What property of water hnjsuj+ u dv-o*6a)m* ln+ny/ya ig7 ;selps living organisms maintain their internal body tempev u-j+ia *)gymds+ls* no/j7;y nn 6uarature?

  Which of the following is not ,nd i::2j(krtr ysy) wz;tf q4soluble in water?

  What substances are attracted to wi/7b nqkkkx9/ater and form intermolecular bonds with water moleculesxin //kkqk9b 7?

  Which of the following is a reason for the retention of w6mg*x5 8m x66rx+vbbuldt/u fater on Earth?

  What is the most accepted theory f5i1e /do* cjqr,:bvh2 nw wah.f mc:v5or the origin of water on Earth?

  What intermolecular bond is responsible for water's cohesive, adhesive a .la)f gqsir;3nd thermal pqs ga3ifr ;.l)roperties?

1.Outline how hydrogen bonds form between water molec .bc-spe/ne r-irvx e;)yj:w)ules.

2.State one of the ways how hydrophilic substances interact with water.

3.State one of the ways how non-polar molecules interact with water.

4.Distinguish cohesion and adhesion.

  Which property of water enables t,8cwpl 5 .uegmarine animals such as the ringed seal (Pusa hispida) to stay afloat in water withoue8,c5t.p lugwt expending large amounts of energy?

  The cohesive and adhesive pg.zwqo(awweox ;552 kroperties of water allow xylem vessels to transport wate5kxe gw;zaw2.owoq5( r inside plants.

Which of the following are correct descriptions of how these properties are related to water transport in plants?

  Which of the following is a reason that thei 69w.qz wyekrt,s*/bs 8wco1 Earth is considered to be in ‘The Goldilocks zone’, but So/wiy1sq9b ,6k*wscwze t r8 .aturn is not?

  Which of the following xgi,/ )h.c z7 micyig9statements about the dipolarity of the water molecule are trugz .chixy9 ii/)m,cg7 e?
I. Oxygen attracts the shared electrons stronger than hydrogen.
II.Hydrogen atoms are partially negative.
III.The shared electrons spend more time closer to oxygen.

  Which of the following is not a reason that scientists look for the presence of jekm(+ b5 eb1cwater on planets a1(5mbbec +kje s a sign of extraterrestrial life?

  Which term to describe a property of water is matched to its correci/6 cgiz l.lj5 t .4qrn05chpfv2cse +t definition? 6jie.n+tc pf25rslizq/ 0.5v4cc l gh

  The image shows a water strider (G. lac+h(l i*ol dr+ :f.joeuustris) on the surface of a pond. What property of water is u.:*j dfr+o +lhielo(not depicted in the image?

Below is a picture of a wate2zzxv 1p1o ek 1)sirn -7 k/ahzuw4i3rr strider (Gerris sp.).


1.Explain why the water strider (Gerris sp.) does not sink.
2.Describe, using an example, the importance of water as a solvent in living organisms.

The image shows a ringed seal (Pzu72oe 8 1o9yqvh.lu3gydy ij;fdm4 )usa hispida) that lives in the Arctic Sea.


1.Distinguish between the physical properties of air and water that allow the seal to mostly live in the sea.
2.Ringed seals glide into the water head first from ice shelves, rather like humans diving into a pool head first. Explain the advantage of entering the water in this way rather than ‘belly-flopping’ into the water.

  An investigation was carried out into the effects of/ c zrcb3;8ogfieoi.w/)ny b5 household detergents on aquatic habitats. Scientists tested the effect of different household detergents on thzi;.cew b ogyb8o/ r)nc3if5/e surface tension of water in order to better understand the impact they may have on organisms living on the surface.

A paper clip was folded slightly on one side and rested on the surface of the water, maintained at a constant temperature and contained within a water tank. Drops of detergent solution were slowly added to the water tank until the paperclip sank to the bottom. The volume of detergent solution taken to sink the paperclip was recorded.

Detergent solutions were made by adding 5 ml of detergent to 15 ml of water.


1.Describe the relationship between the volume of detergent solution added and the surface tension of water.

2.1.For the Easy Clean detergent, calculate the mean number of drops of detergent needed to sink the paper clip.
Mean =  ml
2.2.Estimate how many drops of Easy Clean detergent solution it would take to sink 5 paper clips.

3.1.State one variable, other than those given, which would need to be controlled in this experiment in order to achieve a valid result.
3.2.Suggest one method that could be used to keep the water at a constant temperature.
3.3.Explain the importance of maintaining water at a constant temperature.
3.4.Identify one potential source of error in the methodology.
4.Suggest why different numbers of drops of detergent solution were needed to sink the paperclip between each type of detergent.

  Which of the following is not a real-life example of adhecr1z9r4et-m- xgau1 a sion?

The image shows a cross-section of thea7(1tyqh nd26c75ibmr t/a gc vascular tissue of a woody dicot stem, showing the annual rings i2 c5cd7ya 16qgn( hab 7tm/trof phloem and xylem.


Explain how the properties of water allow it to be transported in the xylem.
Describe a physical property of water, other than those that are important for the movement of water through the plant, that makes water essential for the survival of plants.
Outline why plants cannot use water to transport lipids.
If the temperature drops to -1$^{\circ}$ for a few hours suggest a reason why the water in xylem may not freeze.

  The black-throated loon (Gavia arctz zzpnek b/b588z ;k,mica) is a bird that lives near large bodies of water in cold climates. Which of the following is a correct description of how the properties of water may make winter temperatures more moderate for the black-throated 5zzm 8k z,zbp nkb;/8eloon?

  Which of the following statement(s) about the role of watsy bx sp+ syww7r,k(1 nb46(iaer as a solvent is correct? sx1w,((+y4sbs 7nw6bpraiyk

I. Salt can dissolve in water because it is hydrophilic
II. Lipids cannot dissolve in water because they are non-polar
III. Cellulose can dissolve in water, as it is able to form hydrogen bonds

  The micrograph below shows the longitudinal cross-section of a stem d y7:6qardq,gt(x :c jfrom a plant idcj:,gxq r6qd(y7 :tan the Pinus genus. Xylem vessels are clearly visible.


The xylem is composed of hollow, tube-like tissues that transport water through capillary action. What property of water explains capillary action?

The diagram shows a solar system vef g owc/45 hl/smb+v(lry similar to ours, where five planets orbit a central hc l wlm //vog4bs+5f(star.


1.Define the term “Goldilocks zone”.

2.1.Label with the letter R the planet that is least likely to have extraterrestrial life present.

2.2Explain reasons for your answer to part (i).

3.1.Some of the planets in this solar system have water present on them. Suggest where this water might have come from.

3.2.Explain why the planets referred to in part (i) have retained water, whereas others in this solar system have not.

4.Suggest one other biological molecule, other than water, that may be a sign of life on a planet.

  Which of the following statements explains how water has facili csefc:rpe q2*vi; 5d9 r)ves 54z0ycfff:j x2tated the evolution of life o5j2 4rrf*s;xdi9c5 qyf 0sp2 zcf)ve :ef e:cvn Earth?