What property of water helps living organisms eqkgtf.4na s+-ac )5n maintain their internal body tempera +n )4sa5cnqfgtk.e a-ture?

  Which of the followin+) p .i2r d;t/rsvn25qrd dpeqg is not soluble in water?

  What substances are attracted t)iga -abcv)*mo water and form intermolecular bonds with water m i bvmg*)caa-)olecules?

  Which of the following is a reason for enp7h1g*uv4r w g o7ydx,0 3xp 7m4dymthe retention of water on Earth?

  What is the most accepted theory for the origin of v+ujvu hhm7(1t 2 -f8lf ,hterwater on Earth?

  What intermolecular bond is responsible for water's cohesive, 4 i*vp0oa, wreadhesive and thermal propertie 0*ev ,4aiorpws?

1.Outline how hydrogen bowg-u4qn *dh4mnds form between water molecules.

2.State one of the ways how hydrophilic substances interact with water.

3.State one of the ways how non-polar molecules interact with water.

4.Distinguish cohesion and adhesion.

  Which property of water enables marine / 2k. ae 2dtpvbbd) hnpdd11r2animals such as the ringed seal (Pusa hispida) to stay afloat in water without expending ladk2hp2/n 1r )atb dv1ed.bpd2 rge amounts of energy?

  The cohesive and adhesive properties of water allow xylem vessels to :wu25; ,2borzb r5cpn*l-3 qsukvdqc transport water inside plantskul2scqb:rr; *wc b5-2v3,d5q z pno u.

Which of the following are correct descriptions of how these properties are related to water transport in plants?

  Which of the following is a reason thacb,zng6 g 0a5nlew+0 ft the Earth is considered to be in ‘The Goldilocks zone’, but Saturn is lg 6z,bn0 5aegfw0n+cnot?

  Which of the following state)0q*:ochf o q apmx17+hcy,igments about the dipolarity of the water molecule are trchqcg:1a of mh,o*ixpq0 )y+7ue?
I. Oxygen attracts the shared electrons stronger than hydrogen.
II.Hydrogen atoms are partially negative.
III.The shared electrons spend more time closer to oxygen.

  Which of the following is not a reason that scientists look fdw1h nnb+ 0sc9or the presence of water on planets as a sign of extraterres+1 nh dn0swcb9trial life?

  Which term to describe a property of water i*i0ux j qvl(9is matched to its correct definition?(xl vi0iu*9qj

  The image shows a water strider (G. lacustris) on the s ruwjg ;cgbe+:9*w)pi65l 0clm0 pfkhurface of a pond. What property of water is not depicted l5cr +g0c9wpk 6j w)lh;b mupie*fg0:in the image?

Below is a picture of a water dznwjh/0zec ;+xh(3;vhw f3qstrider (Gerris sp.).


1.Explain why the water strider (Gerris sp.) does not sink.
2.Describe, using an example, the importance of water as a solvent in living organisms.

The image shows a ringed sea8x4j.o/ * h 1yjvgy .smg/ogpal (Pusa hispida) that lives in the Arctic Sea.


1.Distinguish between the physical properties of air and water that allow the seal to mostly live in the sea.
2.Ringed seals glide into the water head first from ice shelves, rather like humans diving into a pool head first. Explain the advantage of entering the water in this way rather than ‘belly-flopping’ into the water.

  An investigation was carried out into the effects of hlgymq,*js g8l h8xk; u/m,aw .ousehold detergents on aquatic habitats. Scientists tested the effect of different household detergents on the surface tension of water in order to better understand the impact they may have on orga/m8mg ,qkh,lw*j; sg au8lyx.nisms living on the surface.

A paper clip was folded slightly on one side and rested on the surface of the water, maintained at a constant temperature and contained within a water tank. Drops of detergent solution were slowly added to the water tank until the paperclip sank to the bottom. The volume of detergent solution taken to sink the paperclip was recorded.

Detergent solutions were made by adding 5 ml of detergent to 15 ml of water.


1.Describe the relationship between the volume of detergent solution added and the surface tension of water.

2.1.For the Easy Clean detergent, calculate the mean number of drops of detergent needed to sink the paper clip.
Mean =  ml
2.2.Estimate how many drops of Easy Clean detergent solution it would take to sink 5 paper clips.

3.1.State one variable, other than those given, which would need to be controlled in this experiment in order to achieve a valid result.
3.2.Suggest one method that could be used to keep the water at a constant temperature.
3.3.Explain the importance of maintaining water at a constant temperature.
3.4.Identify one potential source of error in the methodology.
4.Suggest why different numbers of drops of detergent solution were needed to sink the paperclip between each type of detergent.

  Which of the following is not fknzdp* vk+8)/l+dn da real-life example of adhesion?

The image shows a cross-section of the vascular tissue of a wooji i y9li 2(/:lf9uoibdy dicot stem, showing the i9i( 2yblju/9i if l:oannual rings of phloem and xylem.


Explain how the properties of water allow it to be transported in the xylem.
Describe a physical property of water, other than those that are important for the movement of water through the plant, that makes water essential for the survival of plants.
Outline why plants cannot use water to transport lipids.
If the temperature drops to -1$^{\circ}$ for a few hours suggest a reason why the water in xylem may not freeze.

  The black-throated loon (Gavia arctica) is a bird that lives near larbxvj *)f8g7,mc /+v2y uh6uqhccsu 7rge bodies of water in cold climates. Which of the vuh2jc c,uv r*)h/7gf86+muxysbq7cfollowing is a correct description of how the properties of water may make winter temperatures more moderate for the black-throated loon?

  Which of the following statement(s) about the: 8ajdln0riypj7g6/j r8 m:bn role of water as a solvent is corr6na:y/i jrdj808p b glnmjr7:ect?

I. Salt can dissolve in water because it is hydrophilic
II. Lipids cannot dissolve in water because they are non-polar
III. Cellulose can dissolve in water, as it is able to form hydrogen bonds

  The micrograph below shows the longitudf3snk qklf f9d9f, p9(inal cross-section of a stem from a plant in the Pinus genus. Xylem vessels are clearly visible.sffdklf399k 9pf( qn,


The xylem is composed of hollow, tube-like tissues that transport water through capillary action. What property of water explains capillary action?

The diagram shows a solar system very sboj1kxd dwa746v(8c cimilar to ours, where five planets orbit a c 7cac4d b1odx6vk8jw( entral star.


1.Define the term “Goldilocks zone”.

2.1.Label with the letter R the planet that is least likely to have extraterrestrial life present.

2.2Explain reasons for your answer to part (i).

3.1.Some of the planets in this solar system have water present on them. Suggest where this water might have come from.

3.2.Explain why the planets referred to in part (i) have retained water, whereas others in this solar system have not.

4.Suggest one other biological molecule, other than water, that may be a sign of life on a planet.

  Which of the following statements explains how water has facilitatex3,hp t5jnmd0ncd9 ay4m6( uq) wih)sd the evolution of lj3 csw)dm4qutxhny5ad ( m h)p9 i0,6nife on Earth?