What property of water helps living organisms maintain the p5ozhn)n 10uh68qcdoir internal body temperature?hu 01con 6)5ndqoh zp8

  Which of the followinik/hlpr( g pg86j))8 yga2edzg is not soluble in water?

  What substances are attracted to water ztzqd2 -s h.s9and form intermolecular bonds with water molec2z t-9qszshd .ules?

  Which of the following is a reason for the retentionqs)cgmx0hal 6;3q ,lk of water on Earth?

  What is the most accepted theory for the origin of water on Eartzkw nuqy2qv5n78qk46 0oov0o h?

  What intermolecular bond is responsible fo(wpn- ch3mh 4k8o ijp8r water's cohesive, adhesive and thermal propert 3kw i8-m48jchp hnop(ies?

1.Outline how hydrogen bonds form between water moleks2kvg*0apvlr 9qoh. 9wb-a 4cules.

2.State one of the ways how hydrophilic substances interact with water.

3.State one of the ways how non-polar molecules interact with water.

4.Distinguish cohesion and adhesion.

  Which property of water enables marine animals suchg,f),kh hbc( b as the ringed seal (Pusa hispida) to stay afloat in water without expending large amounts ofcg(k, ,)hbhbf energy?

  The cohesive and adhesive properties : kc)h x54c -h(mvch1h jg0ttiof water allow xylem vessels to transport watc1 -x i(c cjhvh)h: 0kht4mgt5er inside plants.

Which of the following are correct descriptions of how these properties are related to water transport in plants?

  Which of the following is a reason that the Earth is considered to be in ‘45-n7x omue(x tl2ff yThe Goldilotmxx2(47 5yffn-lueo cks zone’, but Saturn is not?

  Which of the following statements about the dipolarit at2luj;pcw2:;5r08zt agyjiy of the water molecule are trt pizr0uja 28 2;;wjty:5glacue?
I. Oxygen attracts the shared electrons stronger than hydrogen.
II.Hydrogen atoms are partially negative.
III.The shared electrons spend more time closer to oxygen.

  Which of the following is not a reason that scientists look for thv.v xh+k(2q: 1irppuph:o hr(e presence of water on planets as a sign of extraterrestrial(ur: voi.v : h+p2rp(hpq1k xh life?

  Which term to describe a ouk8 f4 y +*9xn/xakwj6m0vji property of water is matched to its correct definition?fv08yjmaux*n kkj ow/946+i x

  The image shows a water strider (G. lacustris) on the surfacehm 9 -wy6td/rj of a pond. What property of water is not dep-y /md9wjt 6rhicted in the image?

Below is a picture of a water strihowv+) sdqv5,nc4t m5der (Gerris sp.).


1.Explain why the water strider (Gerris sp.) does not sink.
2.Describe, using an example, the importance of water as a solvent in living organisms.

The image shows a ringed seal (Pusa hispida) that lives in the Arctic Sea.;w q2:xk ocl1s


1.Distinguish between the physical properties of air and water that allow the seal to mostly live in the sea.
2.Ringed seals glide into the water head first from ice shelves, rather like humans diving into a pool head first. Explain the advantage of entering the water in this way rather than ‘belly-flopping’ into the water.

  An investigation was carried out into the mndl b)p-6v0y7z1)sa2g hdmf effects of household detergents on aquatic habitats. Scientists tested the effect of different household detergents 0m n)b1fldgmp7 zahd -vs62) yon the surface tension of water in order to better understand the impact they may have on organisms living on the surface.

A paper clip was folded slightly on one side and rested on the surface of the water, maintained at a constant temperature and contained within a water tank. Drops of detergent solution were slowly added to the water tank until the paperclip sank to the bottom. The volume of detergent solution taken to sink the paperclip was recorded.

Detergent solutions were made by adding 5 ml of detergent to 15 ml of water.


1.Describe the relationship between the volume of detergent solution added and the surface tension of water.

2.1.For the Easy Clean detergent, calculate the mean number of drops of detergent needed to sink the paper clip.
Mean =  ml
2.2.Estimate how many drops of Easy Clean detergent solution it would take to sink 5 paper clips.

3.1.State one variable, other than those given, which would need to be controlled in this experiment in order to achieve a valid result.
3.2.Suggest one method that could be used to keep the water at a constant temperature.
3.3.Explain the importance of maintaining water at a constant temperature.
3.4.Identify one potential source of error in the methodology.
4.Suggest why different numbers of drops of detergent solution were needed to sink the paperclip between each type of detergent.

  Which of the following idew-k by/p8qr,w9ij/s not a real-life example of adhesion?

The image shows a cross-sectiono6xl3e)fh* :n sxkhzk:c +t.y6 v7bon of the vascular tissue of a woody dicot stem, showing)y7o. h:cknvzx *+o3 bn te6kx hlf:6s the annual rings of phloem and xylem.


Explain how the properties of water allow it to be transported in the xylem.
Describe a physical property of water, other than those that are important for the movement of water through the plant, that makes water essential for the survival of plants.
Outline why plants cannot use water to transport lipids.
If the temperature drops to -1$^{\circ}$ for a few hours suggest a reason why the water in xylem may not freeze.

  The black-throated loon yc29- enpf f*h(Gavia arctica) is a bird that lives near large bodies of water in cold climates. Which of the following is a correct description of how the properties of water may make winter temperatures more moderate for the black-throated loon?*npe-f y2fc h9

  Which of the following st2 cloxnv;k j54atement(s) about the role of water as a solvent is corr2cxnk; ojv5l4 ect?

I. Salt can dissolve in water because it is hydrophilic
II. Lipids cannot dissolve in water because they are non-polar
III. Cellulose can dissolve in water, as it is able to form hydrogen bonds

  The micrograph beloweil-0x7rke)n; uma9 k+ f.s vk shows the longitudinal cross-section of a stem from a plant in the Pinkesl-xai . vekmku+f 0r;)n 97us genus. Xylem vessels are clearly visible.


The xylem is composed of hollow, tube-like tissues that transport water through capillary action. What property of water explains capillary action?

The diagram shows a solar system very similar to ours, where five planet8ctk +z5pc2pt:a+i f /kp7vnqn1 6xths orbit a central star.p t2c 58+htpnxfp+17kc :6/zat n ivqk


1.Define the term “Goldilocks zone”.

2.1.Label with the letter R the planet that is least likely to have extraterrestrial life present.

2.2Explain reasons for your answer to part (i).

3.1.Some of the planets in this solar system have water present on them. Suggest where this water might have come from.

3.2.Explain why the planets referred to in part (i) have retained water, whereas others in this solar system have not.

4.Suggest one other biological molecule, other than water, that may be a sign of life on a planet.

  Which of the following statements explains how water has facilitated f ;nqmq -ec2l,h 2b(0.l wlelcthe evolutionl;w-0b hccl ln2,f l.q mee2q( of life on Earth?