What property of water helps living organisms maintaiwoxo1nu.pzb7k:1-vx o+ay :pn their internal body temperatu7zku: 1ov.-o:p xawny1+ pobxre?

  Which of the following is not solubl mof37 ffr63gxe in water?

  What substances are attracted to water and form inte9b7t 4smjkypvx bym7f 7ix6z:u9 m0 -ermolecular bonds with water molecules? jxyfb97mtvm-iy7 9s7p0 4ze:kbxu6 m

  Which of the following is a reason for the retention oe0)nt1glkw x)n3 l .cof water on Earth?

  What is the most accepted theory for xwqr sg oopd47 ;i9atc5:)y.c the origin of water on Earth?

  What intermolecular bond is responsiblr4t7hor y0a,k e for water's cohesive, adhesive and thermal khry, 4a7 ot0rproperties?

1.Outline how hydrogen bonds formeoc iqn0 92fs m6s/1jkq*)lxk between water molecules.

2.State one of the ways how hydrophilic substances interact with water.

3.State one of the ways how non-polar molecules interact with water.

4.Distinguish cohesion and adhesion.

  Which property of water enables marine animals such as the roah1 wkabh40 2inged seal (Pusa hispida) to stay afloat in water without expending l1a02kao4h whb arge amounts of energy?

  The cohesive and adhesive propertlv -u.u v;0rpsies of water allow xylem vessels to transport water inside plan-0;vu rsp.ulv ts.

Which of the following are correct descriptions of how these properties are related to water transport in plants?

  Which of the following is a reason that the Earth is considered to be in ‘T dctivk-fkw66f-y:1 m he Goldilocks zone’, 1tv --k6wcfy6 : mkifdbut Saturn is not?

  Which of the following statemq0sv05 gqkxun +(ze a.ents about the dipolarity of the water molecule are truvqa(x5 eq+ kgu.n zs00e?
I. Oxygen attracts the shared electrons stronger than hydrogen.
II.Hydrogen atoms are partially negative.
III.The shared electrons spend more time closer to oxygen.

  Which of the following is not a reah k0e*,;qj( mmu do.ykson that scientists look for the presence of water on planetsm*dm, uy k.(qo0k ;jhe as a sign of extraterrestrial life?

  Which term to describe a property of waterb u *k vad*.2 ifyyia/dar6v;0 is matched to its correct definition?;y2a*fbrk .v a6ddiau*0i v/y

  The image shows a water strider (G. lacustris) on the sz;yk9e e(01nhb: hlgn urface of a pond. What property of wat09b1gehzy:(lnkehn ; er is not depicted in the image?

Below is a picture of a water strider (Ger cke84:jwzu/f b4syd84q oxx/rk z-m9ris sp.).


1.Explain why the water strider (Gerris sp.) does not sink.
2.Describe, using an example, the importance of water as a solvent in living organisms.

The image shows a ringed seal (Pus m58,hw;mhd c kbrp d/mp+bt0v/p6dd;a hispida) that lives in the Arctic Sea.


1.Distinguish between the physical properties of air and water that allow the seal to mostly live in the sea.
2.Ringed seals glide into the water head first from ice shelves, rather like humans diving into a pool head first. Explain the advantage of entering the water in this way rather than ‘belly-flopping’ into the water.

  An investigation was carried out.jnvn 2y2j-nb3 our3 q into the effects of household detergents on aquatic habitats. Scientists tested the effect of different household detergents on the sunu.brj 2-vjn nq2y33orface tension of water in order to better understand the impact they may have on organisms living on the surface.

A paper clip was folded slightly on one side and rested on the surface of the water, maintained at a constant temperature and contained within a water tank. Drops of detergent solution were slowly added to the water tank until the paperclip sank to the bottom. The volume of detergent solution taken to sink the paperclip was recorded.

Detergent solutions were made by adding 5 ml of detergent to 15 ml of water.


1.Describe the relationship between the volume of detergent solution added and the surface tension of water.

2.1.For the Easy Clean detergent, calculate the mean number of drops of detergent needed to sink the paper clip.
Mean =  ml
2.2.Estimate how many drops of Easy Clean detergent solution it would take to sink 5 paper clips.

3.1.State one variable, other than those given, which would need to be controlled in this experiment in order to achieve a valid result.
3.2.Suggest one method that could be used to keep the water at a constant temperature.
3.3.Explain the importance of maintaining water at a constant temperature.
3.4.Identify one potential source of error in the methodology.
4.Suggest why different numbers of drops of detergent solution were needed to sink the paperclip between each type of detergent.

  Which of the following is not a real-life examplmz3i0 ns f:8z(mr7 6rgqhva3w e of adhesion?

The image shows a cross-section of the vascular tissue of a woody dicot sf3q6n.mp,fv rtem, showing the annqrfpvmfn3,. 6 ual rings of phloem and xylem.


Explain how the properties of water allow it to be transported in the xylem.
Describe a physical property of water, other than those that are important for the movement of water through the plant, that makes water essential for the survival of plants.
Outline why plants cannot use water to transport lipids.
If the temperature drops to -1$^{\circ}$ for a few hours suggest a reason why the water in xylem may not freeze.

  The black-throated loon (Gavia a jpl(519cj2fyqs8w 9d8v ixs mrctica) is a bird that lives near large bodies of water in cold climates. Which of the following is a correct description of how the properties of water may make winter temperatures more moderate for the q9l8pif ycwjv 189j5 sxm(2ds black-throated loon?

  Which of the following statement(s) about the role of wateb v*c :d )nsxrc*gjc49r as a solvent is correc*xccbds:jv 9 *4rcg) nt?

I. Salt can dissolve in water because it is hydrophilic
II. Lipids cannot dissolve in water because they are non-polar
III. Cellulose can dissolve in water, as it is able to form hydrogen bonds

  The micrograph below shows the longitudinal cross-section of a stem from a plans 7914eab2s* hyc lxqpt in the Pinus genus. Xylem vessels are clearley c4 qpl*9s1 ab7sxh2y visible.


The xylem is composed of hollow, tube-like tissues that transport water through capillary action. What property of water explains capillary action?

The diagram shows a s1x-qdd39 lmmu:bw sk.g) ) acyolar system very similar to ours, where five planets orbit a cen k )du9cm1 a gw)-d3q:ymx.lbstral star.


1.Define the term “Goldilocks zone”.

2.1.Label with the letter R the planet that is least likely to have extraterrestrial life present.

2.2Explain reasons for your answer to part (i).

3.1.Some of the planets in this solar system have water present on them. Suggest where this water might have come from.

3.2.Explain why the planets referred to in part (i) have retained water, whereas others in this solar system have not.

4.Suggest one other biological molecule, other than water, that may be a sign of life on a planet.

  Which of the following statements explains how water has facilitated t1 bfoa2vbpvcz j,2w 0z:ki9 ll/ c2d0xhe evolution of life on Earthv 9c21co2b2dp0i/wl,z zkjl 0bvf xa: ?