What property of water helps living organisms mainmlkr f/:jbp5wgd h;6q7 ; w( drppf72ctain their internal body temperpdhl2wbqgw5pr6f;k 7 :/fcd7 r;pjm(ature?

  Which of the following is not soluble w8+4z4cr7 mqmtm d;cjin water?

  What substances are attractetym kv0t-*zxzilh yy-l8/y7 8d to water and form intermolecular bonds with water molecuhkly /8-lxyi-y t70z8 *z mtvyles?

  Which of the following is a reason for ;gvqxcb3awd 23- z2bathe retention of water on Earth?

  What is the most accepv:w j5qxp.uvf0( t7x pted theory for the origin of water on Earth?

  What intermolecular bond is responsible for water's 3rdl v 0gj x8ue-bwlsq4l85l2 cohesive, adhesive and thermb0sl5qvej 2wl d l8xr83-4gl ual properties?

1.Outline how hydrogen bonds form between water molecules )kd6ijsa1nd6m 3:rde .

2.State one of the ways how hydrophilic substances interact with water.

3.State one of the ways how non-polar molecules interact with water.

4.Distinguish cohesion and adhesion.

  Which property of water enables marine animals such as the ringed seal (l)e7mdln/b s a2wl(+w tq,,xoPusa hispida) to stay afloat in water without expending large amount,2 7 ,)sb+mqxlwl noa(tdlwe/s of energy?

  The cohesive and adhesive properties of water ku6rf x 22mil2allow xylem vessels to transport water inside plaf2rik 62xuml2nts.

Which of the following are correct descriptions of how these properties are related to water transport in plants?

  Which of the following is a reason that the Earth is cobo.k-kvzk7o 2nsidered to be in ‘The Gozv2 oobkk7 -.kldilocks zone’, but Saturn is not?

  Which of the following stateme +1l(r fni; e) ahp/joeb/,sxcnts about the dipolarity of the water molecule are t s;(n) /efc,ih +eolxraj1b/prue?
I. Oxygen attracts the shared electrons stronger than hydrogen.
II.Hydrogen atoms are partially negative.
III.The shared electrons spend more time closer to oxygen.

  Which of the following io:wl3 3/;vc3 d-msnhookqm 8os not a reason that scientists look for the presence of water on plawml v o/o;3-8snm q3:od3cho knets as a sign of extraterrestrial life?

  Which term to describe a property of water is matched to its chd *hx -,z8yg5+vbz snorrect definition?nd,*z+x- bg58y hhz sv

  The image shows a water st ll 4a,t2fwgw6rider (G. lacustris) on the surface of a pond. What property of water is not depicted in the image? al246w,f lgwt

Below is a picture of a waterr8cw14 g noz l0pso2h; strider (Gerris sp.).


1.Explain why the water strider (Gerris sp.) does not sink.
2.Describe, using an example, the importance of water as a solvent in living organisms.

The image shows a ringed seal (Pusa hispida) that lives in the Alsmtn r4m9:e 4rctic Sea.


1.Distinguish between the physical properties of air and water that allow the seal to mostly live in the sea.
2.Ringed seals glide into the water head first from ice shelves, rather like humans diving into a pool head first. Explain the advantage of entering the water in this way rather than ‘belly-flopping’ into the water.

  An investigation was carried out into the effects of householg:x4 qi rw-dvcj 7ct*u0r,p) yd detergents on aquatic habitats. Scientists ted*wgyc0 r4jqu, iv)t 7:r-x pcsted the effect of different household detergents on the surface tension of water in order to better understand the impact they may have on organisms living on the surface.

A paper clip was folded slightly on one side and rested on the surface of the water, maintained at a constant temperature and contained within a water tank. Drops of detergent solution were slowly added to the water tank until the paperclip sank to the bottom. The volume of detergent solution taken to sink the paperclip was recorded.

Detergent solutions were made by adding 5 ml of detergent to 15 ml of water.


1.Describe the relationship between the volume of detergent solution added and the surface tension of water.

2.1.For the Easy Clean detergent, calculate the mean number of drops of detergent needed to sink the paper clip.
Mean =  ml
2.2.Estimate how many drops of Easy Clean detergent solution it would take to sink 5 paper clips.

3.1.State one variable, other than those given, which would need to be controlled in this experiment in order to achieve a valid result.
3.2.Suggest one method that could be used to keep the water at a constant temperature.
3.3.Explain the importance of maintaining water at a constant temperature.
3.4.Identify one potential source of error in the methodology.
4.Suggest why different numbers of drops of detergent solution were needed to sink the paperclip between each type of detergent.

  Which of the following is not a real-lif9q+lc. kzvfbi9vk-08e yj nb :e example of adhesion?

The image shows a cross-section of the vascular tissue of a woody dicot steo*4lho u zukxp :9p0;v2e 66 nmhsyd+g0:oh oom, showing the annual rings of phloem and xylem.6xzu o oh;on6hd se2yk o v9h+04pmp0gl:ou*:


Explain how the properties of water allow it to be transported in the xylem.
Describe a physical property of water, other than those that are important for the movement of water through the plant, that makes water essential for the survival of plants.
Outline why plants cannot use water to transport lipids.
If the temperature drops to -1$^{\circ}$ for a few hours suggest a reason why the water in xylem may not freeze.

  The black-throated loon (Gav51d3wjasm-w pia arctica) is a bird that lives near large bodies of water in c3 j1m- daspww5old climates. Which of the following is a correct description of how the properties of water may make winter temperatures more moderate for the black-throated loon?

  Which of the following statement(s) about the role of wap1sud 2rh10g6kh 9:49ljn vt/z r zjgxter as a solvent is correc9d2r/ g41 pxt 0gr6s:zk1junh 9zvhjl t?

I. Salt can dissolve in water because it is hydrophilic
II. Lipids cannot dissolve in water because they are non-polar
III. Cellulose can dissolve in water, as it is able to form hydrogen bonds

  The micrograph below shows the longwgdz)mcn2:8ulohiq4) w6; n oitudinal cross-section of a stem from a plant in the Pinus genus. Xylemznmdog)2q 6: owihwuc4n 8l;) vessels are clearly visible.


The xylem is composed of hollow, tube-like tissues that transport water through capillary action. What property of water explains capillary action?

The diagram shows a solar system very ,:p)z bkdk el9 d-kk,od mjp c6g)b31isimilar to ours, where five planets orbit a central star9k kj b )oki:cd,d-k ,plezb13g m6)pd.


1.Define the term “Goldilocks zone”.

2.1.Label with the letter R the planet that is least likely to have extraterrestrial life present.

2.2Explain reasons for your answer to part (i).

3.1.Some of the planets in this solar system have water present on them. Suggest where this water might have come from.

3.2.Explain why the planets referred to in part (i) have retained water, whereas others in this solar system have not.

4.Suggest one other biological molecule, other than water, that may be a sign of life on a planet.

  Which of the following stateme:r .hx9 epe.umil mv;)nts explains how water has facilitated the evolution of life on:m.l irh pxe).m;ev9u Earth?