A voltmeter reading is recorded60o1(:n9d ,ilct8j nt nudobcmi6x :c as 100.0 V +/- 2%. Which of the following could t d,ocdn imoj90ic:n8b 6 :ux 6c(nl1tbe the actual value?

I.98.0V
II.97.2V
III.101.3V

  A student recorded the volume of a gas as 0x gwp( ;x+loqgo 7d*v7.04056m$^3$. How many significant figures does the recorded value have?

  Which of the below features must be included in a sketchedn54z-mn q-hd6 q3tn3 z(1iorwuiv6w o graph?

I.Labelled axes
II.Scaled axes
III.Plotted points

  For the graph below, state the appropriate units9aea+tje v2 x 5t4an:v for the y-intercept.

  Which statement best describes the r(asditu:palnmkh x+i g+u8--8dj 3g9elationship between x and y on the graph beloihl-s8k93(pmd +adj x-+iu gt 8n:ag uw?

For a first order reaction, the relationship between 0rwygpuixoq.8z ;5b 2 rate and the concentration ogoqr5y2. u;xizpb0w8 f a reactant, [A], can be shown using the following equation: rate =k[A].
The data below gives the rate information for the first order reaction that proceeds in the thermal decomposition of reactant A.



1.On the axes above, draw a graph based on the provided data.
2.The effect of time on the concentration of reactant B for a zero-order reaction was plotted on the graph below.

(i)Draw a line of best fit on the graph above.
2.Describe the relationship between time and concentration.

  Which of the below gives the correct units for the gradientiy7umm ;rt k0* of this line?

  A student is measuring the temperature change of an endo+9efltj 4+o bothermic reaction.
Calculate the temperature change and identify the corresponding error.



Temperature decrease:  $^{\circ}C$$\pm$  $^{\circ}C$

  The relationship between pressure and temperature of a known ji bc;0i-wu7z volume and amount of gas can be described using Gay-Lussac’s law which states th7iwjc0bu;i z-at pressure is directly proportional to temperature.P∝T
Where P is pressure in Pa, and T is temperature in K.




1.On the axes above, sketch the graph of P∝T.

2.State two features that would need to be added to your sketched graph to turn it into a drawn graph.

3.The proportionality can be shown in an equation by incorporating a constant, k. The equation becomes P=kT, and follows the format of the equation of a straight line.

3.1.State the feature of a straight line that k represents in this context.
The feature is   .
3.2.Deduce the y-intercept of the straight line.
it is   (Pa).

  What is the value for the gradient of the graph below with the correct units? os t,l/oc9yg2

  A given mass of magnesium was added to 500cm$^3$ of aqueous hydrochloric acid in a Styrofoam cup to form magnesium chloride. The temperature at the start was 18$^{\circ}C$ and and after the magnesium had dissolved, the temperature rose to 20$^{\circ}C$.
1.State a balanced chemical equation for this reaction.
2.Given that the change in enthalpy,ΔH is 0.185kJ and the specific heat capacity of water is 4.18J g$^{-1}$K$^{-1}$,calculate the mass of magnesium added to the hydrochloric acid.
m=  g
3.Determine the systematic errors caused by the use of styrofoam cups.

Solid sodium carbonate reacts with excess nitric acid of 0.1 mol dm$^{-1}$ as shown in the equation below:
$Na_2CO_3$(s)+2$HNO_3$(aq) → $H_2O$(l) +$CO_2$(g)+2$NaNO_3$(aq)
1.State a method to measure the rate of reaction other than measuring the volume of gas collected.
2.1.Sketch a graph to show the volume of gas produced over time.
2.2.Explain the shape of your graph using the collision theory.


3.On the same graph as in part(bi), sketch another line to show the volume of gas collected over time at a concentration of 0.05 molcdm$^{-3}$ of nitric acid and label it as X.


4.Suggest and describe a factor other than the concentration that can affect the rate of the above reaction.

  Which statement best describes the relationship between t2ite6w1q0zqw t q8)oche rate and H$^+$ oncentration, in a graph with the equation: rate =k[H$^+$]$^2$?

  In a first order rea81ctba8e;7u onk 2i rd.zzzi,ction, the concentration [A] of a given reactant can be determined at time t, according to the equation below, whea. 2z br81 ndik8oe z,7ti;uczre [A]$_o$ is the initial concentration of A and k is the rate constant.
ln[A]=-kt+ln[A]$_o$

  The enthalpy of neutralization for the jmig ae(;eg+vanc5e( m o27jl s9z- q)reaction between sulfuric acid and potassium hydroxide can be determined experimentall+zlo (5m ) aj;c-(eveiqjgnmg aes29 7y.
$H_2SO_4$(aq)+2KOH(aq)→$K_2SO_4$(aq)+2$H_2O$(l)
A student recorded the temperature of 20.0cm$^3$ of 0.500 mold m$^{-3}$
sulfuric acid every minute. At four minutes,25.0cm$^3$KOH(aq) is added to the solution, stirred immediately, and temperature recorded for another four minutes. The results are represented in the graph below.

1.Calculate the lowest concentration of aqueous KOH that must be used to ensure it is in excess.
C$_{KOH}$=  mold m$^{-3}$
2.Use the graph above to estimate a value for the maximum temperature change,ΔT.
ΔT=  $^{\circ}$
3.State one assumption you made in part (b).
4.Identify the anomalous result and suggest a possible type and source of error.
5.In another experiment with the same reactants, the student measured the initial and final temperatures and presented their results below:
Initial Temperature ($^{\circ}$C $\pm$$^{\circ}$C) 24.8 25.1 24.9
Final Temperature($^{\circ}$C $\pm$$^{\circ}$C) 26.4 26.6 26.4
1.Calculate the average change in temperature (ΔT)giving its percentage uncertainty.
Average=  $^{\circ}$C; Absolute uncertainty=$\pm$  $^{\circ}$C; Percentage uncertainty=  %
2.Use sections 1 and 2 of the data booklet to calculate the energy released and its uncertainty. You may assume that the only source of uncertainty is from the temperature change.
Energy released (q)=  J;Uncertainty=$\pm$  J

  Determine the type of variable and correct axis fewa2n3d71dy rrwhbu1*yu2( xor ΔH in a graph to show how ΔH is affected by the lr 3u1y7ea 1* 2ynu(dwrhx2d bwength of the carbon chain.

  The initial mass of a mortar containing a solid was recordol 5yfy ra9,1k:;ohbjed to be 109.34 g. The mortar was heated, and the final mass was recorded to be 81.92 g. What value should be rlbo5y j;9:ao,1 rfyhkecorded for the mass lost in grams?

  The half-life of a seco x+xjfg(ck 04udeav40b /n* glnd order reaction can be expressed according to the equation b( aggu4lfx+nj /0 e 0vkcx*4dbelow.
t$^{$\frac{1}{2}$}$=$\frac{1}{k[A]_0}$
Where t$^{\frac{1}{2}}$ =half-life,[$[A]_0$]= initial concentration of reactant A,and k is a constant.
Which two variables plotted against each other would produce a straight line?
I.t$^{\frac{1}{2}}$ VS $\frac{1}{k}$
II.t$^{\frac{1}{2}}$ VS $[A]_0$
III.t$^{$\frac{1}{2}$}$ VS $\frac{1}{[A]_0}$

  A piece of sodium metal has :5p+ +6gi .6ww1b1cnb;v ymoobwpukg a mass of 13.02 g and a volume of 13.4 cm$^3$. What is the most precise density that can be reported?

1.State the complete balanced equation for the reaction between sulphuric acidi0 fa 8xb aq 5scp,0vguby+-rr)g4.nf and copper (II) q4. gxsf5v-)u0a,b8y bfn pi0cr +arg oxide.
2.State the complete balanced equation for the reaction between ethanoic acid and potassium carbonate.
3.Outline two ways to monitor the rate of reaction for reaction (b) above.

  The relationship bet iwtlr)s :6m y+ys:evns6g*4fween energy, E, and wavelength, λ, is shown according to the e:yf tig)s +rs: w*lns6emy64vquation below.
E=$\frac{hc}{λ}$

Which of the below statements are correct for the graph below representing E=$\frac{hc}{λ}$?
I.Energy and wavelength are directly proportional
II.The units for the gradient are J m$^{-1}$
III.The y-intercept has the units J

  The feasibility of a reaction proceedi)dt3r,o3(5 u bzbn/lv9 dxgking spontaneously can be predicted using the following equati uik9vt/,x(long5bd )b 33 rdzon:
ΔG=−TΔS+ΔH.
Where ΔG is the change in Gibb’s free energy, ΔS is the change in entropy, and ΔH is the change in enthalpy.




1.When ΔG<0, a reaction can be described as spontaneous. Use the graph above to deduce the lowest temperature at Read graph at which the reaction becomes spontaneous.
Read graph at ΔG=0,  K.
2.Calculate the gradient of the line and state its units.
3.Use your answer to part (b) to deduce the value and correct units for ΔS.
ΔS=  kJ mol$^{-1}$K$^{-1}$
4.Use the graph to determine the value for ΔG when the temperature is raised to 675K.
5.Calculate a value for y-intercept and state the correct units.
Substitution of (x,y) values and slope into equation with correct evaluation=  .(c=)

  The potential of a cell under non-standard conditions can be calvopw+/0. i sxasn+u7y culated using the Nernst equation: a/wxp7y+o.su0 vn +is
E=E$^θ$=$\frac{RT}{nF}$ln$_Q$
For the graph below, which components of the equation represent the gradient and the y-intercept?

  The relationship betwd a u nv,ljhd1s+:h7pe)8wq(oeen the concentration of a reactant, A, and the time, for a second-order reaction can bel, n)od8pw1q7hve(d h us+ja: expressed using the equation below:
$\frac{1}{[A]}$=kt+$\frac{1}{[A]_o}$
Where [A] is the concentration of reactant A,$[A]_o$,is the initial concentration of reactant A,t is the time in seconds, and k is a constant.

1.Calculate the gradient of the line and state the correct units.
2.Use the graph to determine $[A]_o$ (also known as the initial concentration of A)
$[A]_o$=  mol dm$^{-3}$
3.Determine the time at which the concentration of A is equal to an eighth of its initial concentration.
(If you were unable to complete parts (a), and (b), you may use k=0.02, and $A_o$=42)
[A]=  mold m$^{-3}$;Substitute and rearrange:  seconds

  Which of the below gives the corr*qx.o) mpbg2g5o kqb,,hfs15 uf fzq4ect average titre with its uncertainty?
Initial volume $\pm $0.05 c m$^{3}$ 0.00 23.15 0.00
Final volume $\pm $0.05 c m$^{3}$ 23.15 46.25 23.20

  The length of a thread was being measured using a 50 cm woodlq,qj 2ccvv 18en ruler with a 1 mm increment. The reading for the beginning of the thread was 12.6 cm while the reading for the end of the thread was 45.3 cm. Which of the following is the lvl,8ccq 1 j2vqargest possible length of the thread?

  The ideal gas equation allows pressure to be calculated acc)djk9cds1vq+k+v9 yhording to the equation, dk1+9yq )kdhvv9+ scj
P=$\frac{nRT}{V}$.
This allows a straight line to be drawn for the effect of $\frac{1}{V}$ on P.

For the sketched graph above, which components of the equation P=$\frac{nRT}{V}$,relate to the gradient and
y-intercept of the straight line?

  A student recorded the mass of solid NaCl as 1200 g. Which of the -ffcj (b3(lv ywvyp-,following is correct about the number of significant figlpc(v-(-yjvw 3b,fyf ures recorded?

  2.00 ± 0.02 g $NaClO_3$ were dissolved in 2.0 ± 0.5 dm$^3$ distilled water.

Which row gives the correct concentration in gd m$^{-3}$ and relative uncertainty?

  A student is measuring the density of a solution. He recorded the data in ga cj5o:vk4.e(ixw4d the following table. v(:o4ia . wdg4 5exckj

1.Write the expression of the average density of the solution in a fraction form (make sure to include the absolute uncertainties for each physical quantity).
2.Calculate its corresponding uncertainty. Show your work clearly.
   $\pm$    %