What property of watk.atmy,9-f o hr- ykt3er helps living organisms maintain their internal body temperaturer 3ko-9 -tktyy fha.m,?

  Which of the following is not svofw unh28fq /y8)aox ro*04b oluble in water?

  What substances are attracted to water and form ki7.q u0ioi*,p)ixyrintermolecular bonds with water mip *i o0qryi7i.u)kx,olecules?

  Which of the following is a reason for the retentrl-ns*le,b 5; oz bdd7ion of water on Earth?

  What is the most accepted theory for the origin of waiv)( g43 oq7mn o, c,m z3lhi28srs21qjawbcp ter on Earth?

  What intermolecular bond is responsiblet i2duu4 h 39yih)yb;e for water's cohesive, adhesive and thermal pi)d3e b h9uh;4yt yiu2roperties?

1.Outline how hydrogen bonds foh/ ;f1r8d m (rbmqpe x8v6bso8rm between water molecules.

2.State one of the ways how hydrophilic substances interact with water.

3.State one of the ways how non-polar molecules interact with water.

4.Distinguish cohesion and adhesion.

  Which property of water enables marine animalsf:nz +ojg +kgoydkw5i79 f7d2 such as the ringed seal (Pusa hispida) to stay afloat in water witfw7 +jo zk:29g+of5ydkndig7hout expending large amounts of energy?

  The cohesive and adhesive properties of waterkcn0;g*x.6 k gpyirqc 6ho6/2nje6ea allow xylem vessels to transport water insideying .gc q6 k0 np266e6koc* x/;ejahr plants.

Which of the following are correct descriptions of how these properties are related to water transport in plants?

  Which of the following is a reason that the Eaxk/ wgpkb y 2-j/e0k+erth is considered to be in ‘The Goldilocks zonee b j2wxk/ye-k 0/pgk+’, but Saturn is not?

  Which of the following statements about the dipolarity ow ga;mth*;si tpc3gs.i+t .v 6f the water molecule are tsmw.av+ i. tt; h;tg 3igspc*6rue?
I. Oxygen attracts the shared electrons stronger than hydrogen.
II.Hydrogen atoms are partially negative.
III.The shared electrons spend more time closer to oxygen.

  Which of the following is not a reason that scientists loo;:zbjr8 vxi3mw l+l)4bi:zt nk for the presence of wa:jirbnzvl; :b lmti +w83z)x4ter on planets as a sign of extraterrestrial life?

  Which term to describe a property of water is matched to ithribo0f u2*x)5s fv:us correct definition?2 ux)sfr0 obh fuv:*i5

  The image shows a water strider (G. lacustris) r6mworf-1m( q on the surface of a pond. What propertym(6-r ofmrwq 1 of water is not depicted in the image?

Below is a picture o axck// u9/dn/6slcz ( aqygh/f a water strider (Gerris sp.).


1.Explain why the water strider (Gerris sp.) does not sink.
2.Describe, using an example, the importance of water as a solvent in living organisms.

The image shows a ringed seal (otq * i8x4c)gm k8kzb4Pusa hispida) that lives in the Arctic Sea.


1.Distinguish between the physical properties of air and water that allow the seal to mostly live in the sea.
2.Ringed seals glide into the water head first from ice shelves, rather like humans diving into a pool head first. Explain the advantage of entering the water in this way rather than ‘belly-flopping’ into the water.

  An investigation was casish,4f( q7cwqk5oc 9rried out into the effects of household detergents on aquatic habitats. Scientists tested the effect of different household detergents on the surface tension of water in order to better understand the impact they may have on organisms living on the susqqwk7( ccf 5oih 94s,rface.

A paper clip was folded slightly on one side and rested on the surface of the water, maintained at a constant temperature and contained within a water tank. Drops of detergent solution were slowly added to the water tank until the paperclip sank to the bottom. The volume of detergent solution taken to sink the paperclip was recorded.

Detergent solutions were made by adding 5 ml of detergent to 15 ml of water.


1.Describe the relationship between the volume of detergent solution added and the surface tension of water.

2.1.For the Easy Clean detergent, calculate the mean number of drops of detergent needed to sink the paper clip.
Mean =  ml
2.2.Estimate how many drops of Easy Clean detergent solution it would take to sink 5 paper clips.

3.1.State one variable, other than those given, which would need to be controlled in this experiment in order to achieve a valid result.
3.2.Suggest one method that could be used to keep the water at a constant temperature.
3.3.Explain the importance of maintaining water at a constant temperature.
3.4.Identify one potential source of error in the methodology.
4.Suggest why different numbers of drops of detergent solution were needed to sink the paperclip between each type of detergent.

  Which of the following is not a real-life example of adhesio2g sg. 3pnpl;vp1+fio9jb rz(n?

The image shows a cross-sec1*d 4 zjign+fwtion of the vascular tissue of a woody dicot stem, showing the annual rings of phljg wz4* fnd+1ioem and xylem.


Explain how the properties of water allow it to be transported in the xylem.
Describe a physical property of water, other than those that are important for the movement of water through the plant, that makes water essential for the survival of plants.
Outline why plants cannot use water to transport lipids.
If the temperature drops to -1$^{\circ}$ for a few hours suggest a reason why the water in xylem may not freeze.

  The black-throated loon (Gavia arctica) is a bird that livesn16uozel397xjv( 7xv2 sg p-in pwu3j near large bodies of water in cold climates. Which of the following is a correct description of how the properties3 u2ux nw(vj-x i 977 js3engp6zpvol1 of water may make winter temperatures more moderate for the black-throated loon?

  Which of the following statement(s) about the role of water as a solvent is yfguog( 748fcl9tbj9at ofbsp.e.3 m 3v ht :8correct?bgjb3h p8s.t 7 eafoyttl9f:9.ugo 3m(8v c 4f

I. Salt can dissolve in water because it is hydrophilic
II. Lipids cannot dissolve in water because they are non-polar
III. Cellulose can dissolve in water, as it is able to form hydrogen bonds

  The micrograph belowu25suv()pk t hd 4- -xy,hvzan shows the longitudinal cross-section of a stem from a plant in the Pinus genus. Xylem vessels are clearly vihv huv(4- tsu5dn)kxy2z,- pasible.


The xylem is composed of hollow, tube-like tissues that transport water through capillary action. What property of water explains capillary action?

The diagram shows a solar system very similar to ours, w 3o (cz0(,ql2-gvqqaso+nz)jg) gznj here five planets orbit aqong-nz)g3l20jc +sg zzqqa) ( oj v,( central star.


1.Define the term “Goldilocks zone”.

2.1.Label with the letter R the planet that is least likely to have extraterrestrial life present.

2.2Explain reasons for your answer to part (i).

3.1.Some of the planets in this solar system have water present on them. Suggest where this water might have come from.

3.2.Explain why the planets referred to in part (i) have retained water, whereas others in this solar system have not.

4.Suggest one other biological molecule, other than water, that may be a sign of life on a planet.

  Which of the following statements explains how water haf3 o9olitj bz3.l+h/l s facilitated the evolution of life on 9b3oi.llhofz/j +t3lEarth?