Which of Newton's laws p /z1,cevx0f akgt*,onlr a,8 best explains why motorists should buckle-up?

  When you sit on a chair, the resultant force m (pdz7v6a g7e( vzd6uon you is

  In the absence of an external force, a moving object wisvu*xva;sj vv 0u5 (9dll

  When the rocket engines on the starship NO-PAIN-NO-GAIN are;5jrc w.omh s0swuel y,)hd6ivb8 0 .t suddenly turned off, while traveling in empty space, the starshidy .06bs) wj.,0 ;w5eum8ihths cl orvp will

  A rocket moves through empty space in s pptv2e0zmek;k224 sa straight line with constant speed. It is far from the grav2t4mp2k vz2ep e kss;0itational effect of any star or planet. Under these conditions, the force that must be applied to the rocket in order to sustain its motion is

  You are standing in a moving bus, facing forward, and you suddenly fall forr35hl kvn,7bxuy8lbvq;x 91 swvo r/*ward. You can imply from this that the3ry7ohrv1u/lw ksxxv*l5v,; 8q b9b n bus's

  You are standing in a moving bus, facing forward, and you i+.dnp+eed 7wocgv 12l8 :vxwsuddenly fall forward as the bus comes to an immediate stop. What x+ni pvd+1:e2le7w . dcog vw8force caused you to fall forward?

  A constant net force acts on ai l6tbu2n-brdg + .ubkc+pb, 0n object. Describe the motion of the object.

  The acceleration of an object is inversely proportional w:olp/6xpbviak t es 2 8,ha)hd90e 8yto

  A net force F accelerates a mass m with an accelionu7z kn5 *n3eration a. If the same net force is applied to mass 2m, then the acceleration wi*nu o3 nkzi57nll be

  A net force F acts on a mass mamai/a* m; 1upsx2k3y and produces an acceleration a. What acceleration results if a net force 2F ac ; 3skpxaiam21ym*u/a ts on mass 4m?

  If you blow up a balloon, and then release it, the el-kpx1i,wh r5,*7ax: vnzlk;b s iae4/v,frballoon will fly away. This is ;/sxe4, xe fk1rra7v ,wzlap*-lv:hi b5,i kn an illustration of

  Two cars collide head-on. At every moment d0zh4 x88jnpko uring the collision, the magnitude of the force the first car exerts o8hnzk xp04 jo8n the second is exactly equal to the magnitude of the force the second car exerts on the first. This is an example of

  If you exert a force F on an object, the force which ztv.m ks ch)2 fd(w+5ythe object exerts on you wilhs(.2 5k c)yz+fwmvdt l

  Action-reaction forces-a 4vo1qtbev 1bi 9e0,fs hp/)o q;qfn

  Action-reaction forces ar ):hcfwk6 x(aqsqq. -yff96djs0 db u7e

  A 20-ton truck collides with a 1500-lb car and causes a sc0x*sxu-s 0 p-e7ks.pgy pt52ok6twlot of damage to the car. Since a lot of damage is done -okst x s0x0stpp u*wc65k2es g-.7pyon the car

  An object of mass m sits on a flat table780 w2l0ywzulp fkyph/ ,j qxcfz+p42. The Earth pulls on this object with force mg, which we will call the action force. lklh87wyzcjx fp+ y4/qp0wz fp2, 2 u0 What is the reaction force?

  A child's toy is suspended from the ceiling bsxuxbutw+( 4k9/(hxvro* * ney means of a string. The Earth pulls downward on the toy with its weight force of 8.0 N. If this is the "action force," what is the "reactio (nr vke4+u/u w(o *xbxxt9s*hn force"?

  Your bat hits the ball pitched to you with a 13u: xpou;hq lt: +v-bf)ke,cw500-N instantaneous force. The ball hits the bat with an instantauf ;) peklo w-qb+u3vt,x :ch:neous force, whose magnitude is

State Newton's threef(rcgku15m+ 7n tup /a laws.

  Mass and weight

  The acceleration due to graviqau* 1j:zo bk7ty is lower on the Moon than on Earth. Which of the following is true about the mass and weight of an astronaut on the Moon's surface1ab q*uj7o:k z, compared to Earth?

  An example of a force which acts at a dih*sxk::q+n lmstance is

  Who has a greater weigvps0n)q .mbv-j1kgyf .imr 5f 2ux/ w8ht to mass ratio, a person weighing 400 N or a person weighing 602x q ynfmv rp)k5i/-g jw.vbs1mf0.u 80 N?

  A stone is thrown straight up. At the top of its path, thcngyf3* lhbqhoq h k(*a- 7./he net force acting on it ik qfc7-g3lo/ .a(n*qh hhb*hys

  A 20-N weight and a 5.0-N weight are drop1./ho,q ois4v e o9sirped simultaneously from the same height. Ignore air resistance. Compare their acceleration.srhvq ,eii 4 9oso/o1s.

  A brick and a feather fall to the earth at their l6j)qa7 ksqt.a/vc d.respective terminal velocities. Which object experiences the greater force of at6dcsajk.v lq/) a7 q.ir friction?

  An object of mass m is hanging by a string from tm+xy io*w (xrl0jb g;8he ceiling of an elevator. The elevator is mov+*m o8x w gr0lxyb;(jiing up at constant speed. What is the tension in the string?

  An object of mass m is halt4k 4--xtf mvnging by a string from the ceiling of an elevator. The elevator is moving upward, but slowing down. What is 4 fmltx-v-k4t the tension in the string?

  The force that keeps you from slidin3 zcx i4cb/rh3g on an icy sidewalk is

  It's more difficult to start moving a heavy carton from rest than it is to keep gq47mmckt(- fwyw j /*pushing it with constant(wgt4qwm7fjk m *-cy/ velocity, because

  A horizontal force accelerates a box from rest across a horizontal 9bgt0o m )o-jufk9n -vm.0jqd fp5 a;tsurface (friction is present) at a constant rate. The experiment is repeated, and all conditions remain the same with the exceptiodngm.- oqo;90fafvt-)k 0t 9 u pbjj5mn that the horizontal force is doubled. What happens to the box's acceleration?

  A packing crate slides down an inclined ramp 2 )u5;v fkp d;pznigg1at constant velocity. Thus we can dedu;u;fgviznkpg5p 1d2) ce that

  A block of mass M slides down a frictionless plane inclined at lqka6cg - 0r+v:st6d*x jv r,ian angle q with the horizontal. The normal reaction force exerted by the plane on the blo rva 6rk c+g 6qj:d*tx0lv-si,ck is

  A block of mass M slides down a frictionless plane inclined at an angle 9 feqoz;s)x n7q with the o)n9zq xsef ;7horizontal. The normal reaction force exerted by the plane on the block is directed

  A block of mass M slides down a frictionless plane incline l )ndx0)5*ozn dpzay7d at an angle q with the horizontal. T)az)p5d zdnxl*70n y ohe gravitational force is directed

  Two toy cars (16 kg and 2.0 kg) are released simultaneously on an inclcs2.9db +pz(q*fg vteined plane that makes an angle of 30e with the horizontal. Make a statement which best describes their acceleration after bei.pt v*ecd zq+2s(gf9 bng released.

  An object sits on a fri15r4hxsvr*/ jmv9dp mctionless surface. A 16-N force is applied to the object, and it accelerates at hxmdr /vj1pr m*5 v49s$2.0 \; m/s^2$. What is the mass of the object?

  A sports car of mass 1000 kg can acceleratzt* y.qc0h: +mzvcg/ me from rest to 27 m/s in 7.0 s. What i /vcym.:cg+hz0z *tmqs the average forward force on the car?

  Starting from rest, a 4.0-kg body reaches a speed of p0syff/w jz- 8k;3vc p8.0 m/s in 2.0 s. What is the net wf08zpycsv-3;pfj k/ force acting on the body?

  An antitank weapon fires a 3.00-kg rocket which acquires a speed86uo8zyu6 :x hn y4tbhac4uai)1ii3 ww t3tz( of 50.0 m/s after triuti1uyxyo4w3 baut n:w 8h4 z86 ia c(6h3t)zaveling
90.0 cm down a launching tube. Assuming the rocket was accelerated uniformly, what is the average force acted on it?

  If you push a 4.0-kg mass with the same force thatlfh 7sgl.7s9u you push a 10-kg mass from re l77.lhs9usg fst,

  What is the mass of a person who weighs ns3z4s8rc)h-y zq,z 8muzmn 8110 lb?

  What is the mass of an object that weighs 250 N on t85 urgq 45hhgh t8*q z,b .zwd*ucg/azhe surface of the Earth where the.8zzb q8hz5g,* g/h*ut cgqda 45wr hu acceleration due to gravity is $9.80 \; m/s^2$?

  An object has a massqb*hc 0w:v4o r of 60 kg on the Earth. What is the mass of the object on the surface of the Moon where the acceleration due to gravity is only 1/6 of that on the Earth?hb:w *r40qvoc

  Object A weighs 40 N on Ea(yt5dcnqz4l:e q1tiz: lb,0xrth, and object B weighs 40 N on the Moon. The Moon's gravity is one sixth of Eart (d 1q:x4b:zenz 0lc5iyttlq,h's. Compare the masses of the objects.

  Sue and Sean are having a tug-of-war by pulling on opposite endsv 6 .md/2cgkg,fc;oxx of a 5.0-kg rope. Sue pulls with a 15-N force. What is Sean's force if the rope aoc26/x c,gvfkmdx.;g ccelerates toward Sue at $2.0 \; m/s^2$?

  A stack of books rests k0) avuyfs)nos2rqf2 -5wct: on a level frictionless surface. A force F acts on the stack, and it accelera2y:05q) os )an - uc2vstwffkrtes at $3.0 \; m/s^2$. A 1.0 kg book is then added to the stack. The same force is applied, and now the stack accelerates at $2.0 \; m/s^2$. What was the mass of the original stack?

  A person of weight 480 N stands on a scale in an elevator. What will cylk ;kh):u8 q.r)rah the scale be reading when tc 8qrhkr.)k: h a)u;ylhe elevator is accelerating downward at $4.00 \; m/s^2$?

  A person on a scale rides in an elevator. 6b 8nv4ni ,lte If the mass of the person is 60.0 kg and the elevator a,it64nbn e vl8ccelerates downward with an acceleration of $4.90 \; m/s^2$, what is the reading on the scale?

  A person on a scale rides in an elevator. If,cgt 5)v/teh f the mass of the person is 60.0 kg and the eg,t)fv5/th c elevator accelerates upward with an acceleration of $4.90 \; m/s^2$, what is the reading on the scale?

  Two horizontal forces act on a 5.0-kg mass0s8 f8w 4gnrvd2gy2k1xh:cmn. One force has a magnitude of 8.0 N and is directed due north. The second force toward the east has a magnitude of 6.0 N. What is the accele n1kx 2r0w g:s8d4vh2fmycng 8ration of the mass?

  An object of mass 6000 kg rests on the flatbed of a g5wazq;*x 3yf truck. It is held in place by metal brackets that can exert a maximum horiz5xwfa*;g3q yz ontal force of 9000 N. When the truck is traveling 15 m/s, what is the minimum stopping distance if the load is not to slide forward into the cab?

  An object of mass 6000 kg rests on the flatbed of a truck. It is held n6) eu6n+e8dk3 g xgzjin place by metal brackets that can exert a maximum horizontal force of 9000 N. When the truck is travelingu6 nx dz3+n)egkgje86 15 m/s, what is the minimum stopping time if the load is not to slide forward into the cab?

  In the Atwood machine shown in Fig. 4-1, if 4 fm*o12cmvghjpu.3j:4ktz uhuj ,9 iM = 0.60 kg and m = 0.40 kg, what is the magnitude of the acceleration of the system? (Ignore friction and the masso kjv czhm,:3f*9uj4. hmpgjituu1 42 of the pulley.)

  In the Atwood machine shown in Fig. 4p6*fpt wtrtf f)65s 5g-1, if M = 0.60 kg and m = 0.40 kg, what is the tension in the string? (Ignoretwp 6st)6f5 g5rfpft* friction and the mass of the pulley.)

  A student pulls a box of books on c; aa 1e6rxxsr +xinu;e0: .rra smooth horizontal floor with a force of 100 N in a directiacx;xrea rne1 r+si;u6x:.r0 on of $37^{\circ}$ above the horizontal. If the mass of the box and the books is 40.0 kg, what is the acceleration of the box?

  A student pulls a box e)53ao el p05sjjxpl1h 6qv9xof books on a smooth horizontal floor with a force of 100 N in a direction of 37.0e above the horizontal. If tlqvjeho 5xe6s3x9jp1 0p)a5lhe mass of the box and the books is 40.0 kg, what is the normal force on the box?

  A traffic light of weight 10. ;* 2pnur;q0xegmacm0 N is supported by two ropes as shown in Fig. 4-2. What are the tensions in the ropespg 2r*mc0;nxea. muq ;?

  In Fig. 4-2, if the tensions in the rozyqpf+9pha4qu m -w2kh( b e8.p8 0tuupes are 50 N, what is the mass of the trafthubq 9mh uk 2wy (+p 4pae8qp.f8z-u0fic light?

  Two boxes of masses m and 2m are in contaz 9u8ao, *aafpct with each other on a frictionless surface. (See Fig. 4-3.) What i9aaa8ouf , z*ps the acceleration of the more massive box?

  Two boxes of masses m and 2m are in conta t;kg 0rw(8l:a3ffr bvct with each other on a frictionless surface. (See Fig. 4-3.) What is the net force on the more massive boxl8rwrtva: 0f; 3 b(kgf?

  Two boxes of masses m and 2m are connec *ylswjy9(8/v2iyow0- pfdh +fp 3dse ted by a rope. (See Fig. 4-4.) If the forward force on the more massive box is F, what is the tension in the connecting9s sy*i3h+fe wj -2dywp(pf0yl8 vod/ rope?

  Two boxes of masses m and 2m 40j b- jnxr)pjare connected by a rope. (See Fig. 4-4.) If the forwanr) -4bj 0jpxjrd force on the more massive box is F, what is the acceleration of the less massive box?

Two boxes are connected by a cord r: 5 /aej*tejdfunning over a pulley as shown in Fig. 4-5. Box* t/: dfjeae5j I of mass
8.0 kg rest on the top of the table; the coefficient of kinetic friction between box I and the table is 0.10. Box II has a mass of 15.0 kg.
(a) Draw the free-body diagrams for the two boxes, identifying all of the forces acting on each of the masses.
(b) Calculate the acceleration of the system.
(c) Calculate the tension in the cord.

  The coefficient of static and kinetic frictions between a 3.0-kg box and a d . l,0)xr7u2pkmifubd5ihwi50 nuy,4qc g3kwesk are 0.40 and 0.30, respectively. What is the n0ui0nm phir)dc x u4li 7qw2f,ukk ywb.,55 3get force on the box when a 15 N horizontal force is applied to the box?

  The coefficients of static and kinetic fricuo.cq7/;oc*q vv. o sjq/nl4h tions for plastic on wood are 0.50 and c /*7cq4onojq .h l;uosq.vv/ 0.40,
respectively. How much horizontal force would you need to apply to a 3.0 N plastic calculator to start it moving from rest?

  An object slides on a level surface in the +x direction. Itaf +*x1 2zjkzv slows and comes to a stop with a constant acceleration of2a jzfkzx v*+1 -$2.45 \; m/s^2$. What is the coefficient of kinetic friction between the object and the floor?

  A 10-kg box sitting on a horizz npiix:(o81v ontal surface is pulled by a 5.0-N force. A 3.0-N friction force retards the motion. What is th pixnzv1o:(8i e acceleration of the object?

  A horizontal force of 5.0 N accelerates a 4.0-kg ma+)w(g c7bj2n bm*46t8 mnzopoha bu ,nss, from rest, at a rate of $0.50 \; m/s^2$ in the positive direction. What friction force acts on the mass?

  During a hockey game, a puck is;f lz7qh63ya+pcw)ul8*dk uz given an initial speed of 10 m/s. It slides 50 m on the ice before it stops. What is the coefficient of kinetic friction between the puck and thhuu;q76 8z3 dlk*)lc+ ypwfaze ice?

  During the investigation of a traffic accident, polibp 5o9dha;v9 jce find skid marks 90.0 m long. They determine the coefficient of friction betw;5hpj9 9b aovdeen the car's tires and the roadway to be 0.500 for the prevailing conditions. Estimate the speed of the car when the brakes were applied.

  Two boxes of masses m and 3m are stacked. (See Fig. 4-prdkja 9i3( 5f6.) The surface between the more massive box and the horizontal surface is smooth and the surface between the boxes is rough. If the less massive box does not slide opd5frk i j9a(3n the more massive box, what is the static friction force on the less massive box?

  Two boxes of masses m and 3m are stahbqx nf+*k0()km e3:q0c n+y ndby*bwcked. (See Fig. 4-6.) The surface between the more massive box and the horizontal surface is smooth and the surface between the boxes is rough. If the kfn :q(e hq ck*ndbx0wy+ybn3 0b+*)mless massive box does not slide on the more massive box, what is the coefficient of static friction between the boxes?

  An object is on a frictionlel xzh xk)w)wj5zv78sc uhy;1.ss inclined plane. The plane is inclined at an angle o1wx5jwl8 c .z h;x y)h)7vszukf $30^{\circ}$ with the horizontal. What is the object's acceleration?

  A 10-kg mass slides down a flat 3c;)l)q; pwp8naydn(u ivi :nhill that makes an angle of $10^{\circ}$ with the horizontal. If friction is negligible, what is the resultant force on the sled?

  A mass is placed on a smooth inclined plane qx ;kl+( 0cx, oxffds(with an angle of $37^{\circ}$ to the horizontal. If the inclined plane is 5.0-m long, how long does it take for the mass to reach the bottom of the inclined plane after it is released from rest?

A block lies on a smooth inclined plane tilted at an angl90r)eu9bq eaq2 uu,(p efgj)oe of $35^{\circ}$ to the horizontal.
(a) Draw the free-body diagram for the block.
(b) Determine the block's acceleration as it slides down the inclined plane.
(c) If the block started from rest 8.5 m up the incline from its base, determine the block's speed when it reaches the bottom of the incline.
(d) How long did it take the block to reach the bottom of the inclined plane?

  A wooden block slides directly dshtvw 1 hn2)4bp..r maown an inclined plane, at a constant velocity of 6wh.b2)tmr sp.n ha14v.0 m/s.
What is the coefficient of kinetic friction, if the plane makes an angle of $25^{\circ}$ with the horizontal?

  An object with a mass m slides do/sub /8 x ixrm8:4zgkawn a rough $37^{\circ}$ inclined plane where the coefficient of kinetic friction is 0.20. What is the acceleration of the object?

  An object with a mass m slide gvp;k1ijr g8r,+n9a5 nqm )rvs down a rough $37^{\circ}$ inclined plane where the coefficient of kinetic friction is 0.20. If the plane is 10 m long and the mass starts from rest, what will be its speed at the bottom of the plane?

  A bulldozer drags a log weighing 500 N along a rough surface. Thfujnap gt;u;jidnuku./, f6e: e1 t18e cable attacheduenk:ta fpj1eui/;j.;6gdnft1 u8,u to the log makes an angle of $30.0^{\circ}$ with the ground. The coefficient of static friction between the log and the ground is 0.500. What minimum tension is required in the cable in order for the log to begin to move?

A 25.0-kg box is released from rest on a rough inclined we1)j tillah-)e +o:bz*3ir j plane tilted at an angle il )zo hl-atj31)e*+weirb:j of $33.5^{\circ}$ to the horizontal. The coefficient of kinetic friction between the box and the inclined plane is 0.200.
(a) Draw the free-body diagram for the box.
(b) Determine the force of kinetic friction acting on the box.
(c) Determine the acceleration of the box as it slides down the inclined plane.

  An object is placed on an inclineh;) ywnwa 2;t2.mqrzid plane. The angle of incline is gradually increased until the object begins to slide. The angle at which ;ht w)rz2.nwyq2 ;mia this occurs is q. What is the coefficient of static friction between the object and the plane?