What property of water helps living orgacaa jz2*psrxedc x663 1 qpj,5nisms maintain their internal body temperaturx 1 asp6jra2,6dq5c pex*jcz3e?

  Which of the following e 9jzbw4ipg(-k 3a1ko ish;k-q2y4vuis not soluble in water?

  What substances are attracted to water and form intermolecular jt -fngl/z++sbonds with water moleclfntz+j + g-/sules?

  Which of the following is a reason for the retentim (rhhlk-k5 snud4 uo. :*zeyo0j(8 iorc;mb2on of water on Earth?

  What is the most accepted theory for the oriyvxpnyn4 c o(6lt8-;egin of water on Earth?

  What intermolecular bond is responsible ;f ;b x:o/lvk:cpy1mrk;3kp pfor water's cohesive, adhesive and thermal properties?b xkr op;km;c/ :fpkv:3 p;1yl

1.Outline how hydrogen bonds form bvjb3+t+7/.lpe y wnjack ;.zpetween water molecules.

2.State one of the ways how hydrophilic substances interact with water.

3.State one of the ways how non-polar molecules interact with water.

4.Distinguish cohesion and adhesion.

  Which property of water enablesonk45 uja(c mo(j njno ;n;c0.;wi)l k marine animals such as the ringed seal (Pusa hispida) to stay afloat in water wit5n)jok4ijcj oa lc0.(;(;nmn; uw konhout expending large amounts of energy?

  The cohesive and adhesive properties of water allow xylem vessels to transport hwrxyazq:;oi/:xtf ,ba -4pi hvwb1jv o5+8* water inside *iyf-x8 jqo 1r5pa o4/+hbt:a ih vxvw w,;:zbplants.

Which of the following are correct descriptions of how these properties are related to water transport in plants?

  Which of the following is a reason tha3.8xlv xjfs4kza9f6b t the Earth is considered to be in ‘The Goldilocks3v blfxf9s4 6 8.xazkj zone’, but Saturn is not?

  Which of the following statements about the dipolarity off,w,l c co7an4d2on9q the water molecule are trun 7 ooqf 49lw,c,c2dnae?
I. Oxygen attracts the shared electrons stronger than hydrogen.
II.Hydrogen atoms are partially negative.
III.The shared electrons spend more time closer to oxygen.

  Which of the following is not a reason that scientists look for the mb5 )btv al9w2u3v mqm/sq*-tt:+vvepresence of water on planets as a : )tqmb2v/vvt3*9 +muwq5mevbs-at lsign of extraterrestrial life?

  Which term to describe a property of waterxns1avu6y .rdq8);kaz zo(v; is matched to its correct definition? 8znd o zv.1 vr);kqs6(ayuxa;

  The image shows a water strider (G. lacustris) on the surface of a pogpwjfv9 ; j 2uwgbog/u1uwic; 02+ mn1nd. What property of nojw/;i+g1 fvmcwwj;u1 p2 2bu 9gu0g water is not depicted in the image?

Below is a picture of a 6uw h2a-qdfst4j e5xkzw1 e-1water strider (Gerris sp.).


1.Explain why the water strider (Gerris sp.) does not sink.
2.Describe, using an example, the importance of water as a solvent in living organisms.

The image shows a ringed seal (Pusa hispida) that libd-j f984 jwpnko+)roves in the Arctic Sea.


1.Distinguish between the physical properties of air and water that allow the seal to mostly live in the sea.
2.Ringed seals glide into the water head first from ice shelves, rather like humans diving into a pool head first. Explain the advantage of entering the water in this way rather than ‘belly-flopping’ into the water.

  An investigation was carried out into the effects of household det 4 u(d oixk1xt:4whzkb*y2d9dergents on aquatic habitats. Scientists tested the effect of different household detergents on the surface tension:4yd(1 x24d woh9 zkt*b dikux of water in order to better understand the impact they may have on organisms living on the surface.

A paper clip was folded slightly on one side and rested on the surface of the water, maintained at a constant temperature and contained within a water tank. Drops of detergent solution were slowly added to the water tank until the paperclip sank to the bottom. The volume of detergent solution taken to sink the paperclip was recorded.

Detergent solutions were made by adding 5 ml of detergent to 15 ml of water.


1.Describe the relationship between the volume of detergent solution added and the surface tension of water.

2.1.For the Easy Clean detergent, calculate the mean number of drops of detergent needed to sink the paper clip.
Mean =  ml
2.2.Estimate how many drops of Easy Clean detergent solution it would take to sink 5 paper clips.

3.1.State one variable, other than those given, which would need to be controlled in this experiment in order to achieve a valid result.
3.2.Suggest one method that could be used to keep the water at a constant temperature.
3.3.Explain the importance of maintaining water at a constant temperature.
3.4.Identify one potential source of error in the methodology.
4.Suggest why different numbers of drops of detergent solution were needed to sink the paperclip between each type of detergent.

  Which of the following is not a real-liff.x +hyd pp3y2.6; bdjt o;ucse example of adhesion?

The image shows a cros lvyr 88.m- dnt s,zxpg*ax9utv8*w s;8anm7ys-section of the vascular tissue of a woody dicot stem, showing the annual rings of phloem and rny;8g s*v w8pxa8lt*n mxa8v,-y tz um.79 dsxylem.


Explain how the properties of water allow it to be transported in the xylem.
Describe a physical property of water, other than those that are important for the movement of water through the plant, that makes water essential for the survival of plants.
Outline why plants cannot use water to transport lipids.
If the temperature drops to -1$^{\circ}$ for a few hours suggest a reason why the water in xylem may not freeze.

  The black-throated loon (Gavia arctica) is a bird that livesx 4pu .n)56ziy bdkrlvsr.)2p near large bodies of water in cold climates. Which of the following is a correct description of how the properties of water u2pkz r 5rn)6vip )dl4ys..xbmay make winter temperatures more moderate for the black-throated loon?

  Which of the following statement(qimk ks6hhy 5mq-59127fnth;m xuw c-s) about the role of water as a solvent is corr sikc6 m 7m55wy-futhm9xqk q1hhn-2 ;ect?

I. Salt can dissolve in water because it is hydrophilic
II. Lipids cannot dissolve in water because they are non-polar
III. Cellulose can dissolve in water, as it is able to form hydrogen bonds

  The micrograph below shows the longitudinal cross-section of a q:5 ;ec2vpzmq stem from a plant in the Pinus genus. Xylem vessels are clearly visi;:2ve cm5zqpqble.


The xylem is composed of hollow, tube-like tissues that transport water through capillary action. What property of water explains capillary action?

The diagram shows a solar system very simi4erl1i.pb+n f7vi5u c lar to ours, where five planets orbit a centr5rfpeciinvu.47 1l b+al star.


1.Define the term “Goldilocks zone”.

2.1.Label with the letter R the planet that is least likely to have extraterrestrial life present.

2.2Explain reasons for your answer to part (i).

3.1.Some of the planets in this solar system have water present on them. Suggest where this water might have come from.

3.2.Explain why the planets referred to in part (i) have retained water, whereas others in this solar system have not.

4.Suggest one other biological molecule, other than water, that may be a sign of life on a planet.

  Which of the following statemend; l9ei/c82zo hwuv0 1yl7p j;:qhnxpts explains how water has facilitated the evolutionlxqwle/ ih0 zuph82c:1;p yod7;jv n9 of life on Earth?