What property of water hel)une5 k(jqmyyr ;j0trk2fb 5 ;nh:fm.ps living organisms maintain their internal body tempe.rmnyke hn)5f;k(mj yt j2 5r0fb ;:qurature?

  Which of the following is not/mz6qcprc-4 i soluble in water?

  What substances are attracted to water and form intermolecular bonds with w5p. ezi pyasd/7 jog zcut/j6 03omb/0ater molec 6g 57/ j/ouc/.asty0oebzpi0jdpz3 mules?

  Which of the following isv0suo o.q gu-(,k02;b kun til a reason for the retention of water on Earth?

  What is the most accepted theory for the origin of water on Eartyhc xctpp*cr p*okb35a+57m5 h?

  What intermolecular bond is responsible for water's cohesive, adhesive and thermpw o45w6cgv; oal properti gw;5c4vo6opw es?

1.Outline how hydrogen bonds form between water moleculesmb802 j-gywus.

2.State one of the ways how hydrophilic substances interact with water.

3.State one of the ways how non-polar molecules interact with water.

4.Distinguish cohesion and adhesion.

  Which property of water enables marine animals such as the ui2lr.nr v--y ringed seal (Pusa hispida) to stay afloat ir nu2v .-i-ryln water without expending large amounts of energy?

  The cohesive and adhesive properties of water allow xylem vessels to tranmloqt.w.2qm * sport wate*.l.2 otwmmqqr inside plants.

Which of the following are correct descriptions of how these properties are related to water transport in plants?

  Which of the following is a reason that the Earth is consid/ock (eg98tml q14fkhom6 z(spui,b -ered to be in ‘The Goldilom/qk(o 9 kfcz,t g4si6 u8lo(-1bhpmecks zone’, but Saturn is not?

  Which of the following statements about the dipolarity of the water mopok5t (3mp/yyi8.b f( zkb+qe lecule are tem3ty/zf(k ypq b (oi.kb8+p 5rue?
I. Oxygen attracts the shared electrons stronger than hydrogen.
II.Hydrogen atoms are partially negative.
III.The shared electrons spend more time closer to oxygen.

  Which of the following is not a reason that scientists l e0 jzt 5-rntk49csyq.ook for the presence of water on planets as a sign of extrt.9s4jq zk-yr0e5tcn aterrestrial life?

  Which term to describe a prop h bg( g296em8 moizv(nd9jdc7rv s04lerty of water is matched to its correct definition?o0942(6lbec 9hzdg is7v8nd vr (mjm g

  The image shows a water strider (G. lacustris) onc-lpqznys,1 2 z xzs ud)5om24 the surface of a pond. What property of water is not depicted in the im5nxzu2qzzmc- dl,2sy4s1 )p oage?

Below is a picture of a water strider (Gerrisqvdzc5dgd:ykb(cr+fr:. 0 : ojh0 zg9 sp.).


1.Explain why the water strider (Gerris sp.) does not sink.
2.Describe, using an example, the importance of water as a solvent in living organisms.

The image shows a ringed seal (Puznxrxpb90p7(ik+jsd * l2 40 lyjrc )lsa hispida) that lives in the Arctic Sea.


1.Distinguish between the physical properties of air and water that allow the seal to mostly live in the sea.
2.Ringed seals glide into the water head first from ice shelves, rather like humans diving into a pool head first. Explain the advantage of entering the water in this way rather than ‘belly-flopping’ into the water.

  An investigation was carried out indzhz4z.p009 rfw 7ycnb 6 xzl)to the effects of household detergents on aquatic habitats. Scientists tested the effect of different household detergents on the surface tension of waterb6dznrw9zx). 0zzyfh4p 7l0c in order to better understand the impact they may have on organisms living on the surface.

A paper clip was folded slightly on one side and rested on the surface of the water, maintained at a constant temperature and contained within a water tank. Drops of detergent solution were slowly added to the water tank until the paperclip sank to the bottom. The volume of detergent solution taken to sink the paperclip was recorded.

Detergent solutions were made by adding 5 ml of detergent to 15 ml of water.


1.Describe the relationship between the volume of detergent solution added and the surface tension of water.

2.1.For the Easy Clean detergent, calculate the mean number of drops of detergent needed to sink the paper clip.
Mean =  ml
2.2.Estimate how many drops of Easy Clean detergent solution it would take to sink 5 paper clips.

3.1.State one variable, other than those given, which would need to be controlled in this experiment in order to achieve a valid result.
3.2.Suggest one method that could be used to keep the water at a constant temperature.
3.3.Explain the importance of maintaining water at a constant temperature.
3.4.Identify one potential source of error in the methodology.
4.Suggest why different numbers of drops of detergent solution were needed to sink the paperclip between each type of detergent.

  Which of the following is not a real-life example of zpf*rxs i15+c adhesion?

The image shows a cross-sexbtp0tcv3h2; ction of the vascular tissue of a woody dicot stem, showing the annual rings ; h30p2btct xvof phloem and xylem.


Explain how the properties of water allow it to be transported in the xylem.
Describe a physical property of water, other than those that are important for the movement of water through the plant, that makes water essential for the survival of plants.
Outline why plants cannot use water to transport lipids.
If the temperature drops to -1$^{\circ}$ for a few hours suggest a reason why the water in xylem may not freeze.

  The black-throated loon (Gavia arctica) is a bird tft mwt-v8;/ skd93oz 2j,x sr+kl: ens1vd7lthat lives near large bodies of water in cold climates. Whichvt1v l dkfwnj +x3ezs7ot9-d :t k ms/ls28,r; of the following is a correct description of how the properties of water may make winter temperatures more moderate for the black-throated loon?

  Which of the following statement(s) aboj,- el(i,6r3hblgydc ut the role of water as a solvent is correct? ill6 j,he3 ( rdb-y,gc

I. Salt can dissolve in water because it is hydrophilic
II. Lipids cannot dissolve in water because they are non-polar
III. Cellulose can dissolve in water, as it is able to form hydrogen bonds

  The micrograph below shows the longitudir5 4;+eew jdlhnal cross-section of a stem from a plant in the Pinus genus. Xylem vessels are5lh;+ d4 erjew clearly visible.


The xylem is composed of hollow, tube-like tissues that transport water through capillary action. What property of water explains capillary action?

The diagram shows a solar system very similar to ours, where five planets6 win l ji-5x/,j2cvak orbit a centr2 in5lvkji 6,wcxja/ -al star.


1.Define the term “Goldilocks zone”.

2.1.Label with the letter R the planet that is least likely to have extraterrestrial life present.

2.2Explain reasons for your answer to part (i).

3.1.Some of the planets in this solar system have water present on them. Suggest where this water might have come from.

3.2.Explain why the planets referred to in part (i) have retained water, whereas others in this solar system have not.

4.Suggest one other biological molecule, other than water, that may be a sign of life on a planet.

  Which of the following statements explains how water has f6eunz2a2 ( v c4ca l6jaom7y4iacilitated the evolution of life onza 26v c2 6ucaj 4y7ol4maie(n Earth?