What property of water helps living organisms ,-jvhnt)flyijk2q38 maintain their internal body temperatulfk- t,8 jvhn)2q i3jyre?

  Which of the following i +b*kksw b)*1 zw4yyjms not soluble in water?

  What substances are attracted to water and form intz*- bfz k38bhd,n3z 2y(vprd termolecular bonds with water molfbr,dzb3zph n k y-t(*28dvz3 ecules?

  Which of the following is a reason for the retention ofw 75zhkszmk*j h)2 akgwx69 vod)d(t2 water on Earth?

  What is the most accepted theory for the origin of w j)pio:xd;rdgq;bk a )z ml/+q/xw :1fater on Earth?

  What intermolecular bond is responsible for water's cohesive, adhesiscw2d)0 5p tk )arn rs;wexc+ .7e+blkve and thermal kdac+wsl. )pb e 7rrn0wx5c e2s;t) k+properties?

1.Outline how hydrogen bonds form between water molecules.t(u,u: ;dl iz.cua4d n

2.State one of the ways how hydrophilic substances interact with water.

3.State one of the ways how non-polar molecules interact with water.

4.Distinguish cohesion and adhesion.

  Which property of water enables marine animals such as the ringed syc a0 gm)lv gru+8k)y2eal (Pusa hispida) to stay afl+0yl)kv a2 m cur)gyg8oat in water without expending large amounts of energy?

  The cohesive and adhesive properties of water alcym,i9 vm). adlow xylem vessels to transport water insiv da.)9yci, mmde plants.

Which of the following are correct descriptions of how these properties are related to water transport in plants?

  Which of the following is a reason that the Earth is considered to bj8 oukxe:9ro;e in ‘The Goldilocks zone’, but Saturn is nor8:oujek9;xo t?

  Which of the following statements about the dipolarity of the watey z 79g6rwk2dg j(gcppoxewbi/r 40/6r molecule are trurp6jzwbgp/ 4g 0d(ceg6w79 /ioxky 2re?
I. Oxygen attracts the shared electrons stronger than hydrogen.
II.Hydrogen atoms are partially negative.
III.The shared electrons spend more time closer to oxygen.

  Which of the followir6egss9 3gl2sl; :0y iar tzq/ng is not a reason that scientists look for the presence of water on plansri9r:32 l 0y6szq slga ge;t/ets as a sign of extraterrestrial life?

  Which term to describe a property of water is matched to its correc() ftepyq(y 4oblu:a,f / t:mpt definition? :o4a( m(t)q u:e,ftb f/ylypp

  The image shows a water strider (G. lacustris) ond-j(o x3jeq (, rae)t.lbh*jv the surface of a pond. What property of water is neh,e a jrbdojqt)j3.-(x( * vlot depicted in the image?

Below is a picture of a wateq81 pfvh g(ma/r strider (Gerris sp.).


1.Explain why the water strider (Gerris sp.) does not sink.
2.Describe, using an example, the importance of water as a solvent in living organisms.

The image shows a ringed seal (Pusa hisa 7bsx/ df* iznsn+/,asj 5:.shvz6qxpida) that lives in the Arctic Sea.


1.Distinguish between the physical properties of air and water that allow the seal to mostly live in the sea.
2.Ringed seals glide into the water head first from ice shelves, rather like humans diving into a pool head first. Explain the advantage of entering the water in this way rather than ‘belly-flopping’ into the water.

  An investigation was carried omtf8vypk 4-*but into the effects of household detergents on aquatic habitats. Scientists tested the effect of different household detergents on the surface tension of water in order to better understand the impact they mtky*8 p4bvfm-ay have on organisms living on the surface.

A paper clip was folded slightly on one side and rested on the surface of the water, maintained at a constant temperature and contained within a water tank. Drops of detergent solution were slowly added to the water tank until the paperclip sank to the bottom. The volume of detergent solution taken to sink the paperclip was recorded.

Detergent solutions were made by adding 5 ml of detergent to 15 ml of water.


1.Describe the relationship between the volume of detergent solution added and the surface tension of water.

2.1.For the Easy Clean detergent, calculate the mean number of drops of detergent needed to sink the paper clip.
Mean =  ml
2.2.Estimate how many drops of Easy Clean detergent solution it would take to sink 5 paper clips.

3.1.State one variable, other than those given, which would need to be controlled in this experiment in order to achieve a valid result.
3.2.Suggest one method that could be used to keep the water at a constant temperature.
3.3.Explain the importance of maintaining water at a constant temperature.
3.4.Identify one potential source of error in the methodology.
4.Suggest why different numbers of drops of detergent solution were needed to sink the paperclip between each type of detergent.

  Which of the following is not a rehg:by)bejz f2uij81 hr e/ m mh*;e+7pal-life example of adhesion?

The image shows a cross-sectiol0-r/n23gqgxkx budu0 +e ev1 n of the vascular tissue of a woody dicot stem, showing the annual ri rvbex+-00ke3/xgug2ulqn d1 ngs of phloem and xylem.


Explain how the properties of water allow it to be transported in the xylem.
Describe a physical property of water, other than those that are important for the movement of water through the plant, that makes water essential for the survival of plants.
Outline why plants cannot use water to transport lipids.
If the temperature drops to -1$^{\circ}$ for a few hours suggest a reason why the water in xylem may not freeze.

  The black-throated loon (Gavid96v 5jnrbg s+a arctica) is a bird that lives near large bodies of water in cold climates. Which of the following is a correct description of how the properties of water may make winter temperatures more moderat b+dr j6sn5g9ve for the black-throated loon?

  Which of the following statement(s) about the rw/v ) djat2dv6:y o/ 4*bbys ri9kpii-ole of water as a solvent is corrj: vd2bioys*6wdi 9b 4ka)//ir-yvptect?

I. Salt can dissolve in water because it is hydrophilic
II. Lipids cannot dissolve in water because they are non-polar
III. Cellulose can dissolve in water, as it is able to form hydrogen bonds

  The micrograph below shows the longitudinal cross-section of a stemfgcxi;s gtq ; 7*nr24u c,voq6 from a plant in theo,qg4 qgcv c2nsr ;76 xft*;iu Pinus genus. Xylem vessels are clearly visible.


The xylem is composed of hollow, tube-like tissues that transport water through capillary action. What property of water explains capillary action?

The diagram shows a solar system v8kd7pn-t r* ofery similar to ours, where five planets orbit a centr 8*ftod7kn p-ral star.


1.Define the term “Goldilocks zone”.

2.1.Label with the letter R the planet that is least likely to have extraterrestrial life present.

2.2Explain reasons for your answer to part (i).

3.1.Some of the planets in this solar system have water present on them. Suggest where this water might have come from.

3.2.Explain why the planets referred to in part (i) have retained water, whereas others in this solar system have not.

4.Suggest one other biological molecule, other than water, that may be a sign of life on a planet.

  Which of the following statements explains how waff:w4lthbg y2v2x.ai 0.mh)oter has facilitated the evolution of life on ht0a.:4f 2v2gfwoil bm.)hxy Earth?