What property of water helps living organisms maintain their internal body te8 dfzcm)1sqg/mperaturefm g/d)q1zcs8?

  Which of the following is not soluble in and6v)ohh 3m g.s8w2j water?

  What substances are attracted to water and form intexkkhfjx 0(/ wdr9w;- ermolecular bonds with water mok;9xe(fj- rwhdk0 xw/ lecules?

  Which of the following is a sjis1g6fr z6,:0 iadtreason for the retention of water on Earth?

  What is the most accepted th19spliy 0iht s9y6+ fneory for the origin of water on Earth?

  What intermolecular bond is responsible for water's cohesive, adhesive(bw p,hb*.- aax ykrj7 and thermal k ., -x(7awjya*rbbhpproperties?

1.Outline how hydrogen bonds form between water mol(/jg tb4j hx8w9e w3xevg)xe*ecules.

2.State one of the ways how hydrophilic substances interact with water.

3.State one of the ways how non-polar molecules interact with water.

4.Distinguish cohesion and adhesion.

  Which property of water enables marine animals such as they/apd 7f9rd-bp( u fc; ringed seal (Pusa hispida) to stay afloat in wateub/(d7;9ryd-f pcp afr without expending large amounts of energy?

  The cohesive and adhesive properties of water allow xylem vedifq:nnou zu)4c 6*0c.7ecnvssels to transport wateren0on:7)qv n4 uiuc cc.fz 6d* inside plants.

Which of the following are correct descriptions of how these properties are related to water transport in plants?

  Which of the following is a reason that the Ez wp6w :s) 1gsk7rrd tn4xe9:harth is considered to be in ‘The Goldilocks zone’, h1z97gewk :s wst4d:)rx n 6rpbut Saturn is not?

  Which of the following statements about the dipolarity 7 /fdjljpq 5b9dk6 v-s t4k3nxof the water molecule are trft6l7d v xjnj sk59pk4-b3 qd/ue?
I. Oxygen attracts the shared electrons stronger than hydrogen.
II.Hydrogen atoms are partially negative.
III.The shared electrons spend more time closer to oxygen.

  Which of the followi qd231neex(rbu4+0fs m do oqs5qz;4 wng is not a reason that scientists look for the presence of water on planets as a sign of extraterre0 (5 zq3ou1b+ x2dsfeenq4qm 4owd sr;strial life?

  Which term to describe a property of water is matched to its correct -63znkc g0hbldefinition?zhc-kb 30n6 gl

  The image shows a water strider (G. lacustris) on the surface of a pond. What phjml /yh n.dy)l13hw 4roperty of water is not deh4nj.y hw) /ldl31yhmpicted in the image?

Below is a picture of a w+se8*lt2cgg b 0k;fyh ater strider (Gerris sp.).


1.Explain why the water strider (Gerris sp.) does not sink.
2.Describe, using an example, the importance of water as a solvent in living organisms.

The image shows a ringed seal (Pusa f,ij4l b;t2zc/ u6hldhispida) that lives in the Arctic Sea.


1.Distinguish between the physical properties of air and water that allow the seal to mostly live in the sea.
2.Ringed seals glide into the water head first from ice shelves, rather like humans diving into a pool head first. Explain the advantage of entering the water in this way rather than ‘belly-flopping’ into the water.

  An investigation was carried out into the l1n /w0 sp71qm)w ,sunlmni1n effects of household detergents on aquatic habitats. Scientists tested the el 1nsn 1n7 )w,1lmumspiqn w0/ffect of different household detergents on the surface tension of water in order to better understand the impact they may have on organisms living on the surface.

A paper clip was folded slightly on one side and rested on the surface of the water, maintained at a constant temperature and contained within a water tank. Drops of detergent solution were slowly added to the water tank until the paperclip sank to the bottom. The volume of detergent solution taken to sink the paperclip was recorded.

Detergent solutions were made by adding 5 ml of detergent to 15 ml of water.


1.Describe the relationship between the volume of detergent solution added and the surface tension of water.

2.1.For the Easy Clean detergent, calculate the mean number of drops of detergent needed to sink the paper clip.
Mean =  ml
2.2.Estimate how many drops of Easy Clean detergent solution it would take to sink 5 paper clips.

3.1.State one variable, other than those given, which would need to be controlled in this experiment in order to achieve a valid result.
3.2.Suggest one method that could be used to keep the water at a constant temperature.
3.3.Explain the importance of maintaining water at a constant temperature.
3.4.Identify one potential source of error in the methodology.
4.Suggest why different numbers of drops of detergent solution were needed to sink the paperclip between each type of detergent.

  Which of the following is not a real-life example of adhes )pik.yymmi ah+r;hf5 )2rc.xion?

The image shows a cross-section of the vascular tissue of a w5;vsibz 3zi v:8jhp7cl; f f(boody dicot stem, showing the annual rings of phlo i 8b ;h5 fjl:vvsz;fcp3b(z7iem and xylem.


Explain how the properties of water allow it to be transported in the xylem.
Describe a physical property of water, other than those that are important for the movement of water through the plant, that makes water essential for the survival of plants.
Outline why plants cannot use water to transport lipids.
If the temperature drops to -1$^{\circ}$ for a few hours suggest a reason why the water in xylem may not freeze.

  The black-throated loon (Gavia arctica) xferjtc c6;x2 - ie :-53xyeneis a bird that lives near large bodies of water in cold climates. Which of the following is a correct description of how the properties of water may ma-6; f 2rce53xxnety-e cj:xeike winter temperatures more moderate for the black-throated loon?

  Which of the following statement(s) about the role of water as a solvent is c /rd 6sapx6ljhpq g*/2.d. *wp hoxqg)orrplpqd 6wgh*/*d jhg.qrp.s6 oxa/2x)ect?

I. Salt can dissolve in water because it is hydrophilic
II. Lipids cannot dissolve in water because they are non-polar
III. Cellulose can dissolve in water, as it is able to form hydrogen bonds

  The micrograph below shows the longitudinal cross-section of a stem from zy3f+ j3au0q(t.kvi m a plant in the Pinus genus. Xylem vessels are clv. ztkj03 m+y3aiuf(qearly visible.


The xylem is composed of hollow, tube-like tissues that transport water through capillary action. What property of water explains capillary action?

The diagram shows a solar system very similar to ours, whera eg (ilf8p 91qp)hgvnks;6e)s + dvi1e five planets orbit a central pfh 6e 9iad;nqgg11kp)l v(ss +)ev8istar.


1.Define the term “Goldilocks zone”.

2.1.Label with the letter R the planet that is least likely to have extraterrestrial life present.

2.2Explain reasons for your answer to part (i).

3.1.Some of the planets in this solar system have water present on them. Suggest where this water might have come from.

3.2.Explain why the planets referred to in part (i) have retained water, whereas others in this solar system have not.

4.Suggest one other biological molecule, other than water, that may be a sign of life on a planet.

  Which of the following statements explains how water has facilitax9mi8tyny30:r lm46m/zj c nrted the evolution of life on Earth?n:x / y6r 9n3icy4lm8m0t mrjz