What property of watr8 h:mba7pb9c er helps living organisms maintain their internal body temperature?p:9m 8bcb ra7h

  Which of the following is not o6tq-u sw(+ fkhpr.t )soluble in water?

  What substances are attracted to water and form8 r cmdslte ndd6vdi0y/6) p:r em11b. intermolecular bonds with water molecule0d n cyd1ermlp6 rvdi dse1b.6m/t:) 8s?

  Which of the following is a reason for the retention qo*9v6 uqdo 6wrlvu /2of water on Earth?

  What is the most acceptco,dg1 j31u eh+n wh o2).+uqh eebox;. syy;qed theory for the origin of water on Earth?

  What intermolecular bond is responsibl*yv2*qqxc / owe for water's cohesive, adhesive and thermal */qo c2*xvqyw properties?

1.Outline how hydrogen bonds form between water molecules. m a2m13 euz-s :rcij0h0w4 arz

2.State one of the ways how hydrophilic substances interact with water.

3.State one of the ways how non-polar molecules interact with water.

4.Distinguish cohesion and adhesion.

  Which property of water enables marine animals such as the ringed se /43 t oazblv7hd/net9al (Pusa hispida) to stay afloat in water without expending large amounts of /3t79 tzo /habelvdn4 energy?

  The cohesive and adhesive p9: ve(ac3lhms0 g2eknroperties of water allow xylem vessels to transport water inside plants.v0e : 2 lgec(39mshnka

Which of the following are correct descriptions of how these properties are related to water transport in plants?

  Which of the following is a reason that the Earth is cons.60* 0wljcl im -zpjjkidered to be in ‘The Goldilockjkz c0p jwll0im. j6*-s zone’, but Saturn is not?

  Which of the following statement bw9a7))vbd* co(qzsbleae /2x upmpv -8i6c 2s about the dipolarity of the water molecule are trl)bp2(-cd/8vboa me*weivcq2)au xbpz 9s6 7ue?
I. Oxygen attracts the shared electrons stronger than hydrogen.
II.Hydrogen atoms are partially negative.
III.The shared electrons spend more time closer to oxygen.

  Which of the following is not a reason that scientisttraw krl 1(u.h 4i(;rcs look for the presence of water on planets as a sign of extraterrestrial 4ra rl(u;.kwh ci1( trlife?

  Which term to describe a property of water is matched to its correct definitilr ;i3u 66ypmaon?ua i6p63m ly;r

  The image shows a water strider -cp3e)qwebf( (G. lacustris) on the surface of a pond. What property of water c-b )qw 3e(epfis not depicted in the image?

Below is a picture of a wloc )lx(g58m2 l(jg arj1 (njsater strider (Gerris sp.).


1.Explain why the water strider (Gerris sp.) does not sink.
2.Describe, using an example, the importance of water as a solvent in living organisms.

The image shows a rin a: w n.cb2*cvj-g3pdwged seal (Pusa hispida) that lives in the Arctic Sea.


1.Distinguish between the physical properties of air and water that allow the seal to mostly live in the sea.
2.Ringed seals glide into the water head first from ice shelves, rather like humans diving into a pool head first. Explain the advantage of entering the water in this way rather than ‘belly-flopping’ into the water.

  An investigation was carried out i zi5qnb1,+ adpud9 .iznto the effects of household detergents on aquatic habitats. Scientists tested the effect of dip+iqa,1 di5 unzzb 9.dfferent household detergents on the surface tension of water in order to better understand the impact they may have on organisms living on the surface.

A paper clip was folded slightly on one side and rested on the surface of the water, maintained at a constant temperature and contained within a water tank. Drops of detergent solution were slowly added to the water tank until the paperclip sank to the bottom. The volume of detergent solution taken to sink the paperclip was recorded.

Detergent solutions were made by adding 5 ml of detergent to 15 ml of water.


1.Describe the relationship between the volume of detergent solution added and the surface tension of water.

2.1.For the Easy Clean detergent, calculate the mean number of drops of detergent needed to sink the paper clip.
Mean =  ml
2.2.Estimate how many drops of Easy Clean detergent solution it would take to sink 5 paper clips.

3.1.State one variable, other than those given, which would need to be controlled in this experiment in order to achieve a valid result.
3.2.Suggest one method that could be used to keep the water at a constant temperature.
3.3.Explain the importance of maintaining water at a constant temperature.
3.4.Identify one potential source of error in the methodology.
4.Suggest why different numbers of drops of detergent solution were needed to sink the paperclip between each type of detergent.

  Which of the followi;p7 x -h1ynlhbng is not a real-life example of adhesion?

The image shows a cross-section of the vascular tissue of a woody dicoasd4srp35p5 ot stem, showing the annual rings of phloem and xpaso4 3s55rpdylem.


Explain how the properties of water allow it to be transported in the xylem.
Describe a physical property of water, other than those that are important for the movement of water through the plant, that makes water essential for the survival of plants.
Outline why plants cannot use water to transport lipids.
If the temperature drops to -1$^{\circ}$ for a few hours suggest a reason why the water in xylem may not freeze.

  The black-throated loon (Ga u2 4qxi 2k7xgrw4weu4via arctica) is a bird that lives near large bodies of water in cold climates. Which of the following is a correct description of howiu2 k r4qu4xww e274xg the properties of water may make winter temperatures more moderate for the black-throated loon?

  Which of the following statement(s) about i n8ygod-m/h:ki .7xpo)ps(l the role of water as a solvent is correct? lsdn7i:8yp )phomkg/iox. ( -

I. Salt can dissolve in water because it is hydrophilic
II. Lipids cannot dissolve in water because they are non-polar
III. Cellulose can dissolve in water, as it is able to form hydrogen bonds

  The micrograph below shows the lonho 9tgkyo8a52gitudinal cross-section of a stem from a plant in the Pinus genu a th5o29ykg8os. Xylem vessels are clearly visible.


The xylem is composed of hollow, tube-like tissues that transport water through capillary action. What property of water explains capillary action?

The diagram shows a solarusos 2y50 f-vgb/ llt2 system very similar to ours, where five planets orbit a centrtfo ulys5g2v/2s bl0 -al star.


1.Define the term “Goldilocks zone”.

2.1.Label with the letter R the planet that is least likely to have extraterrestrial life present.

2.2Explain reasons for your answer to part (i).

3.1.Some of the planets in this solar system have water present on them. Suggest where this water might have come from.

3.2.Explain why the planets referred to in part (i) have retained water, whereas others in this solar system have not.

4.Suggest one other biological molecule, other than water, that may be a sign of life on a planet.

  Which of the following statements explains how water has facilitated the k*apj4qf 9r6uevolution4u*96fqpjrak of life on Earth?