What property of water helps living organia8 uus a1pc/ m7 8++cnxty (j-nn7lfgzsms maintain their internal body tempera7uf8cjtag7nn x++s-c la1/8 mpznuy (ture?

  Which of the followie g -j t2caq55b51yl1lzhz so/ng is not soluble in water?

  What substances are attracted to water and form i gpb( b6d;;)zemi7ph hntermolecular bonds with water mg ;beb z(d)phm6pi ;h7olecules?

  Which of the following is a reason for the retention ozkqefs 5xqz( ;hm 8.0af water on Earth?

  What is the most accepted theory for the origin of watwqcu*uv1zo 1z5 ma (ir-gsp)4er on Earth?

  What intermolecular bond is responsible for water's cohesive, adhesive and thewjl7 -9 u-ir(h3 wivsormal properlw7- 3ojrsiuv-i9h w( ties?

1.Outline how hydrogen bonds form nl,sjpkm 4 dd7g77fzphq6*: pzv4u.bbetween water molecules.

2.State one of the ways how hydrophilic substances interact with water.

3.State one of the ways how non-polar molecules interact with water.

4.Distinguish cohesion and adhesion.

  Which property of water enables marine anrwk 59 ac5jz+wimals such as the ringed seal (Pusa hispida) t5arc w9z +kj5wo stay afloat in water without expending large amounts of energy?

  The cohesive and adhesive prope0 q jgq8e(ea*il txo-zly76(yrties of water allow xylem vessels to transport water 6leol(7q y(z* txy 0q-iae8 jginside plants.

Which of the following are correct descriptions of how these properties are related to water transport in plants?

  Which of the following is a reason that the Earth is considered to be in 67 z8*;gl,tulebmh d k‘The Goldilocks zone’, but Saturn8*t l d7kmz,6hegbu;l is not?

  Which of the following statements about the dipolarity of the water mojp74g + o3fkmklecule are true? kkp 3m j4fg7o+
I. Oxygen attracts the shared electrons stronger than hydrogen.
II.Hydrogen atoms are partially negative.
III.The shared electrons spend more time closer to oxygen.

  Which of the following is not a reason that s38-njau w i8 0u1wmmjfcientists look for the presence of water on planets as a sign ofiw8n-m3 uwj 1jm0fa u8 extraterrestrial life?

  Which term to describe a pr g5j78v tes :*4lh:trflqgx; coperty of water is matched to its correct definition?j:;r57t48lxc lq:hg f t*vsge

  The image shows a water strider (G. lacustris) on the surface of a pond. What f 86nuav9f5s*m2ossv property of water is not depicted in 8*fu av92v sfn65mso sthe image?

Below is a picture of ay-3xmr skd bbe ix-);1 water strider (Gerris sp.).


1.Explain why the water strider (Gerris sp.) does not sink.
2.Describe, using an example, the importance of water as a solvent in living organisms.

The image shows a ringed seal (Puz*inod1pj - z0sa hispida) that lives in the Arctic Sea.


1.Distinguish between the physical properties of air and water that allow the seal to mostly live in the sea.
2.Ringed seals glide into the water head first from ice shelves, rather like humans diving into a pool head first. Explain the advantage of entering the water in this way rather than ‘belly-flopping’ into the water.

  An investigation was carried out into w*0rr8 swn z*(ixmmv9 the effects of household detergents on aquatic habitats. Scientists tested the effect of d i8m0(rwnrv wszxm* *9ifferent household detergents on the surface tension of water in order to better understand the impact they may have on organisms living on the surface.

A paper clip was folded slightly on one side and rested on the surface of the water, maintained at a constant temperature and contained within a water tank. Drops of detergent solution were slowly added to the water tank until the paperclip sank to the bottom. The volume of detergent solution taken to sink the paperclip was recorded.

Detergent solutions were made by adding 5 ml of detergent to 15 ml of water.


1.Describe the relationship between the volume of detergent solution added and the surface tension of water.

2.1.For the Easy Clean detergent, calculate the mean number of drops of detergent needed to sink the paper clip.
Mean =  ml
2.2.Estimate how many drops of Easy Clean detergent solution it would take to sink 5 paper clips.

3.1.State one variable, other than those given, which would need to be controlled in this experiment in order to achieve a valid result.
3.2.Suggest one method that could be used to keep the water at a constant temperature.
3.3.Explain the importance of maintaining water at a constant temperature.
3.4.Identify one potential source of error in the methodology.
4.Suggest why different numbers of drops of detergent solution were needed to sink the paperclip between each type of detergent.

  Which of the following is)sb d,ps2 w9fz32tcl k not a real-life example of adhesion?

The image shows a cross-section of the vascular ti9y*b)a8 2 jejcv kzszm l+*9apv-kb 0zssue of a woody dicot stem, showing 8v2ep kz-9 jablmj zkb 0c)s*9*vyz+a the annual rings of phloem and xylem.


Explain how the properties of water allow it to be transported in the xylem.
Describe a physical property of water, other than those that are important for the movement of water through the plant, that makes water essential for the survival of plants.
Outline why plants cannot use water to transport lipids.
If the temperature drops to -1$^{\circ}$ for a few hours suggest a reason why the water in xylem may not freeze.

  The black-throated loon (Gavia0t,9-hbi -yws+wp akev).nxa arctica) is a bird that lives near large bodies of water in cold climates. Which of the following is a correct description of how the properties of water may mp +)x -eh,yv9i w- wa.nk0sabtake winter temperatures more moderate for the black-throated loon?

  Which of the following statement(s) about the role of water yv(1 )b6e4go/u/g rniqb)t mlas a solvent is correct? e1ob4g6r /gmbu )i nq)(ly vt/

I. Salt can dissolve in water because it is hydrophilic
II. Lipids cannot dissolve in water because they are non-polar
III. Cellulose can dissolve in water, as it is able to form hydrogen bonds

  The micrograph below shows the longitudinal cross-section of a stem from a plantdkhr g( 4m4fjd .w0 vni hxcbcx3d+bmcr0).06 inv63kd 0 hm40+cidx)rw h b.(cx bcd.gjf0mrn4 the Pinus genus. Xylem vessels are clearly visible.


The xylem is composed of hollow, tube-like tissues that transport water through capillary action. What property of water explains capillary action?

The diagram shows a so obbxwix1ajd;;hu;n 6; d+n zncp:7 .clar system very similar to ours, where five planets orbit a central 7zundaiobbwc: ; ;1jxn .xhnp;; cd6+ star.


1.Define the term “Goldilocks zone”.

2.1.Label with the letter R the planet that is least likely to have extraterrestrial life present.

2.2Explain reasons for your answer to part (i).

3.1.Some of the planets in this solar system have water present on them. Suggest where this water might have come from.

3.2.Explain why the planets referred to in part (i) have retained water, whereas others in this solar system have not.

4.Suggest one other biological molecule, other than water, that may be a sign of life on a planet.

  Which of the following stpyjh 4mkm6: ((mwyjh/3 q9rrtatements explains how water has facilitated the evolution o(kmwrj3ht m/:r9p yh 6(m4y jqf life on Earth?