What property of water helps gx )0hoo)c xgn 7ilbz67d p81qliving organisms maintain their internal body temperatur0q 7p6blnihg)7 1d8xg oc) xzoe?

  Which of the following is not soluble in wate*rbhgqw3.es n+q tp./r?

  What substances are attracted to watersyf*iq9a r )+)vtc1 s9 lkoxe(wh3io7 and form intermolecular bonds with water mol ) s1xo q3+o(9c rt7elay kihiwf9s*)vecules?

  Which of the following is a reason for the. j0m5sbg06c gb mmo/v retention of water on Earth?

  What is the most accepted theory for,wyj bsm9 41zswp1g f( the origin of water on Earth?

  What intermolecular bond is responsible for water's cohesi gb9fxl+ 86ep m).fraove, adhesive and therm+x6fo9).8 pal rbfegm al properties?

1.Outline how hydrogen bonds form between water molecuwa6xr.o -p;7rc:wb:ha p jzf+les.

2.State one of the ways how hydrophilic substances interact with water.

3.State one of the ways how non-polar molecules interact with water.

4.Distinguish cohesion and adhesion.

  Which property of water enables marine animals syl 2iup*w(6 (r bjxv)l7ek6anuch as the ringed seal (Pusa hispida) to stay afloatkxu(lpw n6(b 67ry) ije2*lva in water without expending large amounts of energy?

  The cohesive and adhesive properties isi ;oq6i k,gts52nu3 of water allow xylem vessels to transport water inside plt ,2s qign 6;ouki5i3sants.

Which of the following are correct descriptions of how these properties are related to water transport in plants?

  Which of the following is a reason that the Eaft+*-rddo wi 9*)jh fqrth is considered to be in ‘The Goldilocks zone’, but Saturn is nqrd**w-f )oih f+d 9tjot?

  Which of the following statements about the dipolarity of the uafb0o)d5;ohov - d3+plbx, a water molecule are trueuaofd)holad, bp3-o0x+; 5bv ?
I. Oxygen attracts the shared electrons stronger than hydrogen.
II.Hydrogen atoms are partially negative.
III.The shared electrons spend more time closer to oxygen.

  Which of the following is not a reason that scientists look ; ,p.xjusf*-kuun.h +nh1kdi for the presence of water on planets as a signuk.-*n ,su1 x.fdhjnup i+hk; of extraterrestrial life?

  Which term to describe a property of water is matched to its co1uxc uzx(j/84e5k -znakp4 r prrect definition?xzx(ap j84 pkn-c51u/zuker4

  The image shows a water strider (G. lacustris) on the surfbxs i7yv;-n c0ace of a pond. What property of wn c-b70ysi; vxater is not depicted in the image?

Below is a picture of a water strider (Gerris sp.)(gnb u4 b .j.n2cgd9qz.


1.Explain why the water strider (Gerris sp.) does not sink.
2.Describe, using an example, the importance of water as a solvent in living organisms.

The image shows a ringed seal (Pusa his9y n9e.os;f.f*l e yjipida) that lives in the Arctic Sea.


1.Distinguish between the physical properties of air and water that allow the seal to mostly live in the sea.
2.Ringed seals glide into the water head first from ice shelves, rather like humans diving into a pool head first. Explain the advantage of entering the water in this way rather than ‘belly-flopping’ into the water.

  An investigation was carried out into the effects of household detergents on aqsnr; v: mmuh0juemsd79(ui.4uatic habitats. Scientists tested the effect of differentimv4djshe uu 0;r9u7s: n (m.m household detergents on the surface tension of water in order to better understand the impact they may have on organisms living on the surface.

A paper clip was folded slightly on one side and rested on the surface of the water, maintained at a constant temperature and contained within a water tank. Drops of detergent solution were slowly added to the water tank until the paperclip sank to the bottom. The volume of detergent solution taken to sink the paperclip was recorded.

Detergent solutions were made by adding 5 ml of detergent to 15 ml of water.


1.Describe the relationship between the volume of detergent solution added and the surface tension of water.

2.1.For the Easy Clean detergent, calculate the mean number of drops of detergent needed to sink the paper clip.
Mean =  ml
2.2.Estimate how many drops of Easy Clean detergent solution it would take to sink 5 paper clips.

3.1.State one variable, other than those given, which would need to be controlled in this experiment in order to achieve a valid result.
3.2.Suggest one method that could be used to keep the water at a constant temperature.
3.3.Explain the importance of maintaining water at a constant temperature.
3.4.Identify one potential source of error in the methodology.
4.Suggest why different numbers of drops of detergent solution were needed to sink the paperclip between each type of detergent.

  Which of the following is not a realtm/;kyh2l -/j6ocjmxl)o w k /-life example of adhesion?

The image shows a cross-section of the vasculaaf(m 41;wwclk gw( j:q oxy+5pr tissue of a woody dicot stem, showing the annual rings of phloem and+5 y :pqwfjl gw(1wokcm(x;4a xylem.


Explain how the properties of water allow it to be transported in the xylem.
Describe a physical property of water, other than those that are important for the movement of water through the plant, that makes water essential for the survival of plants.
Outline why plants cannot use water to transport lipids.
If the temperature drops to -1$^{\circ}$ for a few hours suggest a reason why the water in xylem may not freeze.

  The black-throated loon (Gavia arctica) is a bird that lives ndha t3odv*2jar 9/:klear large bodies of water in cold climates. Which of the following is a correct descriptio9hdk*3/j v:r aldat2on of how the properties of water may make winter temperatures more moderate for the black-throated loon?

  Which of the following statement(s) about2fqhfv l wkqjs+ so2; 8s98ym9 the role of water as a solvent is correct?m s ;s9+hq28j9 swo8lkq fvfy2

I. Salt can dissolve in water because it is hydrophilic
II. Lipids cannot dissolve in water because they are non-polar
III. Cellulose can dissolve in water, as it is able to form hydrogen bonds

  The micrograph below shows the longitudiogn.h xz8n91;ro)f /xj ;ywwanal cross-section of a stem from a plant in the Pinus genus. Xyle 9x)x.1n w8ozf;g ryjho w/;nam vessels are clearly visible.


The xylem is composed of hollow, tube-like tissues that transport water through capillary action. What property of water explains capillary action?

The diagram shows a solar system very similak;w3 5 odhmb; p4fsvu+r to ours, where five planets orbit a oh+k 5w 3b;ud;smvf4pcentral star.


1.Define the term “Goldilocks zone”.

2.1.Label with the letter R the planet that is least likely to have extraterrestrial life present.

2.2Explain reasons for your answer to part (i).

3.1.Some of the planets in this solar system have water present on them. Suggest where this water might have come from.

3.2.Explain why the planets referred to in part (i) have retained water, whereas others in this solar system have not.

4.Suggest one other biological molecule, other than water, that may be a sign of life on a planet.

  Which of the following statements explains how water h3sc,d:0ba:at swr ;f uas facilitated the evolution t:df0a,cw3: ubsr ; asof life on Earth?