What property of water helps living or -6 vnvrfdx)z+ganisms maintain their internal body temperatvz d)-6nf+ vrxure?

  Which of the following is not soluble in water?s8j xv.z/vtf /

  What substances are attracted to water and form intermolecular bonds with q,mpo fh24kb*i sa57ewater molec7bep k25 ohf4 ms*aqi,ules?

  Which of the following 85bm,yrb*w9h xrl3)ij r6t v jis a reason for the retention of water on Earth?

  What is the most accepted theory for the originkfce12:ycjtl0 g. ui + of water on Earth?

  What intermolecular bond is responstj b.0ttid:. v2v c3taible for water's cohesive, adhesive and therm.t. taic bjt:2d 3vv0tal properties?

1.Outline how hydrogen bonds form betwmt7( g 0fzt-cvi/i3c+,x behc d51 byseen water molecules.

2.State one of the ways how hydrophilic substances interact with water.

3.State one of the ways how non-polar molecules interact with water.

4.Distinguish cohesion and adhesion.

  Which property of water nqp:if 0,5hekenables marine animals such as the ringed seal (Pusa hispida) to stay afloat i:n05ke ,f phqin water without expending large amounts of energy?

  The cohesive and adhesive properties of water allow xylem vessels to transpo3; tl6i:hkt pxu9 l m+4hbt,yvrt water in tl6v+pki,xt4t huy: l3h 9mb;side plants.

Which of the following are correct descriptions of how these properties are related to water transport in plants?

  Which of the following is a reason that the Earth is considered to beuz x+sc5p qtm35amj76+2osbg in ‘The Goldilocks zone’5 zut+asom2+s bq65 px7j 3mcg, but Saturn is not?

  Which of the following statements about the dipolq yfx f)bab3e7 ;y4dxd,iwf:9 arity of the water molecule are true?;, fd :aff3b qx9y47)iedxbwy
I. Oxygen attracts the shared electrons stronger than hydrogen.
II.Hydrogen atoms are partially negative.
III.The shared electrons spend more time closer to oxygen.

  Which of the following is,.,g-g htaymfvwulq: u/)k 3n not a reason that scientists look for the presence of water on planets as a sign oftn lg,-h y3)muv u., kg/:waqf extraterrestrial life?

  Which term to describe a property of water is matched to its correct des /lk.2j:ypybg3fh(fgh:c l2b 54pg rfinition?bfg25pr j2 s:hgplycbf/:kl3 .4(hyg

  The image shows a water strider 6g-iypot+uk( (G. lacustris) on the surface of a pond. What property of water itpi +yug -6(oks not depicted in the image?

Below is a picture of a water strider (Ge 9lu/ytzw nvc45 pl12nrris sp.).


1.Explain why the water strider (Gerris sp.) does not sink.
2.Describe, using an example, the importance of water as a solvent in living organisms.

The image shows a ringed seal (Pusa hispida) th5;5rmvqfn;y /nzf3 o aat lives in the Arctic Sea.


1.Distinguish between the physical properties of air and water that allow the seal to mostly live in the sea.
2.Ringed seals glide into the water head first from ice shelves, rather like humans diving into a pool head first. Explain the advantage of entering the water in this way rather than ‘belly-flopping’ into the water.

  An investigation was carried out into the effesn ob .s.hl h1b6+qc7scts of household detergents on aquatic habitats. Scientists tested the effect of different household detergents on the surface tension of wbhoqn hs +cs7b .6l.s1ater in order to better understand the impact they may have on organisms living on the surface.

A paper clip was folded slightly on one side and rested on the surface of the water, maintained at a constant temperature and contained within a water tank. Drops of detergent solution were slowly added to the water tank until the paperclip sank to the bottom. The volume of detergent solution taken to sink the paperclip was recorded.

Detergent solutions were made by adding 5 ml of detergent to 15 ml of water.


1.Describe the relationship between the volume of detergent solution added and the surface tension of water.

2.1.For the Easy Clean detergent, calculate the mean number of drops of detergent needed to sink the paper clip.
Mean =  ml
2.2.Estimate how many drops of Easy Clean detergent solution it would take to sink 5 paper clips.

3.1.State one variable, other than those given, which would need to be controlled in this experiment in order to achieve a valid result.
3.2.Suggest one method that could be used to keep the water at a constant temperature.
3.3.Explain the importance of maintaining water at a constant temperature.
3.4.Identify one potential source of error in the methodology.
4.Suggest why different numbers of drops of detergent solution were needed to sink the paperclip between each type of detergent.

  Which of the following is not a real-life vsse2:; f r6wlexample of adhesion?

The image shows a cross-section of the vascular tissue of tbn7zfb+dfn.( 42xym a woody dicot stem, showing the x( f7.n42bbyn+tfdmz annual rings of phloem and xylem.


Explain how the properties of water allow it to be transported in the xylem.
Describe a physical property of water, other than those that are important for the movement of water through the plant, that makes water essential for the survival of plants.
Outline why plants cannot use water to transport lipids.
If the temperature drops to -1$^{\circ}$ for a few hours suggest a reason why the water in xylem may not freeze.

  The black-throated loon (Gavia arctica)xo/xwhimn1p74gin :g un7hx3ze -qu*a )q4p3 is a bird that lives near large bodies ofe4p7xpuzqn4/:i)nqx1x *g3w - 7 no giu3ahmh water in cold climates. Which of the following is a correct description of how the properties of water may make winter temperatures more moderate for the black-throated loon?

  Which of the following stateme ,l jj:nu;.b. ;1 lf02skvjio5 ozmiiont(s) about the role of water as a solvent is correct? j mo:kinzs;ll0ji1.obj.2o u ,v ;f5i

I. Salt can dissolve in water because it is hydrophilic
II. Lipids cannot dissolve in water because they are non-polar
III. Cellulose can dissolve in water, as it is able to form hydrogen bonds

  The micrograph below shows the longitudinal cross-sec0 j8ohyhpis*+a 2 4fedtion of a stem from a plant in the Pinus genus. Xylem vessels are clearly visib*d2s4yj8e foa hi0+p hle.


The xylem is composed of hollow, tube-like tissues that transport water through capillary action. What property of water explains capillary action?

The diagram shows a solar system very similar to ours, whereoznwvr.v*z5g 2 ,tx (pt+1yd yavhquk*n0 1:f five planets orbit a central star. tky:+zhx. vy1 v(ad1nwp 2vg*f to n ,0zuqr*5


1.Define the term “Goldilocks zone”.

2.1.Label with the letter R the planet that is least likely to have extraterrestrial life present.

2.2Explain reasons for your answer to part (i).

3.1.Some of the planets in this solar system have water present on them. Suggest where this water might have come from.

3.2.Explain why the planets referred to in part (i) have retained water, whereas others in this solar system have not.

4.Suggest one other biological molecule, other than water, that may be a sign of life on a planet.

  Which of the following statements explains how water has facilitat u4 .5ktjtrbbt1ix3y 8ed the evolution of lif83.jb tty t4i5k1rubxe on Earth?