What property of water helps living organipl4(re 0q.-8uvc5 l rj yk+kcw:(sn (zqg)uudsms maintain their internal body temperature?u k:l4plwq-u (cr+gcv(e85j( z).qdy rns0ku

  Which of the followie l0-(qc z1j5q+ w uc1mxsqs2sng is not soluble in water?

  What substances are attracted to water and form intermolekp -*qg1rv4m acular bonds with water m*p- aqv14kmrgolecules?

  Which of the following is a reason fo)0/ixmb1z jcol5herf s 8n82x r the retention of water on Earth?

  What is the most acceptey m: ng)5,lbpl*f;pu nmbvog mi:d729d theory for the origin of water on Earth?

  What intermolecular bond is responsible for water'sj*b7p9ifj: xm x4luzx;9ssi* cohesive, adhesive and thermal psix*mxj9u; 7*4silf jz :xbp 9roperties?

1.Outline how hydrogen bonds form between water molecu)*waem1l it a*les.

2.State one of the ways how hydrophilic substances interact with water.

3.State one of the ways how non-polar molecules interact with water.

4.Distinguish cohesion and adhesion.

  Which property of water enables marine animals such as the ringed seal (Pusa hista j (kn0 g;vswl657clpis5 vcjgtwnk67l0l(a; da) to stay afloat in water without expending large amounts of energy?

  The cohesive and adhesive properties of water allow xylem vessels to transport :.i1w2p kfa mhwater inside plants. pf1h m:2 kiw.a

Which of the following are correct descriptions of how these properties are related to water transport in plants?

  Which of the following is a reason that the Earth is considered to be in ‘The Go0, a ,mcrnd3h8bgpq5bldilbhp,cgd3r 8m0q,an5 bocks zone’, but Saturn is not?

  Which of the following statements about the dipolarity ofzcm;3nh-pk,ncuh 0 )g zt;kl - the water molecule are truelzch,tm kh ncz 3-)un pg;-0;k?
I. Oxygen attracts the shared electrons stronger than hydrogen.
II.Hydrogen atoms are partially negative.
III.The shared electrons spend more time closer to oxygen.

  Which of the following is not a reason that scientists look for the prqm;nz 6 3zmiv9:6u .j.)hqapvzv kah6esence of water on planets as a sign of extraterrestri 6:q).6um9hpja qhmni 6v;v.kaz z3vzal life?

  Which term to describe a prop l112ot1zqan, gub fj:erty of water is matched to its correct definition?,ftb:j11 unza1g qol 2

  The image shows a water strider (G. lacustris) wjkcc).quh n5ol; f5/ on the surface of a pond. What property of water is not depicted o;j5)ch5. flnqkc/ uwin the image?

Below is a picture of a water stridf13ee*jr(sj xer (Gerris sp.).


1.Explain why the water strider (Gerris sp.) does not sink.
2.Describe, using an example, the importance of water as a solvent in living organisms.

The image shows a ringed seal (Pusa hispida) that lives in the Arb 4i7 5bxe,nhukg3b. va2 y5wdctic Sea.


1.Distinguish between the physical properties of air and water that allow the seal to mostly live in the sea.
2.Ringed seals glide into the water head first from ice shelves, rather like humans diving into a pool head first. Explain the advantage of entering the water in this way rather than ‘belly-flopping’ into the water.

  An investigation was carried out into the effectsb (5 xi w4jdyiv00*p.rrlgng7 of household detergents on aquatic habitats. Scientists tested the effect of different household detergents on the surface tension of water in order to better understand the impac0rb *v(wg i0l xgrnip. 5jd47yt they may have on organisms living on the surface.

A paper clip was folded slightly on one side and rested on the surface of the water, maintained at a constant temperature and contained within a water tank. Drops of detergent solution were slowly added to the water tank until the paperclip sank to the bottom. The volume of detergent solution taken to sink the paperclip was recorded.

Detergent solutions were made by adding 5 ml of detergent to 15 ml of water.


1.Describe the relationship between the volume of detergent solution added and the surface tension of water.

2.1.For the Easy Clean detergent, calculate the mean number of drops of detergent needed to sink the paper clip.
Mean =  ml
2.2.Estimate how many drops of Easy Clean detergent solution it would take to sink 5 paper clips.

3.1.State one variable, other than those given, which would need to be controlled in this experiment in order to achieve a valid result.
3.2.Suggest one method that could be used to keep the water at a constant temperature.
3.3.Explain the importance of maintaining water at a constant temperature.
3.4.Identify one potential source of error in the methodology.
4.Suggest why different numbers of drops of detergent solution were needed to sink the paperclip between each type of detergent.

  Which of the following is not a real-life ex*g3li1+wz swv.z 2:a wr.x cgjample of adhesion?

The image shows a cross-section of the vascular tissue of a woody dic1nt ss:j; h bh1sk9v(qot stem, showing the annual ri(v1jnshh9k qt1s ;s:bngs of phloem and xylem.


Explain how the properties of water allow it to be transported in the xylem.
Describe a physical property of water, other than those that are important for the movement of water through the plant, that makes water essential for the survival of plants.
Outline why plants cannot use water to transport lipids.
If the temperature drops to -1$^{\circ}$ for a few hours suggest a reason why the water in xylem may not freeze.

  The black-throated loon (Gavia arctica) is a bird/coq5um7t2j) no - jlz that lives near large bodies of water in cold climates. Which of the following is a correct description of how the propertie)mtj2o7/oz qcujn5 l- s of water may make winter temperatures more moderate for the black-throated loon?

  Which of the following statement(s) about the role w32rmdh2i b3sxj( k zv)cdp1:* sbcs3of water as a solvent is corr3h2xb:sd cckv3* z b jps2mi1ds)( 3wrect?

I. Salt can dissolve in water because it is hydrophilic
II. Lipids cannot dissolve in water because they are non-polar
III. Cellulose can dissolve in water, as it is able to form hydrogen bonds

  The micrograph below ti(6amwb1:+9mma zdx5 :fnm bshows the longitudinal cross-section of a stem from a plantf+dai6n :x1wtm5m(bmbzm a9: in the Pinus genus. Xylem vessels are clearly visible.


The xylem is composed of hollow, tube-like tissues that transport water through capillary action. What property of water explains capillary action?

The diagram shows a solar system very simg( yffac;c560 wh zg5uilar to ours, where five planets orbit f5fcz w(c ;6aug05 yhga central star.


1.Define the term “Goldilocks zone”.

2.1.Label with the letter R the planet that is least likely to have extraterrestrial life present.

2.2Explain reasons for your answer to part (i).

3.1.Some of the planets in this solar system have water present on them. Suggest where this water might have come from.

3.2.Explain why the planets referred to in part (i) have retained water, whereas others in this solar system have not.

4.Suggest one other biological molecule, other than water, that may be a sign of life on a planet.

  Which of the following statements explains how water has facilitated the evolgwn(yi qg7/6ou*ro t, ution of life on Eay q,( rt/o7g*6wignu orth?