What property of water helps living organik o;0x ( ffs)vk5o(eidmf5fu(sms maintain their internal body temperatur f5oo;d)k(uxi s5 0f(f( vemfke?

  Which of the following is not soluble in hc f*x :cj97xia(d6 skwater?

  What substances are attracted to water and form intermolecular borshbr w r1qjfzp50 i8)7azt78nds with water moleculesz8t71h75 0 pirrqr8)jzafb ws ?

  Which of the following is a reason for the retention of water on Earthrg9a3s*n( ooksd1 b+w?

  What is the most accepted theory for the origin of water on Ea-vx7o5 o ywoxy6a05durth?

  What intermolecular bond is responsible for water's coypswv *27nz d)hesive, adhesive and thermal p7w *vy)n2szdp roperties?

1.Outline how hydrogen bond;ly whn/44sux s form between water molecules.

2.State one of the ways how hydrophilic substances interact with water.

3.State one of the ways how non-polar molecules interact with water.

4.Distinguish cohesion and adhesion.

  Which property of water enables marine animals sucu5 yn5 q,py0z asph4c2fgb: 7xh as the ringed seal (Pusa hispida) to styx27 , psan gp55y40qbch uzf:ay afloat in water without expending large amounts of energy?

  The cohesive and adhesive properties of water allow xylem vessels to transportf0qwz.8g ( :qs z)xbpy water qb(wpfx .8g0)syz zq :inside plants.

Which of the following are correct descriptions of how these properties are related to water transport in plants?

  Which of the following is a reavl(ts 3-8:8 jfhc; gqf 1alr4evc:iepson that the Earth is considered to be in ‘The Goldilocks zone’, but la (4vjies tr:3c8 hvgcf8pfe:l1 q-;Saturn is not?

  Which of the following statements about the dipolarity knntuedt d191qxrhn2 t*x ,6/of the water molecule are de qt1,rdkn nttun2xx 9 h/*16true?
I. Oxygen attracts the shared electrons stronger than hydrogen.
II.Hydrogen atoms are partially negative.
III.The shared electrons spend more time closer to oxygen.

  Which of the following is not a reason that scientists look for th dg3cw3 bwe,bp;1stb/u 74nxe e presence of water on planets as a 4ebncg /bxe7swup3 d,t;b 3 w1sign of extraterrestrial life?

  Which term to describe a property of water im 2m opv-q3xts0/:bk4 p:jlpbs matched to its correct definition?:qm - vs:k3b2/ tm4px plopbj0

  The image shows a water strider (G. lacustris) on the hk14yg bw;3kksurface of a pond. What property of water is not depi h y4;kb3gk1kwcted in the image?

Below is a picture ofo-d2 i2ybtaoy*i ; z7n a water strider (Gerris sp.).


1.Explain why the water strider (Gerris sp.) does not sink.
2.Describe, using an example, the importance of water as a solvent in living organisms.

The image shows a ringed seal (Pusa hispida) that lives in thex puvf 8r6 rio;k6p0)u Arctic Sea.


1.Distinguish between the physical properties of air and water that allow the seal to mostly live in the sea.
2.Ringed seals glide into the water head first from ice shelves, rather like humans diving into a pool head first. Explain the advantage of entering the water in this way rather than ‘belly-flopping’ into the water.

  An investigation was carried out into the efox9bc3z + d9pifects of household detergents on aquatic habitats. Scientists tested the effect of different household detergents on the surface tension of water in order to better understand the impact they may have on organisms living on9p 9+dzx b3oci the surface.

A paper clip was folded slightly on one side and rested on the surface of the water, maintained at a constant temperature and contained within a water tank. Drops of detergent solution were slowly added to the water tank until the paperclip sank to the bottom. The volume of detergent solution taken to sink the paperclip was recorded.

Detergent solutions were made by adding 5 ml of detergent to 15 ml of water.


1.Describe the relationship between the volume of detergent solution added and the surface tension of water.

2.1.For the Easy Clean detergent, calculate the mean number of drops of detergent needed to sink the paper clip.
Mean =  ml
2.2.Estimate how many drops of Easy Clean detergent solution it would take to sink 5 paper clips.

3.1.State one variable, other than those given, which would need to be controlled in this experiment in order to achieve a valid result.
3.2.Suggest one method that could be used to keep the water at a constant temperature.
3.3.Explain the importance of maintaining water at a constant temperature.
3.4.Identify one potential source of error in the methodology.
4.Suggest why different numbers of drops of detergent solution were needed to sink the paperclip between each type of detergent.

  Which of the following is not a real-life exampl5.x dg6bf )vty -:a)fvrowo)k e of adhesion?

The image shows a cross-section of the vascularv(;q hvs3rxgt d)+ .foa/4nmx tissue of a woody dicot stem, showiqnvvh.x) t+ adrm ofs(;3 x/g4ng the annual rings of phloem and xylem.


Explain how the properties of water allow it to be transported in the xylem.
Describe a physical property of water, other than those that are important for the movement of water through the plant, that makes water essential for the survival of plants.
Outline why plants cannot use water to transport lipids.
If the temperature drops to -1$^{\circ}$ for a few hours suggest a reason why the water in xylem may not freeze.

  The black-throated loon (Gavia arctica) is a bi80 1zf okn(4*rupn(tb /c ud s:l-mscord that lives near large bodies of water in cold climates. Which o duz8pn0tn srm-os1lk(*o:4c/f(cb u f the following is a correct description of how the properties of water may make winter temperatures more moderate for the black-throated loon?

  Which of the following statement(s) about the role of wg ))302d8a:8epj h ryvpsmud rater as a solvent is correct? r:d8e jvh)p3rp8g0y )su d2ma

I. Salt can dissolve in water because it is hydrophilic
II. Lipids cannot dissolve in water because they are non-polar
III. Cellulose can dissolve in water, as it is able to form hydrogen bonds

  The micrograph below shows ther)lb 0 pt99o1edsd7z e longitudinal cross-section of a stem from a plant in the Pinus genus. Xylem vessels are cle7p be)0 erdtso zdl199arly visible.


The xylem is composed of hollow, tube-like tissues that transport water through capillary action. What property of water explains capillary action?

The diagram shows a solar fr(lpcfvu)8,a5a n8wp7lo3g i i od;9 system very similar to ours, where five planets orbit a cent) aa(;idfw l,5uo3glncpip 898 of7v rral star.


1.Define the term “Goldilocks zone”.

2.1.Label with the letter R the planet that is least likely to have extraterrestrial life present.

2.2Explain reasons for your answer to part (i).

3.1.Some of the planets in this solar system have water present on them. Suggest where this water might have come from.

3.2.Explain why the planets referred to in part (i) have retained water, whereas others in this solar system have not.

4.Suggest one other biological molecule, other than water, that may be a sign of life on a planet.

  Which of the following statements explains how water has facilitated the evolutilem;eu o3sz ,q-d 7u2aone ue;,2zu37ls qao m-d of life on Earth?