What property of water helps living organismw q-5/cxh9mwm s maintain their internal body temperawxmm9 5wqc/ h-ture?

  Which of the following is not soluble j,dkog;ntp9kqy++ 2r in water?

  What substances are attracted to water and form intermolecular bondnh3df)d0( wc ucbo8jc;(*qcd s with water molecw) q(d3d (0u cdfo*b; cjcnch8ules?

  Which of the following is a reason for the retention o la i.at655z okzxh;x7-jc1v af water on Earth?

  What is the most accepted theori21 60x*osnckl (g ghjy for the origin of water on Earth?

  What intermolecular b4:2 mdza;t zahzny/fc9 k /k-vond is responsible for water's cohesive, adhesive and thermal properties?t2z4 d / yka9z;-:hazfmkcn/v

1.Outline how hydrogen bonds form between water molecul 6 zjmjvvx2 u-fxnv++3es.

2.State one of the ways how hydrophilic substances interact with water.

3.State one of the ways how non-polar molecules interact with water.

4.Distinguish cohesion and adhesion.

  Which property of water enables marine animals r2h8ua3m ,b f xqp1nf sv5;e*,/lbceksuch as the ringed seal (Pusa hispida) to stay afloat in wat k e/p,q 1na fv,ru*5s lcbmb8f3e2hx;er without expending large amounts of energy?

  The cohesive and adhesive properties of water allow xylem vesseldec( 0tyyp)g:.pq s(zlg u z:*s to transport water inside plantpgz( *e:0u(z .s:ldpgyqy c)ts.

Which of the following are correct descriptions of how these properties are related to water transport in plants?

  Which of the following is a reason that the *+jr trkvd:y* Earth is considered to be in ‘The Goldilocks zone’, but Saturn * :dkyrrvj+*t is not?

  Which of the following statements about the dipolarit;6azm q g r7ztpea n,z.labgap1db)l36k 2-i2 y of the water molecule are true?rz,lql2b gz36gkiaa ;-m.)pntea76 2dazbp1
I. Oxygen attracts the shared electrons stronger than hydrogen.
II.Hydrogen atoms are partially negative.
III.The shared electrons spend more time closer to oxygen.

  Which of the following is not a reason that scientists look for the prese ks4id/nk.scwek fk:d)(c -r.nce of wated ik- .:rds/kkckw(f ces)n4. r on planets as a sign of extraterrestrial life?

  Which term to describe a propet ppqg ((65z19fv) yp5ei.ovhqffls 8rty of water is matched to its correct definition? so. pp18 yitqhgz5fe)pfl v(96vfq( 5

  The image shows a water strider (G. lacustris) on the surface of a r6uip 8)ugf8 rnh (f 374gqghqpond. What property of water is not depi37u8h fi6hr upggq)q(8nf 4 grcted in the image?

Below is a picture of a water stri e+h1fite1mt n9 7o5avder (Gerris sp.).


1.Explain why the water strider (Gerris sp.) does not sink.
2.Describe, using an example, the importance of water as a solvent in living organisms.

The image shows a ringed seal (Pusa hispida) that lives in thej4z;;gh i1iq)w hgzpmc0*g7 t Arctic Sea.


1.Distinguish between the physical properties of air and water that allow the seal to mostly live in the sea.
2.Ringed seals glide into the water head first from ice shelves, rather like humans diving into a pool head first. Explain the advantage of entering the water in this way rather than ‘belly-flopping’ into the water.

  An investigation was carried out into the effects d2b4tsy0 jfe.of household detergents on aquatic habitats. Scientists tested the effect of different household detergents on the surface tejy0s4b ed2 ft.nsion of water in order to better understand the impact they may have on organisms living on the surface.

A paper clip was folded slightly on one side and rested on the surface of the water, maintained at a constant temperature and contained within a water tank. Drops of detergent solution were slowly added to the water tank until the paperclip sank to the bottom. The volume of detergent solution taken to sink the paperclip was recorded.

Detergent solutions were made by adding 5 ml of detergent to 15 ml of water.


1.Describe the relationship between the volume of detergent solution added and the surface tension of water.

2.1.For the Easy Clean detergent, calculate the mean number of drops of detergent needed to sink the paper clip.
Mean =  ml
2.2.Estimate how many drops of Easy Clean detergent solution it would take to sink 5 paper clips.

3.1.State one variable, other than those given, which would need to be controlled in this experiment in order to achieve a valid result.
3.2.Suggest one method that could be used to keep the water at a constant temperature.
3.3.Explain the importance of maintaining water at a constant temperature.
3.4.Identify one potential source of error in the methodology.
4.Suggest why different numbers of drops of detergent solution were needed to sink the paperclip between each type of detergent.

  Which of the following is not a real-life example xlsgu+tq c0d+6y*( 6)minbudof adhesion?

The image shows a cross-section of the vascular tissue of a woody dicot skeo:we y3 a15ltem, showing thlee5o 13kwy a:e annual rings of phloem and xylem.


Explain how the properties of water allow it to be transported in the xylem.
Describe a physical property of water, other than those that are important for the movement of water through the plant, that makes water essential for the survival of plants.
Outline why plants cannot use water to transport lipids.
If the temperature drops to -1$^{\circ}$ for a few hours suggest a reason why the water in xylem may not freeze.

  The black-throated loon (Gavia arctica) is a bird that lives nbk.c(q v+m4i iear large bodies of water in cold climates. Which of the followinbm vii +.qk4(cg is a correct description of how the properties of water may make winter temperatures more moderate for the black-throated loon?

  Which of the following statement(s) abou)t, izki5sdxz;3et- zt the role of water as a solvent is corre zst3z,-x dkii5;t)z ect?

I. Salt can dissolve in water because it is hydrophilic
II. Lipids cannot dissolve in water because they are non-polar
III. Cellulose can dissolve in water, as it is able to form hydrogen bonds

  The micrograph below shows the longitudinal cross-section of a ste rrc,iagjrsp7 /8 u*y/m from a plant in the Pinus genus.78gp/j/r y aci*rrus , Xylem vessels are clearly visible.


The xylem is composed of hollow, tube-like tissues that transport water through capillary action. What property of water explains capillary action?

The diagram shows a solar system very similar to ours, where five planets orx e,ap 6zd:c8abit a central star. cxa aed8, zp6:


1.Define the term “Goldilocks zone”.

2.1.Label with the letter R the planet that is least likely to have extraterrestrial life present.

2.2Explain reasons for your answer to part (i).

3.1.Some of the planets in this solar system have water present on them. Suggest where this water might have come from.

3.2.Explain why the planets referred to in part (i) have retained water, whereas others in this solar system have not.

4.Suggest one other biological molecule, other than water, that may be a sign of life on a planet.

  Which of the following statements explains how water has facilitjlp+p ht5 4t/qated the evolution of lif pqt/ jtlh4+p5e on Earth?