What property of wato v2tyrl b nc6)+br1u.er helps living organisms maintain their internal body temperatrl2)b6.t b1y +v rcuonure?

  Which of the following is not soluble in wwpm+k/sbt9tx ; j :dowg ;7gr2y5; inqater?

  What substances are attracted to water and form intermolecular bonds with1-o6cgfu auvvkonc:. (5jg/h water molccoa.6(k5ujg:go /v1uhnvf-ecules?

  Which of the following is a reason for the retention of w pk sxc8+q7; yt,.:lusarq6ev/yxne 8 ater on Earth?

  What is the most accepted theory for the origin of water on Earth?2 ) t6 linblomgh1bb30

  What intermolecular bond is responsible for water's cohesive, adhemq-eiw ( nm+xi xc,z6.jny5i*iea- :usive and thermal+ ii-xw ma: -i,(*imqx6n ec5ez.juyn properties?

1.Outline how hydrogen bok1 p:j/ v tj:: x5aihejfr6r 6p1b/umqnds form between water molecules.

2.State one of the ways how hydrophilic substances interact with water.

3.State one of the ways how non-polar molecules interact with water.

4.Distinguish cohesion and adhesion.

  Which property of water enables marwtn+x5a0g)e.a yb3 ml ine animals such as the ringed seal (Pusa hispida) to stay afloat in water wn0ag.b )m al3ty5ewx+ ithout expending large amounts of energy?

  The cohesive and adhesive properties of water allow xym o wwv) u1tpw9e;*-nblem vessels to transport water inside plantswuw1-p onmte v); b9w*.

Which of the following are correct descriptions of how these properties are related to water transport in plants?

  Which of the following is dxt iiwd,-)y8a reason that the Earth is considered to be in ‘The Goldilocks zone’, but Saturn 8d iyx)id,-wtis not?

  Which of the following statements about the dipwf - qw4a3:lmsolarity of the water molecule are s f:m l-wwq3a4true?
I. Oxygen attracts the shared electrons stronger than hydrogen.
II.Hydrogen atoms are partially negative.
III.The shared electrons spend more time closer to oxygen.

  Which of the following is not a reason that scientists utjd:s2yt 7g)jtw +g/look for the presence of water /t)2 w jj+ugtsdt:7y gon planets as a sign of extraterrestrial life?

  Which term to describe a property of water is matched to its corrmdfi44*z umhzh ejd5 715n0orect definition?j* o4z5ur mfnez4 d5i0m 17dhh

  The image shows a water stum 0h ,q0)/qinvvwv; mrider (G. lacustris) on the surface of a pond. What property of watqunvhmvw ,0v)/q0im;er is not depicted in the image?

Below is a picture of a wate1y96r aaodp6nr strider (Gerris sp.).


1.Explain why the water strider (Gerris sp.) does not sink.
2.Describe, using an example, the importance of water as a solvent in living organisms.

The image shows a ringed seabgtd*xn5:0c ; n :fopg, hh3cyl (Pusa hispida) that lives in the Arctic Sea.


1.Distinguish between the physical properties of air and water that allow the seal to mostly live in the sea.
2.Ringed seals glide into the water head first from ice shelves, rather like humans diving into a pool head first. Explain the advantage of entering the water in this way rather than ‘belly-flopping’ into the water.

  An investigation was carried out into the effects of household deip3; ; zbb9mkw5sp1l )h yxzj9tergents on aquatic habitats. Scientists tkpz h1 xzib5;p3j)m l9ybs9; wested the effect of different household detergents on the surface tension of water in order to better understand the impact they may have on organisms living on the surface.

A paper clip was folded slightly on one side and rested on the surface of the water, maintained at a constant temperature and contained within a water tank. Drops of detergent solution were slowly added to the water tank until the paperclip sank to the bottom. The volume of detergent solution taken to sink the paperclip was recorded.

Detergent solutions were made by adding 5 ml of detergent to 15 ml of water.


1.Describe the relationship between the volume of detergent solution added and the surface tension of water.

2.1.For the Easy Clean detergent, calculate the mean number of drops of detergent needed to sink the paper clip.
Mean =  ml
2.2.Estimate how many drops of Easy Clean detergent solution it would take to sink 5 paper clips.

3.1.State one variable, other than those given, which would need to be controlled in this experiment in order to achieve a valid result.
3.2.Suggest one method that could be used to keep the water at a constant temperature.
3.3.Explain the importance of maintaining water at a constant temperature.
3.4.Identify one potential source of error in the methodology.
4.Suggest why different numbers of drops of detergent solution were needed to sink the paperclip between each type of detergent.

  Which of the followin9l ; /u9l7g2f9rc j0nqzsufv05b2k, bsidqpg g is not a real-life example of adhesion?

The image shows a cross t/2q0q8ytyr4y/kqo+abc r6n-section of the vascular tissue of a woody dicot stem, showing the annual rings of kbarcyo0 qqy+8rq4t2y /t6/nphloem and xylem.


Explain how the properties of water allow it to be transported in the xylem.
Describe a physical property of water, other than those that are important for the movement of water through the plant, that makes water essential for the survival of plants.
Outline why plants cannot use water to transport lipids.
If the temperature drops to -1$^{\circ}$ for a few hours suggest a reason why the water in xylem may not freeze.

  The black-throated loon (Gavia arctica) is a b(.mls n7h i6o g-6 jd3y,bdgalird that lives near large bodies of water in cold climates. Which of the following is a correct descriptilagi6bmjg - s (3ln.7 dhd,o6yon of how the properties of water may make winter temperatures more moderate for the black-throated loon?

  Which of the following statement(s) about thu2 sjmnim)2,sk7 n;r ie role of water as a solvent is correct?i72mnmjs2su; ,rn) ki

I. Salt can dissolve in water because it is hydrophilic
II. Lipids cannot dissolve in water because they are non-polar
III. Cellulose can dissolve in water, as it is able to form hydrogen bonds

  The micrograph below shows the longitudinal cross-section of a vq(ql2cm2cuniq,6 v +stem from a plant in the Pinus genuqu 2vlcv,q+62mnc(qis. Xylem vessels are clearly visible.


The xylem is composed of hollow, tube-like tissues that transport water through capillary action. What property of water explains capillary action?

The diagram shows a solar system very similar to our ba;bz2lvf. s3lxh8-as, where five planets orbit a centrb32h l; 8fv-l axaz.bsal star.


1.Define the term “Goldilocks zone”.

2.1.Label with the letter R the planet that is least likely to have extraterrestrial life present.

2.2Explain reasons for your answer to part (i).

3.1.Some of the planets in this solar system have water present on them. Suggest where this water might have come from.

3.2.Explain why the planets referred to in part (i) have retained water, whereas others in this solar system have not.

4.Suggest one other biological molecule, other than water, that may be a sign of life on a planet.

  Which of the following statements es)ug.6j0ac juxplains how water has facilitated the evolution of life on Ear gasj.u uc0j)6th?