What property of water helps living organisms maintain thes o88r5j ey9fdir internal body temperf s589dr eyj8oature?

  Which of the following is not solublrekbvt*gp9;5tumv lz n69 . 9a8,wpymm.p6coe in water?

  What substances are attracted to water and form intermolecular ikn p;c x)4y:lbonds with water pixl:k;4)ncymolecules?

  Which of the following is a reason for the retention of water on ;h-i3n;m4ln del0/b zw ev:i yEarth?

  What is the most accepted theory for 5qb.r** qexj othe origin of water on Earth?

  What intermolecular bond is responsible for water's cohd(r;sceepqe m,7e /9vwb 2 ru+esive, adhesive and thermal propertiesd /see7p2 ;b+ewu(verq mr9, c?

1.Outline how hydrogen bonds form betweenj;)j-rrxq8vx) ryvn7 water molecules.

2.State one of the ways how hydrophilic substances interact with water.

3.State one of the ways how non-polar molecules interact with water.

4.Distinguish cohesion and adhesion.

  Which property of water enables marine animals such as the ringed seal (Pusa8eysjxww* 9 5q c;)jub hispida) to stay afloat in water without expending large amounts ow 58b9xqy jw ;s)ucej*f energy?

  The cohesive and adhesive properties of p h;-eqak .:itzn,)ofm;d3 puwater allow xylem vessels to transport water i;iump:-nhqtz3a)f .e ;ko , dpnside plants.

Which of the following are correct descriptions of how these properties are related to water transport in plants?

  Which of the following is a reason that the Earth is considered bi+ q;: r-hqypto be in ‘The Goldilocks zoqypb -i:;hr +qne’, but Saturn is not?

  Which of the following statements abo-bo)c/ k c8mmfut the dipolarity of the water molecule are tk 8bcm)/fom -crue?
I. Oxygen attracts the shared electrons stronger than hydrogen.
II.Hydrogen atoms are partially negative.
III.The shared electrons spend more time closer to oxygen.

  Which of the followinuyyiyd 0l-r9kd 0d. (dg is not a reason that scientists look for the presence of water on pla0( d9ydy udd0l-k iry.nets as a sign of extraterrestrial life?

  Which term to describe a property of water is matched to its correct def*9*jc1ip0h70a 6upd ez tj bkxinition?p dxuj97b j0 z1*ch60 pteiak*

  The image shows a water strider (G. lacustris) on t:/s a dgc5yvh7p9 6whp9y;y vjhe surface of a pond. What property of water is not depicteyy 7wv ghd v;6p 95y/ajcps:h9d in the image?

Below is a picture of a water strider (Gejkeqfe (4y(rnx1 8l(a6ibbrt (5b sv *rris sp.).


1.Explain why the water strider (Gerris sp.) does not sink.
2.Describe, using an example, the importance of water as a solvent in living organisms.

The image shows a ringed seal (Pusa h(1g a 6flbawv9v2ge6wmy 1he9f w79igispida) that lives in the Arctic Sea.


1.Distinguish between the physical properties of air and water that allow the seal to mostly live in the sea.
2.Ringed seals glide into the water head first from ice shelves, rather like humans diving into a pool head first. Explain the advantage of entering the water in this way rather than ‘belly-flopping’ into the water.

  An investigation was carried out into tlwh7v9f lp n;ch l+r71he effects of household detergents on aquatic habitats. Scientists tested the effect of different household detergents on the surface tension of water in order to better understand the impact they may have on org;1w7c pl +hl7nhrvfl 9anisms living on the surface.

A paper clip was folded slightly on one side and rested on the surface of the water, maintained at a constant temperature and contained within a water tank. Drops of detergent solution were slowly added to the water tank until the paperclip sank to the bottom. The volume of detergent solution taken to sink the paperclip was recorded.

Detergent solutions were made by adding 5 ml of detergent to 15 ml of water.


1.Describe the relationship between the volume of detergent solution added and the surface tension of water.

2.1.For the Easy Clean detergent, calculate the mean number of drops of detergent needed to sink the paper clip.
Mean =  ml
2.2.Estimate how many drops of Easy Clean detergent solution it would take to sink 5 paper clips.

3.1.State one variable, other than those given, which would need to be controlled in this experiment in order to achieve a valid result.
3.2.Suggest one method that could be used to keep the water at a constant temperature.
3.3.Explain the importance of maintaining water at a constant temperature.
3.4.Identify one potential source of error in the methodology.
4.Suggest why different numbers of drops of detergent solution were needed to sink the paperclip between each type of detergent.

  Which of the following q 1 ,46edtnua9t ,qjdcis not a real-life example of adhesion?

The image shows a cross-section of the vascu 9oqd oa /lg1-eb35dbhlar tissue of a woody dicot stem, showing the annual rings of phloem- b eg35d9/lb odahq1o and xylem.


Explain how the properties of water allow it to be transported in the xylem.
Describe a physical property of water, other than those that are important for the movement of water through the plant, that makes water essential for the survival of plants.
Outline why plants cannot use water to transport lipids.
If the temperature drops to -1$^{\circ}$ for a few hours suggest a reason why the water in xylem may not freeze.

  The black-throated loon (Gavia arctica) is a bird that lives near l:ur py)s pa(-aarge bodies of water in cold climates. Which of the following is a correct description of how the properties of water may make winter temperatures more moderate fop :)(aar-yus pr the black-throated loon?

  Which of the following statement(s) about the ro5i -xy0o- ixaole of water as a solvent is correc0 -oxi5 oi-xayt?

I. Salt can dissolve in water because it is hydrophilic
II. Lipids cannot dissolve in water because they are non-polar
III. Cellulose can dissolve in water, as it is able to form hydrogen bonds

  The micrograph below shows the longitudinal cross-section of a stem fr9v) );ignvzu jom a plant in the 9z vgju)inv );Pinus genus. Xylem vessels are clearly visible.


The xylem is composed of hollow, tube-like tissues that transport water through capillary action. What property of water explains capillary action?

The diagram shows a solar system very simi7zch; u -pjzn8t vh06ilar to ours, where five planets orbit a central star. 8 7j6ih0vz-c zh ;tunp


1.Define the term “Goldilocks zone”.

2.1.Label with the letter R the planet that is least likely to have extraterrestrial life present.

2.2Explain reasons for your answer to part (i).

3.1.Some of the planets in this solar system have water present on them. Suggest where this water might have come from.

3.2.Explain why the planets referred to in part (i) have retained water, whereas others in this solar system have not.

4.Suggest one other biological molecule, other than water, that may be a sign of life on a planet.

  Which of the following statements explains how watkmd) gp2 )9lqcer has facilitated the evolutionm 2 cqkp)ld9)g of life on Earth?