What property of water helps l/snxz gdk9*yq-m g-i3 iving organisms maintain their internal body temperaturen-mqx* zd9g/ ksg3yi-?

  Which of the followingr*(l dd2qzkt j,4 9qeb is not soluble in water?

  What substances are attracted to water and foriuh+n/0o fqirtg6 r9, m intermolecular bonds with water mo0q rohn,fi9rit/6 g+ulecules?

  Which of the following is a reason for the retention of water on Earth?kbt-;zk s,w 9rz45cwc

  What is the most accepted theory for the origin of water on Eahxliyd2 lv1,or+d( p*i fh i26rth?

  What intermolecular bond is responsible for water's w -ez)t-c0wkocohesive, adhesive and thermalo-wk-tw)e0 zc properties?

1.Outline how hydrogen bf8:jk pqya .l4onds form between water molecules.

2.State one of the ways how hydrophilic substances interact with water.

3.State one of the ways how non-polar molecules interact with water.

4.Distinguish cohesion and adhesion.

  Which property of water enables marine animals such a. n2g8smk( akns the ringed seal (Pusa hispida) to stas .a2gnk k(m8ny afloat in water without expending large amounts of energy?

  The cohesive and adhesive properties of wab ub.-dfx wf 2ji9au63ter allow xylem vessels to transport wa-wx . iu9bffuj3ba6d2ter inside plants.

Which of the following are correct descriptions of how these properties are related to water transport in plants?

  Which of the following is a reason that the Earth is considered to be in ‘Th. 0ayfhjr 61ske Goldilocks zone’s0j6 rhk.1a yf, but Saturn is not?

  Which of the following statements about the dipolarity hj ud 9lv;.pe,of the water molecule are trueel h 9pu,dvj;.?
I. Oxygen attracts the shared electrons stronger than hydrogen.
II.Hydrogen atoms are partially negative.
III.The shared electrons spend more time closer to oxygen.

  Which of the following is not a reason that scientists look for the presen- k6dxo nh)s0lce of water on planets as a signk)osxld 06h- n of extraterrestrial life?

  Which term to describe a propertyy9r8oit9+ oi zo nw0b.z;wv9n of water is matched to its correct definition? 0z ww9i.;nb9y8ioo ovzt9n+r

  The image shows a water strider (G. lacustris) on the surface of a pond. Wx8ytby,f462a zn7knjx6aj)ghat property of water is not depicted in thzg)ay4x2 6yxan n t6jbj8,7fke image?

Below is a picture of a wan k x9p)/z:usoter strider (Gerris sp.).


1.Explain why the water strider (Gerris sp.) does not sink.
2.Describe, using an example, the importance of water as a solvent in living organisms.

The image shows a rinvj nm),l i 3vl.lpyhs 9s*2g.zged seal (Pusa hispida) that lives in the Arctic Sea.


1.Distinguish between the physical properties of air and water that allow the seal to mostly live in the sea.
2.Ringed seals glide into the water head first from ice shelves, rather like humans diving into a pool head first. Explain the advantage of entering the water in this way rather than ‘belly-flopping’ into the water.

  An investigation was carried out into the effmql7 1g(jm uc-ects of household detergents on aquatic habitats. Scientists tested the effect of different household detergents on the surface tension of watgumj7mq-lc 1 (er in order to better understand the impact they may have on organisms living on the surface.

A paper clip was folded slightly on one side and rested on the surface of the water, maintained at a constant temperature and contained within a water tank. Drops of detergent solution were slowly added to the water tank until the paperclip sank to the bottom. The volume of detergent solution taken to sink the paperclip was recorded.

Detergent solutions were made by adding 5 ml of detergent to 15 ml of water.


1.Describe the relationship between the volume of detergent solution added and the surface tension of water.

2.1.For the Easy Clean detergent, calculate the mean number of drops of detergent needed to sink the paper clip.
Mean =  ml
2.2.Estimate how many drops of Easy Clean detergent solution it would take to sink 5 paper clips.

3.1.State one variable, other than those given, which would need to be controlled in this experiment in order to achieve a valid result.
3.2.Suggest one method that could be used to keep the water at a constant temperature.
3.3.Explain the importance of maintaining water at a constant temperature.
3.4.Identify one potential source of error in the methodology.
4.Suggest why different numbers of drops of detergent solution were needed to sink the paperclip between each type of detergent.

  Which of the following is not a real-life example of adhe6,x fs)jp4e+ p3w;ouowx nuigoe5l+(sion?

The image shows a cross-section of the vascular tissue of a woody dic uuz.ovd821p )b*mepyot stem, showing the annual rings of phloem auezvub2.p) dmyop*81nd xylem.


Explain how the properties of water allow it to be transported in the xylem.
Describe a physical property of water, other than those that are important for the movement of water through the plant, that makes water essential for the survival of plants.
Outline why plants cannot use water to transport lipids.
If the temperature drops to -1$^{\circ}$ for a few hours suggest a reason why the water in xylem may not freeze.

  The black-throated loon (Gavia arctica) is a bird that livx )nl,t)2uf jfes near large bodies of water in cold climates. Which of the following is a correct description of how the properties of water may make winter temperatures more moderatexn)tf , u2fl)j for the black-throated loon?

  Which of the following statement(s) about the role of water as a solvent is uvbg1qaiz(fi/7: +rh correa+i/ 7r q1u(ihbfgzv: ct?

I. Salt can dissolve in water because it is hydrophilic
II. Lipids cannot dissolve in water because they are non-polar
III. Cellulose can dissolve in water, as it is able to form hydrogen bonds

  The micrograph below shows the lon+ cf+-2ax f pga/2ktvwgitudinal cross-section of a stem from a plant in the Pinus genus. Xylem vessels are clearly vis 2wv 2+ag+cf-apxtfk/ible.


The xylem is composed of hollow, tube-like tissues that transport water through capillary action. What property of water explains capillary action?

The diagram shows a solar system very similar to ours, whers,ojxjbm 9h t1zh1w.*e five planets orbit a centrh,bx9*ohj tj1.smw1z al star.


1.Define the term “Goldilocks zone”.

2.1.Label with the letter R the planet that is least likely to have extraterrestrial life present.

2.2Explain reasons for your answer to part (i).

3.1.Some of the planets in this solar system have water present on them. Suggest where this water might have come from.

3.2.Explain why the planets referred to in part (i) have retained water, whereas others in this solar system have not.

4.Suggest one other biological molecule, other than water, that may be a sign of life on a planet.

  Which of the following statements explains how water has facidq4 b r)6vdr.wx)4z gxlitated the evolution of life on Eart64z4xb xvdrg) .)dqw rh?