What property of water helps living organisms maintain their interntexf (erlb7,f3aq o9wki3t+:al body temperattl 3 :7(a9wrq3xf+ k ,ifteboeure?

  Which of the followin) k3i qc:pqpf0:t h t7ywz4g,vg is not soluble in water?

  What substances are attracted to water and form intermolecular bonds wiz97eo/l b 3nrb 1g*zhiut0,u tth water mole,b*ho t 3ui1glr/9 7nz ezubt0cules?

  Which of the following is a reason for the retentio4i 2cj 5f .5w.ckxfgljn of water on Earth?

  What is the most accepted theory *u:ytj t67a qy ftyj/orc6e 7/for the origin of water on Earth?

  What intermolecular bond is responsible for water's co5h0sj m( ccq.e/ aj;mvfv5n 0jhesive, adhesive and thermal propert / he55jv0m qn fjv(c0s.j;acmies?

1.Outline how hydrogen bonds form betwq:4 mn znny6d 2e)re(veen water molecules.

2.State one of the ways how hydrophilic substances interact with water.

3.State one of the ways how non-polar molecules interact with water.

4.Distinguish cohesion and adhesion.

  Which property of water enables marine animals such as the ringe 1f*)echtza7 r .ec;vnd seal (Pusa hispida) to *ec )rvtne;c1h. a zf7stay afloat in water without expending large amounts of energy?

  The cohesive and adhesive propertiesws rkhb1:auk(l u0q9/ of water allow xylem vessels to transport water inside wa1 ukqbklhs/9:(r0 uplants.

Which of the following are correct descriptions of how these properties are related to water transport in plants?

  Which of the following is a reason that the Earth is considered to be in ‘2k:j-qpmwl xe (+crw -rd9q q)The Goldilockj)dwrxmrq2 -q +ewqp:l-(9 c ks zone’, but Saturn is not?

  Which of the following statements about the di9b/xf7a-zlq( z+ lk xypolarity of the water molecule are trfya b 9lkxz+ 7/lxq(z-ue?
I. Oxygen attracts the shared electrons stronger than hydrogen.
II.Hydrogen atoms are partially negative.
III.The shared electrons spend more time closer to oxygen.

  Which of the following :j 0/njqol4lu: l xpm;is not a reason that scientists look for the presence of water on planets as a sign of extraterj jxq::lmlon/04u ;l prestrial life?

  Which term to describe a property of water is matched to its c km9l00 nu.eqjy cp9b5orrect definition? .ne9lmyq0jcu b590kp

  The image shows a water strider (G. lacustris 8x a2m9ohgqn9vudt)1 ) on the surface of a pond. What property of water is not depicted in thquxd)vo 2gt9 19ha8n me image?

Below is a picture of a wan wkiy ln(;1x1f ,yxje2 )on2mter strider (Gerris sp.).


1.Explain why the water strider (Gerris sp.) does not sink.
2.Describe, using an example, the importance of water as a solvent in living organisms.

The image shows a rin,k 4ngwne ;4hwged seal (Pusa hispida) that lives in the Arctic Sea.


1.Distinguish between the physical properties of air and water that allow the seal to mostly live in the sea.
2.Ringed seals glide into the water head first from ice shelves, rather like humans diving into a pool head first. Explain the advantage of entering the water in this way rather than ‘belly-flopping’ into the water.

  An investigation was carried out into the efq2e/zka xlj z6vg/m;*fects of household detergents on aquatic habitats. Scientists tested the effect of different household detergents on the surface tension of water in order to better unde/ zl/x eg2;j6 *qkmvazrstand the impact they may have on organisms living on the surface.

A paper clip was folded slightly on one side and rested on the surface of the water, maintained at a constant temperature and contained within a water tank. Drops of detergent solution were slowly added to the water tank until the paperclip sank to the bottom. The volume of detergent solution taken to sink the paperclip was recorded.

Detergent solutions were made by adding 5 ml of detergent to 15 ml of water.


1.Describe the relationship between the volume of detergent solution added and the surface tension of water.

2.1.For the Easy Clean detergent, calculate the mean number of drops of detergent needed to sink the paper clip.
Mean =  ml
2.2.Estimate how many drops of Easy Clean detergent solution it would take to sink 5 paper clips.

3.1.State one variable, other than those given, which would need to be controlled in this experiment in order to achieve a valid result.
3.2.Suggest one method that could be used to keep the water at a constant temperature.
3.3.Explain the importance of maintaining water at a constant temperature.
3.4.Identify one potential source of error in the methodology.
4.Suggest why different numbers of drops of detergent solution were needed to sink the paperclip between each type of detergent.

  Which of the followinbgns rkh;i6 y2 ,2e/kjg is not a real-life example of adhesion?

The image shows a cross-section of the vascuo a*pr9r-9th qlar tissue of a woody dicot stem, showing the annual rings of phloem andro paq-9 9hr*t xylem.


Explain how the properties of water allow it to be transported in the xylem.
Describe a physical property of water, other than those that are important for the movement of water through the plant, that makes water essential for the survival of plants.
Outline why plants cannot use water to transport lipids.
If the temperature drops to -1$^{\circ}$ for a few hours suggest a reason why the water in xylem may not freeze.

  The black-throated loon (Gavia arctica) is a bird that lives near lt0x9rnlxh u *+m7g-ib pmkc1/arge bodies of water in cold climates. Which of the following is a correct description of how the properties of water may make winter temperatures more moderate for the black-throated lx 7/xcbu-*1k nm 9htli0mgr p+oon?

  Which of the following statement(s) about the role of water as a solvent is coudm 2u-( , pl8 r76ximqabld3trrect?ul(i tu2xd 73bmr m6,ad 8lqp-

I. Salt can dissolve in water because it is hydrophilic
II. Lipids cannot dissolve in water because they are non-polar
III. Cellulose can dissolve in water, as it is able to form hydrogen bonds

  The micrograph below shows the longitudinal crosqjpy ig1w4*o.2/ t izqs-section of a stem from a plant in the Pinus genus. Xylem yi / o*tq. 4wpzi21jqgvessels are clearly visible.


The xylem is composed of hollow, tube-like tissues that transport water through capillary action. What property of water explains capillary action?

The diagram shows a solar system very similar to ours, xn by1-hr8 ss1qjm4u4)gp6 odwhere five planets orbit a central star.6y4 8)p1uoj4gd-r bsq1 smhxn


1.Define the term “Goldilocks zone”.

2.1.Label with the letter R the planet that is least likely to have extraterrestrial life present.

2.2Explain reasons for your answer to part (i).

3.1.Some of the planets in this solar system have water present on them. Suggest where this water might have come from.

3.2.Explain why the planets referred to in part (i) have retained water, whereas others in this solar system have not.

4.Suggest one other biological molecule, other than water, that may be a sign of life on a planet.

  Which of the following statements explains how water has facilitated aa6dw6v7t ms +the evolution of life on Eartwt +a asdv676mh?