oqv ej+*x6nbbae.

1.Write the expression of the average density of the solution in a fraction form (make sure to include the absolute uncertainties for each physical quantity).
2.Calculate its corresponding uncertainty. Show your work clearly.
   $\pm$    %