What property of water helps living organisms maintain their 0rggn8 dbw*4uxm7+j3gs k sz9internal body temperauwsg +rg4b9 08mgxd3 jk7s n*zture?

  Which of the following is not77ofiwdyp);cez:i / g soluble in water?

  What substances are attracted to water and l+uj+ov23 h+*; 9/gxzq ege tgjz(5a3esispcform intermolecular bonds with water molecule9++h(zqco ez ;ie+3g gs523 glxtej/a j*pusvs?

  Which of the following is a reason for the retention of nkdg12+ tb*bwwater on Earth?

  What is the most accepted theory for the origin of water on Earth?cdk-+ .d0t nc azxv*(x

  What intermolecular bond is responsible for water's cohe/qj3zuoa,nh 4r5; aka sive, adhesive and thermal propertie35uha r4qjno ,kaa /z;s?

1.Outline how hydrogen bonds form between hkl dd3*d(p y9water molecules.

2.State one of the ways how hydrophilic substances interact with water.

3.State one of the ways how non-polar molecules interact with water.

4.Distinguish cohesion and adhesion.

  Which property of water enables marine animals such 97d:y 7gg;rihl yl,yd as the ringed seal (Pusa hispida) to stay afloat in water without expendingg,ri7y h:7g ;dd9l yly large amounts of energy?

  The cohesive and adhesive properties of wm,t xvr; tt(c5ater allow xylem vessels to transport water i rtvmt (5x;,ctnside plants.

Which of the following are correct descriptions of how these properties are related to water transport in plants?

  Which of the following is a reason thatrpd ppyg g0e:06 b/ r6l5oxqs2 the Earth is considered to be in ‘The Goldilocks zone’, but Saturn d r:6r/625xo 0seq lbp0ygpgpis not?

  Which of the following statements about the dipolarity of rs ,3j):n 1kqko 0unnpthe water molecule are:k0snpjn ur3, k no1q) true?
I. Oxygen attracts the shared electrons stronger than hydrogen.
II.Hydrogen atoms are partially negative.
III.The shared electrons spend more time closer to oxygen.

  Which of the following is not a reason that scientists look for the presence of jsnrl.qt6no9(3ub 8p water on plbjqt .3no (6rnuspl9 8anets as a sign of extraterrestrial life?

  Which term to describe a property of water is matched to its correct definitionzz(wl 9w-gt1q ?9wz1 qwzg t-l(

  The image shows a water strider -edr t0.rt ey.(G. lacustris) on the surface of a pond. What property of water is not d -.t.etyrr0 deepicted in the image?

Below is a picture of a water strider (Gerriz.-z26rvgr cul3l2c a s sp.).


1.Explain why the water strider (Gerris sp.) does not sink.
2.Describe, using an example, the importance of water as a solvent in living organisms.

The image shows a ringed seal (Pusa hispida) that lives in the Arcticjkch4es- 2 cs+o1qh 3v Sea.


1.Distinguish between the physical properties of air and water that allow the seal to mostly live in the sea.
2.Ringed seals glide into the water head first from ice shelves, rather like humans diving into a pool head first. Explain the advantage of entering the water in this way rather than ‘belly-flopping’ into the water.

  An investigation was carried out into the lxd43br1k qsp3 0 v0oieffects of household detergents on aquatic habitats. Scientists tested the effect of different household detergents on the surface tension of water in order to better understand the impact they may have on organisms living on the sl4xr1d0 bvoqkp30i 3surface.

A paper clip was folded slightly on one side and rested on the surface of the water, maintained at a constant temperature and contained within a water tank. Drops of detergent solution were slowly added to the water tank until the paperclip sank to the bottom. The volume of detergent solution taken to sink the paperclip was recorded.

Detergent solutions were made by adding 5 ml of detergent to 15 ml of water.


1.Describe the relationship between the volume of detergent solution added and the surface tension of water.

2.1.For the Easy Clean detergent, calculate the mean number of drops of detergent needed to sink the paper clip.
Mean =  ml
2.2.Estimate how many drops of Easy Clean detergent solution it would take to sink 5 paper clips.

3.1.State one variable, other than those given, which would need to be controlled in this experiment in order to achieve a valid result.
3.2.Suggest one method that could be used to keep the water at a constant temperature.
3.3.Explain the importance of maintaining water at a constant temperature.
3.4.Identify one potential source of error in the methodology.
4.Suggest why different numbers of drops of detergent solution were needed to sink the paperclip between each type of detergent.

  Which of the following is9,t md5n7a kro not a real-life example of adhesion?

The image shows a cross- 5aeumlks9u4 rn z0e/8section of the vascular tissue of a woody dicot stem, showing the annual rings of phloem and xym9ur e ekun4a58l zs0/lem.


Explain how the properties of water allow it to be transported in the xylem.
Describe a physical property of water, other than those that are important for the movement of water through the plant, that makes water essential for the survival of plants.
Outline why plants cannot use water to transport lipids.
If the temperature drops to -1$^{\circ}$ for a few hours suggest a reason why the water in xylem may not freeze.

  The black-throated loon (Gavia arctica) is a bird that lives ne- g)jn-(t6 rbsvxu4 4xd5yxv xar large bodies of water in cold climates. Which of the following is a correct description of how the propertiex(5 g4jub4xnyx )6-ds tvvx-rs of water may make winter temperatures more moderate for the black-throated loon?

  Which of the following statement(s) about the role of water as a solven:5 wywl:m tqe)t is correql5:e:) tm wwyct?

I. Salt can dissolve in water because it is hydrophilic
II. Lipids cannot dissolve in water because they are non-polar
III. Cellulose can dissolve in water, as it is able to form hydrogen bonds

  The micrograph below shows the longitub 5(m9:hdsdtk dinal cross-section of a stem from a plant in the Pinus genus. Xylem vessels are dhkbs95 t( :dmclearly visible.


The xylem is composed of hollow, tube-like tissues that transport water through capillary action. What property of water explains capillary action?

The diagram shows a solar syste mc,auqoqgnz;8q59 a2sqgz/ (m very similar to ours, where five planets orbit a centrz8qz ma ns9gu/c qg, ;52qaqo(al star.


1.Define the term “Goldilocks zone”.

2.1.Label with the letter R the planet that is least likely to have extraterrestrial life present.

2.2Explain reasons for your answer to part (i).

3.1.Some of the planets in this solar system have water present on them. Suggest where this water might have come from.

3.2.Explain why the planets referred to in part (i) have retained water, whereas others in this solar system have not.

4.Suggest one other biological molecule, other than water, that may be a sign of life on a planet.

  Which of the following statements explains how water has facilitate0*q6ikd yn s8hd the evolution of life on E 6sdi08knyq*h arth?