What property of water vhs 4t/m dal6*u1v 1wkhelps living organisms maintain their internal body tempera* vau6 1msvd4 /lwtkh1ture?

  Which of the following is not s3*ajz5kzqssx .ry )* moluble in water?

  What substances are attracted to water and form in7vbl(*uku eq -termolecular bonds with water mo7 ekl* (-vbuuqlecules?

  Which of the following is a,5y(v)* ac4u dozj fjdwj/ld/ reason for the retention of water on Earth?

  What is the most accepted theory for the origin of water on Earthm nz 0ip7hjz ik5/j8+z?

  What intermolecular bomn40uhsd,+4;f9tfut ;k *jvwnfxd*bnd is responsible for water's cohesive, adhesive and thermal properties;wtd+jfdf4t*f kmb h *nvux 9n0s;,4u?

1.Outline how hydrogen0n3dsv ul5j6 gj8 csd- bonds form between water molecules.

2.State one of the ways how hydrophilic substances interact with water.

3.State one of the ways how non-polar molecules interact with water.

4.Distinguish cohesion and adhesion.

  Which property of water enables marine animals such as the ringed se zz0 c)6zj6f4 n2fnqboal (Pusa hispida) to 64fz 0bc)zfnn o 2qj6zstay afloat in water without expending large amounts of energy?

  The cohesive and adhesive properties of water allow29y+0pak jf f;tl, vrtm f3.rm xylem vessels to transport water inside pla .pm y9jt t+fkfrf;m3a ,0rv2lnts.

Which of the following are correct descriptions of how these properties are related to water transport in plants?

  Which of the following is a reason that the Earth is considered to beswmh c 9i9r8t2 in ‘The Goldilocks zone’, but Saturn is no 8r9mwi2c9tsh t?

  Which of the following statements about thiw k ;b2bwi*;de dipolarity of the water molecule are trukb2dbi w;iw; *e?
I. Oxygen attracts the shared electrons stronger than hydrogen.
II.Hydrogen atoms are partially negative.
III.The shared electrons spend more time closer to oxygen.

  Which of the following is not a reason that scientists look for the bol3rr4kj z)0md9*bi presence of water on plane3m9kd z0*jb4lor b)rits as a sign of extraterrestrial life?

  Which term to describe a property of water is matched to its correct defm4,o4gyt im 5finition?i4mmot yfg ,45

  The image shows a water strider (G. lax:tj 57v gm)khm ya*2ocustris) on the surface of a pond. What property of water is not depicted in t*kma52mtx:jo )7hvy ghe image?

Below is a picture of a water strider (Gerr o 2kp: yxy qox0g4qjti2h6r1s 02doz1is sp.).


1.Explain why the water strider (Gerris sp.) does not sink.
2.Describe, using an example, the importance of water as a solvent in living organisms.

The image shows a ringed seal (Pusa hispida) that lives in the Arceq9,0t/4ghr q rkhsa, tic Sea.


1.Distinguish between the physical properties of air and water that allow the seal to mostly live in the sea.
2.Ringed seals glide into the water head first from ice shelves, rather like humans diving into a pool head first. Explain the advantage of entering the water in this way rather than ‘belly-flopping’ into the water.

  An investigation was carried out into the effects of household detergo +5ah2t+m:r9)wrhkt.qhr p l3/pekp ents on aquatic habitats. Scientists tested the effect of different household detergents on the surface tension of water in order to better understand the impact they may have on organisms living on the surface.h 9 tl5mrk h.2th qpkewp/3ro)+r :p+a

A paper clip was folded slightly on one side and rested on the surface of the water, maintained at a constant temperature and contained within a water tank. Drops of detergent solution were slowly added to the water tank until the paperclip sank to the bottom. The volume of detergent solution taken to sink the paperclip was recorded.

Detergent solutions were made by adding 5 ml of detergent to 15 ml of water.


1.Describe the relationship between the volume of detergent solution added and the surface tension of water.

2.1.For the Easy Clean detergent, calculate the mean number of drops of detergent needed to sink the paper clip.
Mean =  ml
2.2.Estimate how many drops of Easy Clean detergent solution it would take to sink 5 paper clips.

3.1.State one variable, other than those given, which would need to be controlled in this experiment in order to achieve a valid result.
3.2.Suggest one method that could be used to keep the water at a constant temperature.
3.3.Explain the importance of maintaining water at a constant temperature.
3.4.Identify one potential source of error in the methodology.
4.Suggest why different numbers of drops of detergent solution were needed to sink the paperclip between each type of detergent.

  Which of the following i7qrmy(g4z.hvcwqu3 + s not a real-life example of adhesion?

The image shows a cross-section of the vascular tissue of a woody dicot f(lbb1 gp 8f7vhzsg)c hig(xa1w3+:kstem, showing the annual rings of phlickflg sb)h(: b gw pzah(f1xv1 783+goem and xylem.


Explain how the properties of water allow it to be transported in the xylem.
Describe a physical property of water, other than those that are important for the movement of water through the plant, that makes water essential for the survival of plants.
Outline why plants cannot use water to transport lipids.
If the temperature drops to -1$^{\circ}$ for a few hours suggest a reason why the water in xylem may not freeze.

  The black-throated loo) mx dj7qs;.kc/f8vpsn (Gavia arctica) is a bird that lives near large bodies of water in cold climates. Which of the following is a correct description of how the properties of water may make winter temperatures more moderate for the black-tk8d 7xjq;sc . /f)smpvhroated loon?

  Which of the following statement(s) about the - h)m bdv7j;zyrole of water as a solvent is correc)z7;yhbj -vmdt?

I. Salt can dissolve in water because it is hydrophilic
II. Lipids cannot dissolve in water because they are non-polar
III. Cellulose can dissolve in water, as it is able to form hydrogen bonds

  The micrograph below shows the longit.v18y oyn sn;mudinal cross-section of a stem from a plant in the Pinus genus. Xylem vessels are clear;n.m os1yv8nyly visible.


The xylem is composed of hollow, tube-like tissues that transport water through capillary action. What property of water explains capillary action?

The diagram shows a solar system very similar to ours, where9 vps7y49ezmjz +p:urzx .5ve five planets orbit a central st9px9zm e rz+py:u4 .se7vv j5zar.


1.Define the term “Goldilocks zone”.

2.1.Label with the letter R the planet that is least likely to have extraterrestrial life present.

2.2Explain reasons for your answer to part (i).

3.1.Some of the planets in this solar system have water present on them. Suggest where this water might have come from.

3.2.Explain why the planets referred to in part (i) have retained water, whereas others in this solar system have not.

4.Suggest one other biological molecule, other than water, that may be a sign of life on a planet.

  Which of the following statements explaint6:pjhu,. 78vd dpdohs how water has facilitated the evolution of life o.dhujp,:87htd vd 6p on Earth?