What property of water helps living organisms maintain their internal body tempe2u( okcg6 xne8dd3d1q rq3 dg 2x1(ok68cdne udature?

  Which of the following is not soozx ixf)x3t0n9) xy1xuuc,0t luble in water?

  What substances are attrac09k, klk u uza+/2/*xza5stlz3ncrae ted to water and form intermolecular bonds with water molecules?2+9z,czsa3 uka/t *kn5/ klurla0exz

  Which of the following ijwfox- nz1 1j zdhwwtw/3*)p t6p4gu ,s a reason for the retention of water on Earth?

  What is the most accepted theory for bf roddw9.3aiq x, 0w0the origin of water on Earth?

  What intermolecular bond isw 4mbnsc40)h l responsible for water's cohesive, adhesive and thermal properti m c44hnsb0wl)es?

1.Outline how hydrogen bonds form between water molecules.-phcb ,jpjvx i- +1nf)us .+mc

2.State one of the ways how hydrophilic substances interact with water.

3.State one of the ways how non-polar molecules interact with water.

4.Distinguish cohesion and adhesion.

  Which property of water enables marinr3z9cdf/ xsc(koc9b ) e animals such as the ringed seal (Pusa hispida) z/c r)s3 fc 9o(9xbcdkto stay afloat in water without expending large amounts of energy?

  The cohesive and adhesive pro 0p b+kv 0tcc;v. k.ko8ixlnt0perties of water allow xylem vessels to transport watep+t.v0b0nk.cvc 0 ol;8 kxt kir inside plants.

Which of the following are correct descriptions of how these properties are related to water transport in plants?

  Which of the following is a reason that the Earth is considered g yccw3ga;3wgug/: m,ac4lp4to be in ‘The Goldilocks zone’, but Saturn is3c:gua g,p 43wylcw4mg;g/ c a not?

  Which of the following statements about the dipolu5( *1 )g32fco/ v0y nys uaipajgzh-iarity of the water molecule are ginhj(siz /ap5-u)2cogf y 3 a0v*yu1 true?
I. Oxygen attracts the shared electrons stronger than hydrogen.
II.Hydrogen atoms are partially negative.
III.The shared electrons spend more time closer to oxygen.

  Which of the following is not a reason that scientists look for2 jg a t,iyb4nh:7gi6r the presence of water on planets as a sign of extrater2ibranj6y47 g, ghi:trestrial life?

  Which term to describe a property l5(k+5pd+ye l tolyf b 5et(8z-aqx7 xof water is matched to its correct definition?(5 p5+oz8-tb(kl ty5 el a l+xexdfyq7

  The image shows a water strider (G. lacustris) on the surface cj-0g g;zo5a yof a pond. What property of waty5g-gjo0zca ; er is not depicted in the image?

Below is a picture of a water strider (Gcs39 wo * 6;z2,vze hzjqcsu/terris sp.).


1.Explain why the water strider (Gerris sp.) does not sink.
2.Describe, using an example, the importance of water as a solvent in living organisms.

The image shows a ringed seal ( uz )x ua98zg2s5 :pm5qzpgey*Pusa hispida) that lives in the Arctic Sea.


1.Distinguish between the physical properties of air and water that allow the seal to mostly live in the sea.
2.Ringed seals glide into the water head first from ice shelves, rather like humans diving into a pool head first. Explain the advantage of entering the water in this way rather than ‘belly-flopping’ into the water.

  An investigation was carried out intcm nqd,sueuyb1r8 (,9o the effects of household detergents on aquatic habitatsmrdu8qn9y1 sb ,eu(c ,. Scientists tested the effect of different household detergents on the surface tension of water in order to better understand the impact they may have on organisms living on the surface.

A paper clip was folded slightly on one side and rested on the surface of the water, maintained at a constant temperature and contained within a water tank. Drops of detergent solution were slowly added to the water tank until the paperclip sank to the bottom. The volume of detergent solution taken to sink the paperclip was recorded.

Detergent solutions were made by adding 5 ml of detergent to 15 ml of water.


1.Describe the relationship between the volume of detergent solution added and the surface tension of water.

2.1.For the Easy Clean detergent, calculate the mean number of drops of detergent needed to sink the paper clip.
Mean =  ml
2.2.Estimate how many drops of Easy Clean detergent solution it would take to sink 5 paper clips.

3.1.State one variable, other than those given, which would need to be controlled in this experiment in order to achieve a valid result.
3.2.Suggest one method that could be used to keep the water at a constant temperature.
3.3.Explain the importance of maintaining water at a constant temperature.
3.4.Identify one potential source of error in the methodology.
4.Suggest why different numbers of drops of detergent solution were needed to sink the paperclip between each type of detergent.

  Which of the following+9pw9hzi spdoi7*xi 6t0 /x dn is not a real-life example of adhesion?

The image shows a cross-section of the vascular tissue of a w;:b ycyi83*qn2vte n loody dicot stem, showing the annual rings of phloem and xylem. v: 8i;c3te ynql2n*by


Explain how the properties of water allow it to be transported in the xylem.
Describe a physical property of water, other than those that are important for the movement of water through the plant, that makes water essential for the survival of plants.
Outline why plants cannot use water to transport lipids.
If the temperature drops to -1$^{\circ}$ for a few hours suggest a reason why the water in xylem may not freeze.

  The black-throated loon (Gavia 9kr7jr+m 3ab marctica) is a bird that lives near large bodies of water in cold climates. Which of the following is a correct description of how tjm+ m93rbakr7 he properties of water may make winter temperatures more moderate for the black-throated loon?

  Which of the following statw *sy2vd, mstf1 *9hqjement(s) about the role of water as a solvent is correctm 1 s9j s2dy,*wqhv*tf?

I. Salt can dissolve in water because it is hydrophilic
II. Lipids cannot dissolve in water because they are non-polar
III. Cellulose can dissolve in water, as it is able to form hydrogen bonds

  The micrograph below 4x pt+1yh+83)h ouzakzzbd e)shows the longitudinal cross-section of a stem from a plant in zzp3bd+xh +8)a ) ho4ey1zk utthe Pinus genus. Xylem vessels are clearly visible.


The xylem is composed of hollow, tube-like tissues that transport water through capillary action. What property of water explains capillary action?

The diagram shows a solar syste;f d0ro/ .dgagm very similar to ours, where five planets orbit a;f /oa .gr0gdd central star.


1.Define the term “Goldilocks zone”.

2.1.Label with the letter R the planet that is least likely to have extraterrestrial life present.

2.2Explain reasons for your answer to part (i).

3.1.Some of the planets in this solar system have water present on them. Suggest where this water might have come from.

3.2.Explain why the planets referred to in part (i) have retained water, whereas others in this solar system have not.

4.Suggest one other biological molecule, other than water, that may be a sign of life on a planet.

  Which of the following statementswo0v b g2y1c7t explains how water has facilitated the evolution of lify271ov 0bt gwce on Earth?