What property of water helps living organisms maintain their interna5 yo- kt*rn9val body temper *rtak oyv59n-ature?

  Which of the following is not soluble in wat4lsrq * a+.kzzer?

  What substances are attracted to water and form intermolecular b/( 9ki4c: ki)pxkdkmr onds with water molecules?d/x:m9 ikpkci (k rk4)

  Which of the following is a reason for the retention o7wza6 p.3v 1ly11pthb wkml,n f water on Earth?

  What is the most accepted theory for the f :/;c4qkah 74ziefyiorigin of water on Earth?

  What intermolecular bond is responsible for water's cohdy,fw .p)9 geoesive, adhesive and thermal pe9f do).wg ,pyroperties?

1.Outline how hydrogen bonds form between water molecp+f5c6 ,we-uw:5uhv dx :jvmu ules.

2.State one of the ways how hydrophilic substances interact with water.

3.State one of the ways how non-polar molecules interact with water.

4.Distinguish cohesion and adhesion.

  Which property of water enables marine animals such as the ringed seal loo- h)*(+bk0pxs yry(Pusa hispida) to stay afloat in water wit0 ksx+o)by yh(l- *oprhout expending large amounts of energy?

  The cohesive and adhesive properties of w 9j kdob()g ndz)tn3zz;6t. yqater allow xylem vessels to transport water inside)dzo6)k dny jztq( tgnb3z ;.9 plants.

Which of the following are correct descriptions of how these properties are related to water transport in plants?

  Which of the following is a reason that the Earth is considered to be in ‘Theqm(f51pq8 *dtuqr6dsl 73pdz jzu06d Goldi7 jsmz0(u6 ddu35qpq1zl6qpr 8*d ftdlocks zone’, but Saturn is not?

  Which of the following statements about the dipolarity of the n1p57*v s9pqr zvzgq m2bi1u 4water molecule are truer 1*qpn4uqzs12 vvb5p7zgmi9?
I. Oxygen attracts the shared electrons stronger than hydrogen.
II.Hydrogen atoms are partially negative.
III.The shared electrons spend more time closer to oxygen.

  Which of the following is not a reason that scientists-q1jqq de k7vtm* e7knq f/*f6 look for the presence of water on planets as a sign of extratetk7m7 qvqd* jq 1e*f-6nqkfe/rrestrial life?

  Which term to describe a property of wavlt1 rxt7l 7c56gv5fbter is matched to its correct definition?x7tf cgv 715rbv5tl 6l

  The image shows a water strider (G. lacustris) on the surface oj ectd;*yf)2a+l1/b cl5lokun8u hk 1f a pond. What property of water is no ueu )kk ;*o d1518fn2htlc/+j lacyblt depicted in the image?

Below is a picture of a water strin9bu6e7 :axrqder (Gerris sp.).


1.Explain why the water strider (Gerris sp.) does not sink.
2.Describe, using an example, the importance of water as a solvent in living organisms.

The image shows a ringed seal (Pusa hispida) that lives in the Arctic Sea.w.lqdu-e0i b.


1.Distinguish between the physical properties of air and water that allow the seal to mostly live in the sea.
2.Ringed seals glide into the water head first from ice shelves, rather like humans diving into a pool head first. Explain the advantage of entering the water in this way rather than ‘belly-flopping’ into the water.

  An investigation was carried out into the effects o7:mtwxuocsex qeksw 1ai-)t )z.r7 *0f household detergents on aquatic habitats. Scientists tested the effect of different household detergents on the surface tension of water in order to better understand the impact they may have on organisms living on thus oi *txw et.-r7mw7ke1))zx as0:cq e surface.

A paper clip was folded slightly on one side and rested on the surface of the water, maintained at a constant temperature and contained within a water tank. Drops of detergent solution were slowly added to the water tank until the paperclip sank to the bottom. The volume of detergent solution taken to sink the paperclip was recorded.

Detergent solutions were made by adding 5 ml of detergent to 15 ml of water.


1.Describe the relationship between the volume of detergent solution added and the surface tension of water.

2.1.For the Easy Clean detergent, calculate the mean number of drops of detergent needed to sink the paper clip.
Mean =  ml
2.2.Estimate how many drops of Easy Clean detergent solution it would take to sink 5 paper clips.

3.1.State one variable, other than those given, which would need to be controlled in this experiment in order to achieve a valid result.
3.2.Suggest one method that could be used to keep the water at a constant temperature.
3.3.Explain the importance of maintaining water at a constant temperature.
3.4.Identify one potential source of error in the methodology.
4.Suggest why different numbers of drops of detergent solution were needed to sink the paperclip between each type of detergent.

  Which of the following n9(5rg a,i+jwutz 1pyis not a real-life example of adhesion?

The image shows a cro1k-lykk )h px8op p4r9ss-section of the vascular tissue of a woody dicot stem, showing the annuak xo1kl984)p-phr pk yl rings of phloem and xylem.


Explain how the properties of water allow it to be transported in the xylem.
Describe a physical property of water, other than those that are important for the movement of water through the plant, that makes water essential for the survival of plants.
Outline why plants cannot use water to transport lipids.
If the temperature drops to -1$^{\circ}$ for a few hours suggest a reason why the water in xylem may not freeze.

  The black-throated lo23kse::h jp (pc5/ 6igmfgnhton (Gavia arctica) is a bird that lives near large bodies of water in cold climates. Which of the following is a corr3ehgn :kt/p (2i m5:jf 6hpcgsect description of how the properties of water may make winter temperatures more moderate for the black-throated loon?

  Which of the following statement(s) about ty/gwo w* o(i0ohe role of water as a solvent is corro0(ow yw io/g*ect?

I. Salt can dissolve in water because it is hydrophilic
II. Lipids cannot dissolve in water because they are non-polar
III. Cellulose can dissolve in water, as it is able to form hydrogen bonds

  The micrograph below shows the longitudinal cross-section of a stem from 6z miu bwuo ia,4j3 mz20fi96ea plant in the zi29af3zuo, wi m 6euj4i0b m6Pinus genus. Xylem vessels are clearly visible.


The xylem is composed of hollow, tube-like tissues that transport water through capillary action. What property of water explains capillary action?

The diagram shows a solar system very similar to ours, where five pp)uqapfo,7. mlanets orbit a central)qm pp 7fa,o.u star.


1.Define the term “Goldilocks zone”.

2.1.Label with the letter R the planet that is least likely to have extraterrestrial life present.

2.2Explain reasons for your answer to part (i).

3.1.Some of the planets in this solar system have water present on them. Suggest where this water might have come from.

3.2.Explain why the planets referred to in part (i) have retained water, whereas others in this solar system have not.

4.Suggest one other biological molecule, other than water, that may be a sign of life on a planet.

  Which of the following statements ex oh2k*/b,k+7xip h*jri ffe n2plains how water has facilitated the evolution of lifkkfopei i xb+f2h r n2/7h,j**e on Earth?