What property of water helps living orga6 x tiupv9b-a,nisms maintain their internal body temper6 ib,t-u axp9vature?

  Which of the following *ap,4jjlep/ic y+ p(g is not soluble in water?

  What substances are attracted to water and form intu -q;d os ud vuqs5i;u5qc*.;uermolecular bonds with water molecu5qu-u ;cui. ; qsd*usu qod5;vles?

  Which of the following is a reason for the retention kc:na:)/j 2cx,eizc jof water on Earth?

  What is the most accepted theory for the origin of water on Eaujm*t )4j 8bdjrth?

  What intermolecular bond is responsible for water's cohesaj1)gx7x e9l vive, adhesive and thermal propertie)xja19e g7 xvls?

1.Outline how hydrogul..fcf+i*-v fhs a5 cckv3/o en bonds form between water molecules.

2.State one of the ways how hydrophilic substances interact with water.

3.State one of the ways how non-polar molecules interact with water.

4.Distinguish cohesion and adhesion.

  Which property of water enables marine animals such as the.qij;ds; +idc ringed seal (Pusa hispida) to stay afloat in water without expending large amountidc.+jsqi;d; s of energy?

  The cohesive and adhesive pr/pjza +r1s s:yhd o*t4operties of water allow xylem vessels to transport w* /h:za41osdyr sp+ jtater inside plants.

Which of the following are correct descriptions of how these properties are related to water transport in plants?

  Which of the following is a reason that the Earth is considered to be i7,/fv 1t vvxgwn ‘The Goldilocks zone’, but Saturvgx7 v1f t,wv/n is not?

  Which of the following statements about the dipolarity of the water molecui-4 f, 07xrfpq 8pcfhyle are yp7, -p08x hfffc4rqi true?
I. Oxygen attracts the shared electrons stronger than hydrogen.
II.Hydrogen atoms are partially negative.
III.The shared electrons spend more time closer to oxygen.

  Which of the following is not a reason that scientists look fonb(x0 mdra/ s))hkijke afc7 1 9vq8a8r the presence of water on planets as a sign of extr7e da)1jkv q nir)bf (0hs/c98 8kmaaxaterrestrial life?

  Which term to describe a property of water is matched to itravjn2b18xm i4 x2 2fxs correct definition?22i nmj82v x4xa1brf x

  The image shows a water strider (G. lacustris) on the surface of a pond. Whad,qqn4ii5d* z9q(ycllxz)jm 5:oin + t property of water is n,5l nqiz) z+94dolii5jdm:q* qcn (yxot depicted in the image?

Below is a picture of a water ms nj 01ppb98(b*a9.l wnf4 zdmri5sn strider (Gerris sp.).


1.Explain why the water strider (Gerris sp.) does not sink.
2.Describe, using an example, the importance of water as a solvent in living organisms.

The image shows a ringed 1 ;wq1: w;oi1+ uu- rgwmdqbmxseal (Pusa hispida) that lives in the Arctic Sea.


1.Distinguish between the physical properties of air and water that allow the seal to mostly live in the sea.
2.Ringed seals glide into the water head first from ice shelves, rather like humans diving into a pool head first. Explain the advantage of entering the water in this way rather than ‘belly-flopping’ into the water.

  An investigation was carried out into the effects of household detergents on aquns7m.bubt6 jq1 us ;z;atbz 1m s ;;qu6jbn.s7tuic habitats. Scientists tested the effect of different household detergents on the surface tension of water in order to better understand the impact they may have on organisms living on the surface.

A paper clip was folded slightly on one side and rested on the surface of the water, maintained at a constant temperature and contained within a water tank. Drops of detergent solution were slowly added to the water tank until the paperclip sank to the bottom. The volume of detergent solution taken to sink the paperclip was recorded.

Detergent solutions were made by adding 5 ml of detergent to 15 ml of water.


1.Describe the relationship between the volume of detergent solution added and the surface tension of water.

2.1.For the Easy Clean detergent, calculate the mean number of drops of detergent needed to sink the paper clip.
Mean =  ml
2.2.Estimate how many drops of Easy Clean detergent solution it would take to sink 5 paper clips.

3.1.State one variable, other than those given, which would need to be controlled in this experiment in order to achieve a valid result.
3.2.Suggest one method that could be used to keep the water at a constant temperature.
3.3.Explain the importance of maintaining water at a constant temperature.
3.4.Identify one potential source of error in the methodology.
4.Suggest why different numbers of drops of detergent solution were needed to sink the paperclip between each type of detergent.

  Which of the following is not a real-life examp4y 0(hb/nxnbtgq+z j2le of adhesion?

The image shows a cross-sectjm qt-62uqiz *ion of the vascular tissue of a woody dicot stem, showingju-6q z 2mi*qt the annual rings of phloem and xylem.


Explain how the properties of water allow it to be transported in the xylem.
Describe a physical property of water, other than those that are important for the movement of water through the plant, that makes water essential for the survival of plants.
Outline why plants cannot use water to transport lipids.
If the temperature drops to -1$^{\circ}$ for a few hours suggest a reason why the water in xylem may not freeze.

  The black-throated loon (Gavia arctica) is a bb9 cqg s-p2;ggird that lives near large bodies of water in cold climates. Which of the following is a correct description of how the properties of water may make winter temperatures more moderate for the black-thro29sc- qbgp;ggated loon?

  Which of the following statement(s) about the r1yy7l ugb8u/w-ob4 9eew,wvv ole of water as a solvent is correct? oyeeww8/vlbg b -,49w7 vu1yu

I. Salt can dissolve in water because it is hydrophilic
II. Lipids cannot dissolve in water because they are non-polar
III. Cellulose can dissolve in water, as it is able to form hydrogen bonds

  The micrograph below showbtb.9t afal2x49v;qb s the longitudinal cross-section of a stem from a plant in the Pinusl x4t 9t9. aafq2bb;vb genus. Xylem vessels are clearly visible.


The xylem is composed of hollow, tube-like tissues that transport water through capillary action. What property of water explains capillary action?

The diagram shows a solar system very similar to ours, iwz -ao uv bj1*r2)o;jwhere five planets orbit a cena2rz- i1 bw*ojouv ;)jtral star.


1.Define the term “Goldilocks zone”.

2.1.Label with the letter R the planet that is least likely to have extraterrestrial life present.

2.2Explain reasons for your answer to part (i).

3.1.Some of the planets in this solar system have water present on them. Suggest where this water might have come from.

3.2.Explain why the planets referred to in part (i) have retained water, whereas others in this solar system have not.

4.Suggest one other biological molecule, other than water, that may be a sign of life on a planet.

  Which of the following statements explains how water has fac9z6m:rj nue0 dilitated the evolution of life on Earthr9 :dj0m6en uz?