What property of water helps living organisms maintain their internal body tempgva q1ur -g5v5.jg,-x2e f ginegeq.5 1g ggx, 2vr-fij 5a-vnurature?

  Which of the followinj zc0w.38zd ygb0cpqax22 ;sj g is not soluble in water?

  What substances are attracted to water ar zrsj n713t36/z liddnd form intermolecular bonds with water moleculer/d6n73z s13il rdjz ts?

  Which of the following is a reason for the retention of water on Etv- i+2jhjgc1arth?

  What is the most accepted theo,mms v1 lqy ezhx)9i :f5 zg)4vzvm6t)ry for the origin of water on Earth?

  What intermolecular bond is responsible for water's cohesiv1iesab8kx m0l ,x1) ung)az86efiq :ie, adhesive and thermal proa88se m1ie xu0n )i 6qk,1x :bfzlga)iperties?

1.Outline how hydrogen bonds form between watg rq4 l1bsu/+we 66lfuer molecules.

2.State one of the ways how hydrophilic substances interact with water.

3.State one of the ways how non-polar molecules interact with water.

4.Distinguish cohesion and adhesion.

  Which property of water enabm3 x47 0ikd2mxprehd 3les marine animals such as the ringed seal (Pusa hispida) to stay afloat in water without expending large amounts of ener0phmdk3 i74r3dmx2 exgy?

  The cohesive and adhesia7zzli(k,d,h8g/ spr ve properties of water allow xylem vessels to transport water inside p7,d kl8ha zgzi,/rp s(lants.

Which of the following are correct descriptions of how these properties are related to water transport in plants?

  Which of the following is a reason that the Earthxp4z 6 pbpe5d/4f;fb glb(z.i is considered to be in ‘The Goldilocks zon l4bfpgdbep4 ibx/( 5p6;.zfze’, but Saturn is not?

  Which of the following statements about the dipolarity of the waj9di5k m:leg i0q do*eat,l( 4ter molecule are lgeik ,0 5a4 *oidejl9m :(tdqtrue?
I. Oxygen attracts the shared electrons stronger than hydrogen.
II.Hydrogen atoms are partially negative.
III.The shared electrons spend more time closer to oxygen.

  Which of the following is not a *1 su8 mr hhhi//zpwj)6p (8 ;cxwwlxoreason that scientists look for the presence of water on pla)z x h cpji;8wp8hw(/h x1wol*ur6/msnets as a sign of extraterrestrial life?

  Which term to describe a property*z 1na7it.adxa+ h mq*o8d.u *los.zy of water is matched to its correct definition? q z+ *mndlu1.aiyt7x8.hs*oa.zoa* d

  The image shows a water strider (G. lacustris) pva8+ho g 6e jhy9qai g*-ewa 8md64+gon the surface of a pond. What property of water is not depicted inaipj*dy 6g+eo6a8 + mg-e84hwav9 ghq the image?

Below is a picture of a water strider (Gerrv*ho+l *aaozv0(x*d j-r(p il is sp.).


1.Explain why the water strider (Gerris sp.) does not sink.
2.Describe, using an example, the importance of water as a solvent in living organisms.

The image shows a ringed seal (Pusa hispida) that lives ig79r2*1zjqbx et0 gcofx:k;wn the Arctic Sea.


1.Distinguish between the physical properties of air and water that allow the seal to mostly live in the sea.
2.Ringed seals glide into the water head first from ice shelves, rather like humans diving into a pool head first. Explain the advantage of entering the water in this way rather than ‘belly-flopping’ into the water.

  An investigation was carried out into the effects of household detergents on oou.u vq5z8)kfo pwv6dd+4g )aquatic habitats. Scientists tested the effect of di 6k4.+)owudduqpfg o5zv)8 vofferent household detergents on the surface tension of water in order to better understand the impact they may have on organisms living on the surface.

A paper clip was folded slightly on one side and rested on the surface of the water, maintained at a constant temperature and contained within a water tank. Drops of detergent solution were slowly added to the water tank until the paperclip sank to the bottom. The volume of detergent solution taken to sink the paperclip was recorded.

Detergent solutions were made by adding 5 ml of detergent to 15 ml of water.


1.Describe the relationship between the volume of detergent solution added and the surface tension of water.

2.1.For the Easy Clean detergent, calculate the mean number of drops of detergent needed to sink the paper clip.
Mean =  ml
2.2.Estimate how many drops of Easy Clean detergent solution it would take to sink 5 paper clips.

3.1.State one variable, other than those given, which would need to be controlled in this experiment in order to achieve a valid result.
3.2.Suggest one method that could be used to keep the water at a constant temperature.
3.3.Explain the importance of maintaining water at a constant temperature.
3.4.Identify one potential source of error in the methodology.
4.Suggest why different numbers of drops of detergent solution were needed to sink the paperclip between each type of detergent.

  Which of the following is not a real-life example of adhesi)/li o,arue(tu o wu86on?

The image shows a cross-section of the vascular tissue ofz/yx 38w em;sr a woody dicot stem, showing the annual rings sr8we3/mz;yx of phloem and xylem.


Explain how the properties of water allow it to be transported in the xylem.
Describe a physical property of water, other than those that are important for the movement of water through the plant, that makes water essential for the survival of plants.
Outline why plants cannot use water to transport lipids.
If the temperature drops to -1$^{\circ}$ for a few hours suggest a reason why the water in xylem may not freeze.

  The black-throated loon (Gavia arctica) is a bird that lr69il 95vxn 554t a57sm jspeyxzgp 6sg)t8qsives near large bodies of water in cold climates. Which of the following is a correct description of how the properties of water may make winter temperatures more moderate a7er55 9j94zp lgv xt6 6si8tq5y ns)smsp5gxfor the black-throated loon?

  Which of the following stazd w au4qv(:4at8aqm a.gbp. 8tement(s) about the role of water as a solvent is correctq (. wp4a8bqz tam8u adv:.g4a?

I. Salt can dissolve in water because it is hydrophilic
II. Lipids cannot dissolve in water because they are non-polar
III. Cellulose can dissolve in water, as it is able to form hydrogen bonds

  The micrograph below shows the longitudinal cross-section of a stem from a pl*xjf 9wat5bdr9v* n3oqu0s 9cqv l*awgz /2g9ant in the Pinus genus. Xylem vessels are cle5 sgcv nd wlbux09a29vtoaq99 * rzj/gf**3wqarly visible.


The xylem is composed of hollow, tube-like tissues that transport water through capillary action. What property of water explains capillary action?

The diagram shows a solar system very similar to ours, where five plane8; q jbswwzp.p ra;/9dts orbit a central star. ; wra q8p/w;p zb9sd.j


1.Define the term “Goldilocks zone”.

2.1.Label with the letter R the planet that is least likely to have extraterrestrial life present.

2.2Explain reasons for your answer to part (i).

3.1.Some of the planets in this solar system have water present on them. Suggest where this water might have come from.

3.2.Explain why the planets referred to in part (i) have retained water, whereas others in this solar system have not.

4.Suggest one other biological molecule, other than water, that may be a sign of life on a planet.

  Which of the following staj i32cw2aeeiw6 s54 svtements explains how water has facilitated the evolution of life on Es 2ca3 svewi45jw i26earth?