What property of water helps liviw;*mf 2g8jeapowqi - .ng organisms maintain their internal body temperao 82gjmie.wp -w* ;afqture?

  Which of the following is not soluble inct7vm+ lwgmggt02;b 8 water?

  What substances are attracted to water and fm wsa8;by*.7ldabl 2s orm intermolecular bonds with water mol b*da;a7 .ll mbys8w2secules?

  Which of the following is a reason for the retention of water on Ea.qh)4ea c mp 2*v/tkbp(s+ttxrth?

  What is the most accepted theory for the yb46 (ln-jutz origin of water on Earth?

  What intermolecular bond is responsible for.6pexvx v-1mq)3) k-cf 3gujb iktif9 water's cohesive, adhesive and thermal propertiesk3mqiev1.xg u-pc 6 )xj-ki9vb)tf3f?

1.Outline how hydrogen bonds form betweenuy1gwz4twx3,aq,;k3 q(apwh water molecules.

2.State one of the ways how hydrophilic substances interact with water.

3.State one of the ways how non-polar molecules interact with water.

4.Distinguish cohesion and adhesion.

  Which property of water enables marine an bwy-;ogkkhy:1l9 - go*1awe zimals such as the ringed seal (Pusa hispida) to stay aflolboywok ;-h*:9k-gya e1 1gzw at in water without expending large amounts of energy?

  The cohesive and adhesive properti+tkvhm6afzew 7 p*v4*es of water allow xylem vessels to transport watertvhk47e w*pavf6m*z + inside plants.

Which of the following are correct descriptions of how these properties are related to water transport in plants?

  Which of the following is a reason that wy-0o*yamg- e the Earth is considered to be in ‘The Goldilocks zone’, but Saturn is notwy0-y eg amo-*?

  Which of the following statements about the dipolarity of the water molecule arexb: gc,j/myvdt8o8 3*paw p4z truezbjo8,yw *dx4a: c vp8t3/pmg?
I. Oxygen attracts the shared electrons stronger than hydrogen.
II.Hydrogen atoms are partially negative.
III.The shared electrons spend more time closer to oxygen.

  Which of the following is not a reason that scientists look fl4hd6e ltmpms1wc6 61 or the presence of water on pllm h1e6s641mldtp w6canets as a sign of extraterrestrial life?

  Which term to describe a property of water is matched to it;gd:.wntrw;90lobw t1ytu.k s correct definition?t; .n:b0owku.ygl dw w tr1t;9

  The image shows a water strider (G. lacustris) on the surfacep 7j;g4 6rh jley:;usush5ps. of a pond. What propertrlu76spj;;hh4js g u.ep :ys5 y of water is not depicted in the image?

Below is a picture of a water strider (Geh2zstip 1gz0fcf6)/m hev( 8.fow-c orris sp.).


1.Explain why the water strider (Gerris sp.) does not sink.
2.Describe, using an example, the importance of water as a solvent in living organisms.

The image shows a ringed seal (Pusa hispida) that lives in the Arcticni* adn 4gi:,d Sea.


1.Distinguish between the physical properties of air and water that allow the seal to mostly live in the sea.
2.Ringed seals glide into the water head first from ice shelves, rather like humans diving into a pool head first. Explain the advantage of entering the water in this way rather than ‘belly-flopping’ into the water.

  An investigation was carried out into the effects of household detergents (.z3(dhigim 2 a b;mps c zo;r-soc5t+on aquatic habitats. Scientists tested the effect of different household detergents on the s5i ;op3obh(s2itm +r-m cg.;dc a(z zsurface tension of water in order to better understand the impact they may have on organisms living on the surface.

A paper clip was folded slightly on one side and rested on the surface of the water, maintained at a constant temperature and contained within a water tank. Drops of detergent solution were slowly added to the water tank until the paperclip sank to the bottom. The volume of detergent solution taken to sink the paperclip was recorded.

Detergent solutions were made by adding 5 ml of detergent to 15 ml of water.


1.Describe the relationship between the volume of detergent solution added and the surface tension of water.

2.1.For the Easy Clean detergent, calculate the mean number of drops of detergent needed to sink the paper clip.
Mean =  ml
2.2.Estimate how many drops of Easy Clean detergent solution it would take to sink 5 paper clips.

3.1.State one variable, other than those given, which would need to be controlled in this experiment in order to achieve a valid result.
3.2.Suggest one method that could be used to keep the water at a constant temperature.
3.3.Explain the importance of maintaining water at a constant temperature.
3.4.Identify one potential source of error in the methodology.
4.Suggest why different numbers of drops of detergent solution were needed to sink the paperclip between each type of detergent.

  Which of the followingb 7vu-x/*t1 pk-80hu43mxsle dzxg ry is not a real-life example of adhesion?

The image shows a cross-secti8fhmmlv9:f1y85 ,zh r: +m6irfdmr ybon of the vascular tissue of a woody dicot stem, showing the annumb rf8:,6rimmfh1+y 8 :z5vmlrydhf9 al rings of phloem and xylem.


Explain how the properties of water allow it to be transported in the xylem.
Describe a physical property of water, other than those that are important for the movement of water through the plant, that makes water essential for the survival of plants.
Outline why plants cannot use water to transport lipids.
If the temperature drops to -1$^{\circ}$ for a few hours suggest a reason why the water in xylem may not freeze.

  The black-throated loon (Gavias.tm7: 6nsltsj 5 o4jq arctica) is a bird that lives near large bodies of water in cold climates. Which of the following is a correct description of how the properties of water may make winter teql tjsnjt 5s:.m7o46smperatures more moderate for the black-throated loon?

  Which of the following statemosi ki;/c +3y cgxh0hipxg821 38st aient(s) about the role of water as a solvent is correct? x2 3stik8 hxhi 0i;gy oc/sip 3a18g+c

I. Salt can dissolve in water because it is hydrophilic
II. Lipids cannot dissolve in water because they are non-polar
III. Cellulose can dissolve in water, as it is able to form hydrogen bonds

  The micrograph below3/g erz c)/l scy3nsm);cm sb5 shows the longitudinal cross-section of a stem from a plant in the Pinus genus. Xylem vessels al/ ss)rcsemyg;c5 )nm33cz/bre clearly visible.


The xylem is composed of hollow, tube-like tissues that transport water through capillary action. What property of water explains capillary action?

The diagram shows a solar system very similar to ours, where five planets orbix)tx 2h4z /bvldll7g2eta0 i;t a cg ab e/lzl42 ) i2vxt;70txldhentral star.


1.Define the term “Goldilocks zone”.

2.1.Label with the letter R the planet that is least likely to have extraterrestrial life present.

2.2Explain reasons for your answer to part (i).

3.1.Some of the planets in this solar system have water present on them. Suggest where this water might have come from.

3.2.Explain why the planets referred to in part (i) have retained water, whereas others in this solar system have not.

4.Suggest one other biological molecule, other than water, that may be a sign of life on a planet.

  Which of the following statements explains ho;tw7 p-f/8 97 tuhxbzi3igloiw water has facilitated the evolution z t g7ili t3;of7u9xpi /b8-whof life on Earth?