What property of water helps living organisms maintain their internal body tearv( d7ne avlv r4.b.k0re9 x,mperatua, xlr vrdak7 .ee94r vb.(v0nre?

  Which of the followi/t/c aan3hwk tx2q0n h*m7qz6 ng is not soluble in water?

  What substances are attracted to water and6q1 wi 9uk(cyf form intermolecular bonds with water moleculi(yfq k6cuw19 es?

  Which of the following is a reason for the retention of water on E7bbis7ynijm/p o13 ; karth?

  What is the most accepted theory for the origin of water on Earz9txyxyf :sex3k.7 7dth?

  What intermolecular bond is responm7 b4wc77vpjgdonac5/3( t disible for water's cohesive, adhesive and thermal propertp7 mn/7b ccwg75d 4v3(jaid toies?

1.Outline how hydrogen 4 l l6do6o3eh/n8bilbbonds form between water molecules.

2.State one of the ways how hydrophilic substances interact with water.

3.State one of the ways how non-polar molecules interact with water.

4.Distinguish cohesion and adhesion.

  Which property of water enables marinei7eqaiyl /5 b5 animals such as the ringed seal (Pusa hispida) to stay afloat in water without expending large amounts of ei5laqeby 5 /7inergy?

  The cohesive and adhesive properties of water wrgh blor n96)3l/6pb0,g,,dkao kn hallow xylem vessels to transport water inside plantspwog bl9, 3 hldnn,a6/bhro rkg6,)k0.

Which of the following are correct descriptions of how these properties are related to water transport in plants?

  Which of the following is a reason that the Earth is considered te( k(0 ltzw4rrl2 fzx7o be in ‘The Goldilocks fkl 47(zz erl(0wx2r tzone’, but Saturn is not?

  Which of the following statements about the dz. v ekret33ui+2+cf bipolarity of the water molecule are ter33 zbv +fc+e iktu2.rue?
I. Oxygen attracts the shared electrons stronger than hydrogen.
II.Hydrogen atoms are partially negative.
III.The shared electrons spend more time closer to oxygen.

  Which of the following is not a 1ju) t l)yqzt:xgn dd;+g7tl6reason that scientists look for the presence of water on planets as a sign of e q; t dz+ull 76)1tjtn:gd)xygxtraterrestrial life?

  Which term to describe a propers0+ : vbgyoa*s(,utt 1puye1uty of water is matched to its correct definition?1b*as+pu( g yevsuyt, u1 :0to

  The image shows a water strider (G. lacustris) on the surfacupxu8s6 y:w( : vtkkq5e of a pond. What property of water is not depicv 6tpk:ky q:u58xw(us ted in the image?

Below is a picture of a w9aj 9rv8sprgvhr *37 mk,dixz /qo7e:ater strider (Gerris sp.).


1.Explain why the water strider (Gerris sp.) does not sink.
2.Describe, using an example, the importance of water as a solvent in living organisms.

The image shows a ringed seal (Pusa hispida) that lives in the Acn;f3h7zr;1z3ner w po0ai1xl+;q y erctic Sea.


1.Distinguish between the physical properties of air and water that allow the seal to mostly live in the sea.
2.Ringed seals glide into the water head first from ice shelves, rather like humans diving into a pool head first. Explain the advantage of entering the water in this way rather than ‘belly-flopping’ into the water.

  An investigation was carried out into the effn*6p hjdr:f -sau hf/3c29qgrects of household detergents on aquatic habitats. Scientists testedf rj3afhrsp*6:q2dch-9n/ug the effect of different household detergents on the surface tension of water in order to better understand the impact they may have on organisms living on the surface.

A paper clip was folded slightly on one side and rested on the surface of the water, maintained at a constant temperature and contained within a water tank. Drops of detergent solution were slowly added to the water tank until the paperclip sank to the bottom. The volume of detergent solution taken to sink the paperclip was recorded.

Detergent solutions were made by adding 5 ml of detergent to 15 ml of water.


1.Describe the relationship between the volume of detergent solution added and the surface tension of water.

2.1.For the Easy Clean detergent, calculate the mean number of drops of detergent needed to sink the paper clip.
Mean =  ml
2.2.Estimate how many drops of Easy Clean detergent solution it would take to sink 5 paper clips.

3.1.State one variable, other than those given, which would need to be controlled in this experiment in order to achieve a valid result.
3.2.Suggest one method that could be used to keep the water at a constant temperature.
3.3.Explain the importance of maintaining water at a constant temperature.
3.4.Identify one potential source of error in the methodology.
4.Suggest why different numbers of drops of detergent solution were needed to sink the paperclip between each type of detergent.

  Which of the following is not a real-life examplzu8) it3i3uukpqi x uch9-8w5e of adhesion?

The image shows a cross-section of the vasawvpb sq// t5(cular tissue of a woody dicot stem, showing t/qw as/ tbp(v5he annual rings of phloem and xylem.


Explain how the properties of water allow it to be transported in the xylem.
Describe a physical property of water, other than those that are important for the movement of water through the plant, that makes water essential for the survival of plants.
Outline why plants cannot use water to transport lipids.
If the temperature drops to -1$^{\circ}$ for a few hours suggest a reason why the water in xylem may not freeze.

  The black-throated loon (Gavia arctica) is a bird that lives near largeei1 7t,qr5kstz u2ig;qhi9xd)a (si 5 bodies of water in cold climates. Which of the following is a correct description of how the properties of tq i2 hz)i ,g5x1ksrduie5(9iat; qs7 water may make winter temperatures more moderate for the black-throated loon?

  Which of the following statement(s) about the role of water as a mqu( 833 rlglfb(u2n osolvent is correct l(blg r28 3uq(ou3mnf?

I. Salt can dissolve in water because it is hydrophilic
II. Lipids cannot dissolve in water because they are non-polar
III. Cellulose can dissolve in water, as it is able to form hydrogen bonds

  The micrograph below shows the longitudinal cross-section of a stem from a play2xea88t ha2jnh xy4q :vpa1. nt in the Pinus ge a 8t4eqnhy aj2hav81xy p.x:2nus. Xylem vessels are clearly visible.


The xylem is composed of hollow, tube-like tissues that transport water through capillary action. What property of water explains capillary action?

The diagram shows a solar system very similar to4em 6d r- kjdzn+0twj8 ours, where five planets orbit a centralm wrj6enz 0tj8d-d 4+k star.


1.Define the term “Goldilocks zone”.

2.1.Label with the letter R the planet that is least likely to have extraterrestrial life present.

2.2Explain reasons for your answer to part (i).

3.1.Some of the planets in this solar system have water present on them. Suggest where this water might have come from.

3.2.Explain why the planets referred to in part (i) have retained water, whereas others in this solar system have not.

4.Suggest one other biological molecule, other than water, that may be a sign of life on a planet.

  Which of the following statements explains how water has facilitated the ug-+w*5 cepxyx,re3: f 7c lugevolution of life on Ear ,u 3x*5 gr: +e7elg-fucwyxpcth?