What property of water helps living organisms maintain their internal body temi1 /v+up1wl s; xkp4fgperatpwg14px/+ ;fusk i1vlure?

  Which of the following is not soluble in water?6js .uh(5)-r enro ij*f+eb0rzd ai*d

  What substances are attracted to water and form intermoleculavw 5kudj9tk +2(o but/r bonds with water molecule +9 k(ob/5tutu kdvwj2s?

  Which of the following is a reason for t6 0hxl cqb7mm7he retention of water on Earth?

  What is the most accepted theory for the origin of water on ufl-/k0bk9j f1k6i7ifcp.l r pg8e *mEarth?

  What intermolecular bond is responsible for water's cohesivu *2h2 1b4jz4z ufzmpyg l) p135gykpte, adhesive and therma g m4hy1fyzz25bpjzlg1 ukp* p)3tu2 4l properties?

1.Outline how hydrogen bonds form between water f. cnui5xqfk 3dwp , .id++3yrmolecules.

2.State one of the ways how hydrophilic substances interact with water.

3.State one of the ways how non-polar molecules interact with water.

4.Distinguish cohesion and adhesion.

  Which property of wate3ozpyoj n,0h9 r enables marine animals such as the ringed seal (Pusa hispida) to stan j9yo,ho0 p3zy afloat in water without expending large amounts of energy?

  The cohesive and adhesivz5/k 9.+l bmhxkv eum/e properties of water allow xylem vessels to transport water inside plants. m. k //uev+kxmhbzl95

Which of the following are correct descriptions of how these properties are related to water transport in plants?

  Which of the following is a reason that the Earth is considered 54ae aw20cc wtufh3d vzv-47ho6ne5e to be in ‘The Goldilocks zone’, but Satc4fo h7365vcwaut5we 2e0dea4 vz- hn urn is not?

  Which of the following 7qkdjhr45as -statements about the dipolarity of the water molecule are truq7kjhda5rs 4- e?
I. Oxygen attracts the shared electrons stronger than hydrogen.
II.Hydrogen atoms are partially negative.
III.The shared electrons spend more time closer to oxygen.

  Which of the following is not a reason that scientists look foi6 2bxhef v*,8:jxi0 qe4 g(e.pzjpnfr the presence of water on planets as a sign op*84x (. j fvpnj6:ez2i0f ,qgxibehe f extraterrestrial life?

  Which term to describe a property of wati/9 )k0kqbk,yje 1 efyiver,0er is matched to its correct definition?0k0 ekejy1y fv)r i/bi k,,q9e

  The image shows a water strider (G. lacustris) on the surface 1w ywc .p 65teh p3ai6 (4q4,gcsuecdlof a pond. What property of water is not depdi 3.e(p ugsq14 h6wc4c ltcy6aep,5wicted in the image?

Below is a picture of a water str5c 29)vo ck) hz)lfbhcider (Gerris sp.).


1.Explain why the water strider (Gerris sp.) does not sink.
2.Describe, using an example, the importance of water as a solvent in living organisms.

The image shows a ringed seal (Pusa hispida) thalz- x1ii6m+f1yaucln) o j9 4ct lives in the Arctic Sea.


1.Distinguish between the physical properties of air and water that allow the seal to mostly live in the sea.
2.Ringed seals glide into the water head first from ice shelves, rather like humans diving into a pool head first. Explain the advantage of entering the water in this way rather than ‘belly-flopping’ into the water.

  An investigation was carried out into the effects of househ-xom 3fsi c.,vold detergents on aquatic habitats. Scientists tested the effect of different household detergents on the surface tension of water in order to better unmvos f,ic.-x 3derstand the impact they may have on organisms living on the surface.

A paper clip was folded slightly on one side and rested on the surface of the water, maintained at a constant temperature and contained within a water tank. Drops of detergent solution were slowly added to the water tank until the paperclip sank to the bottom. The volume of detergent solution taken to sink the paperclip was recorded.

Detergent solutions were made by adding 5 ml of detergent to 15 ml of water.


1.Describe the relationship between the volume of detergent solution added and the surface tension of water.

2.1.For the Easy Clean detergent, calculate the mean number of drops of detergent needed to sink the paper clip.
Mean =  ml
2.2.Estimate how many drops of Easy Clean detergent solution it would take to sink 5 paper clips.

3.1.State one variable, other than those given, which would need to be controlled in this experiment in order to achieve a valid result.
3.2.Suggest one method that could be used to keep the water at a constant temperature.
3.3.Explain the importance of maintaining water at a constant temperature.
3.4.Identify one potential source of error in the methodology.
4.Suggest why different numbers of drops of detergent solution were needed to sink the paperclip between each type of detergent.

  Which of the following is not a real-life example of adhesi2ihmparq 2+ -uon?

The image shows a cross-section n4.vl b zl;f83xq fyj:of the vascular tissue of a woody dicot stem, showing the annual rings of phloeny:ll 4bffv3jz ;q. 8xm and xylem.


Explain how the properties of water allow it to be transported in the xylem.
Describe a physical property of water, other than those that are important for the movement of water through the plant, that makes water essential for the survival of plants.
Outline why plants cannot use water to transport lipids.
If the temperature drops to -1$^{\circ}$ for a few hours suggest a reason why the water in xylem may not freeze.

  The black-throated loon (Gavia arctica) is a br5 2m9 q70 psvh6pirksird that lives near large bodies of water in cold climates. Which of the following is a correct descripti52s0v7sp6ikq p rr hm9on of how the properties of water may make winter temperatures more moderate for the black-throated loon?

  Which of the following statement(s) about the role of water as a solvent is cn- po; (pmam9yorrectm- ponpay(m ;9?

I. Salt can dissolve in water because it is hydrophilic
II. Lipids cannot dissolve in water because they are non-polar
III. Cellulose can dissolve in water, as it is able to form hydrogen bonds

  The micrograph below shows the longitudinal cross-section of a stemnowfu3 wo .cye4: ,4svgvhu -; from a plant in the Pinus genus. Xylemeon4f- y.3u wsv,:4 c hwuv;og vessels are clearly visible.


The xylem is composed of hollow, tube-like tissues that transport water through capillary action. What property of water explains capillary action?

The diagram shows a sol 8e 9flg:h /nac.pqkd)ar system very similar to ours, where five planets orbit a central s f/.gqlc )ne:ha9d8 kptar.


1.Define the term “Goldilocks zone”.

2.1.Label with the letter R the planet that is least likely to have extraterrestrial life present.

2.2Explain reasons for your answer to part (i).

3.1.Some of the planets in this solar system have water present on them. Suggest where this water might have come from.

3.2.Explain why the planets referred to in part (i) have retained water, whereas others in this solar system have not.

4.Suggest one other biological molecule, other than water, that may be a sign of life on a planet.

  Which of the following statements explains how water zzl4 qwby f;l 6z37)swhas facilitated the evolution of life4y zz3 sz6lqwf7w)lb; on Earth?