What property of watexb5jobh532 .ew tft ,3rgfj 1hr helps living organisms maintain their internal body tempe3x h h1rt 23bf. t5bgojw,f5ejrature?

  Which of the following is not soluble ca9v 8d );lu9u xr2qd7f+bovkin water?

  What substances are attracted to water and form intermolecular bonds with water eef6u h r2y4r;molecules?f46rh ;y 2reue

  Which of the following ifc0 gwz1+. dcm ru+qv- c;w;kss a reason for the retention of water on Earth?

  What is the most accepted theory for the origin of+vd2 hssvun*+6 sa 3lu5zmuo4 water on Earth?

  What intermolecular bond is responsible for water's cohes yie75qhnkq: /7hlpu6dxqx zs e*iw - 113saw4ive, adhesive and thermal prqia 1 ssd5ew 61 zhu-:khw 7lnq374ix/y q*expoperties?

1.Outline how hydrogen bonds formvg mg s1,: u*x/qu.edcxbs-w/ between water molecules.

2.State one of the ways how hydrophilic substances interact with water.

3.State one of the ways how non-polar molecules interact with water.

4.Distinguish cohesion and adhesion.

  Which property of water enables marine animals such as the ringed seal (Pusa hbubcd,n( 4 iuluu29)+ vlb4bpispida) tdcnuv)4u(p9b 2,4 l+lbb ibu uo stay afloat in water without expending large amounts of energy?

  The cohesive and adhesive properties of )ux,e i3 s0yfawater allow xylem vessels to transport water inside plan3y0 ixf)seua,ts.

Which of the following are correct descriptions of how these properties are related to water transport in plants?

  Which of the following is a reason that the Earth is considered to ;ozoqbn )uapbi719 iu5f16 gj be in ‘The Goldilocks zone’, b ngi1;qjioou6)9 1ap7uf5zbb ut Saturn is not?

  Which of the following statements about the dipol nifnv9ua7wb l,+j y(:arity of the water molecule are tr: l9nb7 +ay,wv(fn ujiue?
I. Oxygen attracts the shared electrons stronger than hydrogen.
II.Hydrogen atoms are partially negative.
III.The shared electrons spend more time closer to oxygen.

  Which of the following is not a reaso;wk4lx 0 7zt67w3aumeb +tri r.dk2 oun that scientists look for the presence of water on planets as a sign of extraterrestriaklizbaet 32r;6ux7d.t4k wro 7u 0mw +l life?

  Which term to describe a property of water is matched to its correct definimjvoh )ovj)dq,if-. ;*2u uoetion?-he * oiqjudj2).v),uofvom;

  The image shows a water strider (G. lacustris) on thejjw la09tlftwb)x 0d dwv4*8qim3m l5f*.ok2 surface of a pond. What property of water is not depictd)4d *j2 0l 5ifwlbj0389xwql kwo m vfma.*tted in the image?

Below is a picture of a water strider (Gerris rro1 q1ptt ublj -lr60x:v1(dm i(zv2sp.).


1.Explain why the water strider (Gerris sp.) does not sink.
2.Describe, using an example, the importance of water as a solvent in living organisms.

The image shows a ringed seal (Pusa hispida) that lives in the Arct)232oc6ome zhfgt ks /ic Sea.


1.Distinguish between the physical properties of air and water that allow the seal to mostly live in the sea.
2.Ringed seals glide into the water head first from ice shelves, rather like humans diving into a pool head first. Explain the advantage of entering the water in this way rather than ‘belly-flopping’ into the water.

  An investigation was carried out into the effects of household dvy c9( 4u i2eho0;uqdgaqju* ;etergents on aquatic habitats. Scientists tested the effect of different household detergents on the surface tension of water in order to better understand the impact they mq 20dq;e u 4o*jhcvyu;u9ia(gay have on organisms living on the surface.

A paper clip was folded slightly on one side and rested on the surface of the water, maintained at a constant temperature and contained within a water tank. Drops of detergent solution were slowly added to the water tank until the paperclip sank to the bottom. The volume of detergent solution taken to sink the paperclip was recorded.

Detergent solutions were made by adding 5 ml of detergent to 15 ml of water.


1.Describe the relationship between the volume of detergent solution added and the surface tension of water.

2.1.For the Easy Clean detergent, calculate the mean number of drops of detergent needed to sink the paper clip.
Mean =  ml
2.2.Estimate how many drops of Easy Clean detergent solution it would take to sink 5 paper clips.

3.1.State one variable, other than those given, which would need to be controlled in this experiment in order to achieve a valid result.
3.2.Suggest one method that could be used to keep the water at a constant temperature.
3.3.Explain the importance of maintaining water at a constant temperature.
3.4.Identify one potential source of error in the methodology.
4.Suggest why different numbers of drops of detergent solution were needed to sink the paperclip between each type of detergent.

  Which of the following is nk; 5czmn1-x n0xr+hqm6ybm e (ot a real-life example of adhesion?

The image shows a cross-secti, f56ik5x-m+pdttlb qon of the vascular tissue of a woody dicot stem, showing the annual rings of i5xd6ttm5f b ,pq+lk-phloem and xylem.


Explain how the properties of water allow it to be transported in the xylem.
Describe a physical property of water, other than those that are important for the movement of water through the plant, that makes water essential for the survival of plants.
Outline why plants cannot use water to transport lipids.
If the temperature drops to -1$^{\circ}$ for a few hours suggest a reason why the water in xylem may not freeze.

  The black-throated loon (Gavi3rpvyq)b wv ax1. 1+i po)cq4xa arctica) is a bird that lives near large bodies of water in cold climates. Which of the following is a correct description of how the properties of water may make winter temperatures more moderate for tpyioc1xr3)+x1v vq apw )b q.4he black-throated loon?

  Which of the following statement(s) about the role 4 7u f:ingt*sg /dnho7b uim14of water as a solvent is corr :u ig4 bgd *fi/hns1n7tm7u4oect?

I. Salt can dissolve in water because it is hydrophilic
II. Lipids cannot dissolve in water because they are non-polar
III. Cellulose can dissolve in water, as it is able to form hydrogen bonds

  The micrograph below shows the longitudinal cross-section of a sqtuhq+y mxx( p99 (tovi:kg *)tem from a plant in the Ppxyxi9 hgqu 9 q(m:+tv*ko t()inus genus. Xylem vessels are clearly visible.


The xylem is composed of hollow, tube-like tissues that transport water through capillary action. What property of water explains capillary action?

The diagram shows a solar stf6-nard )zr4 ystem very similar to ours, where five planets orbit a central s rdf4nta -zr6)tar.


1.Define the term “Goldilocks zone”.

2.1.Label with the letter R the planet that is least likely to have extraterrestrial life present.

2.2Explain reasons for your answer to part (i).

3.1.Some of the planets in this solar system have water present on them. Suggest where this water might have come from.

3.2.Explain why the planets referred to in part (i) have retained water, whereas others in this solar system have not.

4.Suggest one other biological molecule, other than water, that may be a sign of life on a planet.

  Which of the following statements explains how water has facilx8kqio p) rs58itated the evolution of life on Earth85)qoi k 8xsrp?