What property of water helps living organisms9em d dvx(o+pi7n90dq maintain their internal body temperatu9vqdnm+7 0d9p odei(xre?

  Which of the following is not soluble lo/ysyxx7n 1 pk//sa3 in water?

  What substances are attracted to water and form intermolecular bonds with wao+1i*x 6 zdbq2nuea m8w 6r+ruter moleculesnurx6bm u +2a1+ioez*dq68wr ?

  Which of the following is a reason for they,ezy9wd.cs2bve. 5j retention of water on Earth?

  What is the most accepted theory for the origin of water om tw7jdl n-,i8n Earth?

  What intermolecular bozaq:x 3qb(cpi cu3* eq wf10jdz,v 0z(nd is responsible for water's cohesive, adhesive and thermal proac,d3uq(*10xbq f3 jpwzzvc0(eq i: zperties?

1.Outline how hydroge fy/hb jcn6ro(uv2:)cjt c19z n bonds form between water molecules.

2.State one of the ways how hydrophilic substances interact with water.

3.State one of the ways how non-polar molecules interact with water.

4.Distinguish cohesion and adhesion.

  Which property of water enables marine a (13ubaa pm(wrnimals such as the ringed seal (Pusa hispida) to stay afloat in water without expending larg3r( aaw( mbu1pe amounts of energy?

  The cohesive and adhesive properties of wate-f3mrdib 5j 3j7j5zow r allow xylem vessels to transport waterj5 3j- d5 7mrjzoifb3w inside plants.

Which of the following are correct descriptions of how these properties are related to water transport in plants?

  Which of the following is a reason that the Earth is considered to be uye,;/bo5+r u co2fsuin ‘The Goldilocks zone’, b/us,co5fo;byr +u2 euut Saturn is not?

  Which of the following ltgwt1+ y-du*statements about the dipolarity of the water molecule are trutdu+1gwt l *-ye?
I. Oxygen attracts the shared electrons stronger than hydrogen.
II.Hydrogen atoms are partially negative.
III.The shared electrons spend more time closer to oxygen.

  Which of the following is not a reason that scientists look for ger1 fl.h1bp0 i6ogygx-,8 iv the presence of water grp8h1 ,0bo1-v.lg yi6igef x on planets as a sign of extraterrestrial life?

  Which term to describe a pr.wo :m*1b)p bse6 rjbroperty of water is matched to its correct definition?)e*jbs rbb.6wpo 1rm :

  The image shows a water strider (G. lacustris) on the surface of a b: xs+p8oqwp7-y ec6apond. What property of water is not depicted in toa-qeb ppsxw +c876y:he image?

Below is a picture of a water strider (Gerris sp.)jux-v dur80q8.


1.Explain why the water strider (Gerris sp.) does not sink.
2.Describe, using an example, the importance of water as a solvent in living organisms.

The image shows a ringed seal (Pusa hispida) tha;jt -s*j)rgi lt lives in the Arctic Sea.


1.Distinguish between the physical properties of air and water that allow the seal to mostly live in the sea.
2.Ringed seals glide into the water head first from ice shelves, rather like humans diving into a pool head first. Explain the advantage of entering the water in this way rather than ‘belly-flopping’ into the water.

  An investigation was carried out into the effects of hf0fc ;u/lr n :pw2l6f de5wn9household detergents on aquatic habitats. Scientists tested the effect of different household detergents on the surface tension of water in order to better understand the impact they may have on organisms living on the surl9/ ;f 6u0r 5:n2fwe cldfhnwpface.

A paper clip was folded slightly on one side and rested on the surface of the water, maintained at a constant temperature and contained within a water tank. Drops of detergent solution were slowly added to the water tank until the paperclip sank to the bottom. The volume of detergent solution taken to sink the paperclip was recorded.

Detergent solutions were made by adding 5 ml of detergent to 15 ml of water.


1.Describe the relationship between the volume of detergent solution added and the surface tension of water.

2.1.For the Easy Clean detergent, calculate the mean number of drops of detergent needed to sink the paper clip.
Mean =  ml
2.2.Estimate how many drops of Easy Clean detergent solution it would take to sink 5 paper clips.

3.1.State one variable, other than those given, which would need to be controlled in this experiment in order to achieve a valid result.
3.2.Suggest one method that could be used to keep the water at a constant temperature.
3.3.Explain the importance of maintaining water at a constant temperature.
3.4.Identify one potential source of error in the methodology.
4.Suggest why different numbers of drops of detergent solution were needed to sink the paperclip between each type of detergent.

  Which of the following is not a real-l ez6 (4nr2xkpvp msb0f )q5u5vife example of adhesion?

The image shows a cross-section of the vascular tissue0 az4fme3+8 2lpa-)jfp reg: kde4ce c of a woody dicot stem, showing the annual ring 8e3+plfz)mp4ee a20rjdf 4a -ckcge: s of phloem and xylem.


Explain how the properties of water allow it to be transported in the xylem.
Describe a physical property of water, other than those that are important for the movement of water through the plant, that makes water essential for the survival of plants.
Outline why plants cannot use water to transport lipids.
If the temperature drops to -1$^{\circ}$ for a few hours suggest a reason why the water in xylem may not freeze.

  The black-throated loon (Gavia arctb uc1m7 tdp8p8+.e ub0jpib.aica) is a bird that lives near large bodies of water in cold climates. Which of the following is a correct description of how the properties of water may make winter temperatures more moder+ a8jeu i7cbp8bpmtdb.0p.1 uate for the black-throated loon?

  Which of the following statement(s) about the role of water as a solvent is corr do6 jul8y(x r*cclo,)e* c6l,8ur(x )yd joolcct?

I. Salt can dissolve in water because it is hydrophilic
II. Lipids cannot dissolve in water because they are non-polar
III. Cellulose can dissolve in water, as it is able to form hydrogen bonds

  The micrograph below shows the longitudinal ncp8pkw v0p/ :gcp(ljis wo:8.tf*1,lzo p j 7cross-section of a stem from a plant in the Pinus genus. Xylem vessels ar8pl:,tinpjs8wo c.1 p* kv o7 jc(wp l:fzp0g/e clearly visible.


The xylem is composed of hollow, tube-like tissues that transport water through capillary action. What property of water explains capillary action?

The diagram shows a solar system very similar toausa h/f,3nj+lrsyz wyws(d6325wg j +e4dh; ours, where five planets orbit a ce/rw2nu s 3y4ja; asgw5,h3+w+(l hdz s 6feyjdntral star.


1.Define the term “Goldilocks zone”.

2.1.Label with the letter R the planet that is least likely to have extraterrestrial life present.

2.2Explain reasons for your answer to part (i).

3.1.Some of the planets in this solar system have water present on them. Suggest where this water might have come from.

3.2.Explain why the planets referred to in part (i) have retained water, whereas others in this solar system have not.

4.Suggest one other biological molecule, other than water, that may be a sign of life on a planet.

  Which of the following statements d -nskxvnw.6+ explains how water has facilitated the evolution ofndn+k6 w xs.v- life on Earth?