What property of water helps living organisms maintain their internal bod.)hwm d q1jin+y temperature?+j1w) dmih q.n

  Which of the following is not4t9p2*whpk:eh kwkx .y, c4ka soluble in water?

  What substances are attracted to water and 2z/rnyfr i- id+ aens73ou d242,vn05zne mdm form intermolecular bonds with water moleculnnrfd uzd,m+eain2d ve0 34o-27/z2 rinym 5ses?

  Which of the following is a reason for the retention oznd,z (ppb zap.k475y f water on Earth?

  What is the most accepted theory for the origic35 d.p1ntsyz n of water on Earth?

  What intermolecular bond in;rhh9en-l 4eqrwe( / s responsible for water's cohesive, adhesive and thermaq h h4(;e9ler/nw-ner l properties?

1.Outline how hydrogen bonds form between yn vejov,4f8jo)j c3p,* pu4c8z ,jwwwater molecules.

2.State one of the ways how hydrophilic substances interact with water.

3.State one of the ways how non-polar molecules interact with water.

4.Distinguish cohesion and adhesion.

  Which property of water enables marineljhwg1 r;*9ak animals such as the ringed seal (Pusa hispida) to stay afloat in water without expending large amounts o;h r1*wj kag9lf energy?

  The cohesive and adhesive properties of water7 8q7 pzyo(bam.f jv08 tqgv)b allow xylem vessels to transport waag78tjp)z vq b7v8(.fymob0 qter inside plants.

Which of the following are correct descriptions of how these properties are related to water transport in plants?

  Which of the following is a reason that the Earth is consi j9vfr/4wm,iynba+x i ;*z9 iidered to be in ‘The Goldilocks zone’, but Sat /,njiwb9;vri * mifi yax4z9+urn is not?

  Which of the following statements about the dipolarity of the w p qk7s*jy3akp; ogk4. ,7*ajeah/gwvater molecule are sj,p kaw4e oag7*;*q.k p7hkyg3va/ jtrue?
I. Oxygen attracts the shared electrons stronger than hydrogen.
II.Hydrogen atoms are partially negative.
III.The shared electrons spend more time closer to oxygen.

  Which of the following is no, 0k yof0gsb hste.*)at a reason that scientists look for the presence of water on planets as a sign of extraterrestrial *h . k,)tb0ofgs0esaylife?

  Which term to describe a property of water is matched to its correct defix mgxjwh0f+ (mw/;i i-nition?-wx g/ hmi;+j (fx0wmi

  The image shows a water strider (G. lacustris) on the 6aufy -ebf(adxpa 402surface of a pond. What praaeuff64d paby 0(x- 2operty of water is not depicted in the image?

Below is a picture of a water s au 9jkh4gcxinbcx9bf*,e/* 2;j.p gstrider (Gerris sp.).


1.Explain why the water strider (Gerris sp.) does not sink.
2.Describe, using an example, the importance of water as a solvent in living organisms.

The image shows a ringed seal (Pusa hispida) th/ g)mj8( g vz-vfa:yxoat lives in the Arctic Sea.


1.Distinguish between the physical properties of air and water that allow the seal to mostly live in the sea.
2.Ringed seals glide into the water head first from ice shelves, rather like humans diving into a pool head first. Explain the advantage of entering the water in this way rather than ‘belly-flopping’ into the water.

  An investigation was carried out into the effects b( xeka1* qsq7of household detergents on aquatic habitats. Scientists tested the effect of different houseab*sx k71q eq(hold detergents on the surface tension of water in order to better understand the impact they may have on organisms living on the surface.

A paper clip was folded slightly on one side and rested on the surface of the water, maintained at a constant temperature and contained within a water tank. Drops of detergent solution were slowly added to the water tank until the paperclip sank to the bottom. The volume of detergent solution taken to sink the paperclip was recorded.

Detergent solutions were made by adding 5 ml of detergent to 15 ml of water.


1.Describe the relationship between the volume of detergent solution added and the surface tension of water.

2.1.For the Easy Clean detergent, calculate the mean number of drops of detergent needed to sink the paper clip.
Mean =  ml
2.2.Estimate how many drops of Easy Clean detergent solution it would take to sink 5 paper clips.

3.1.State one variable, other than those given, which would need to be controlled in this experiment in order to achieve a valid result.
3.2.Suggest one method that could be used to keep the water at a constant temperature.
3.3.Explain the importance of maintaining water at a constant temperature.
3.4.Identify one potential source of error in the methodology.
4.Suggest why different numbers of drops of detergent solution were needed to sink the paperclip between each type of detergent.

  Which of the following is not a real-life example of adh3b3k*uem n gl/esion?

The image shows a cross-section of the vascular tissue of a woody dicot stem,uv-:u bfq8 wdd119qyf showing the annual rings of phloem and xyl yd b:1q1f8w-u9uvqfdem.


Explain how the properties of water allow it to be transported in the xylem.
Describe a physical property of water, other than those that are important for the movement of water through the plant, that makes water essential for the survival of plants.
Outline why plants cannot use water to transport lipids.
If the temperature drops to -1$^{\circ}$ for a few hours suggest a reason why the water in xylem may not freeze.

  The black-throated loon (Gavix ut0s 7 e1,c2zjw8sfna arctica) is a bird that lives near large bodies of water in cold climatej 8,7z 1 wc2sxuf0nsets. Which of the following is a correct description of how the properties of water may make winter temperatures more moderate for the black-throated loon?

  Which of the followin ulj)g 43,4 mi,jzmkucg statement(s) about the role of water as a solvent is correctgi, cl3um4)m,4 ujkjz ?

I. Salt can dissolve in water because it is hydrophilic
II. Lipids cannot dissolve in water because they are non-polar
III. Cellulose can dissolve in water, as it is able to form hydrogen bonds

  The micrograph below shows the longitudinal cross-section ozvq 0wx1moi903 gmdq2f a stem from a plant in the dxv2 9 31wgm00q moziqPinus genus. Xylem vessels are clearly visible.


The xylem is composed of hollow, tube-like tissues that transport water through capillary action. What property of water explains capillary action?

The diagram shows a ,ql nlzvb .h- d*w +23t4ycepksolar system very similar to ours, where five planets orbit a central s 4h3dlk*-qbwlynz.+ cvt , 2eptar.


1.Define the term “Goldilocks zone”.

2.1.Label with the letter R the planet that is least likely to have extraterrestrial life present.

2.2Explain reasons for your answer to part (i).

3.1.Some of the planets in this solar system have water present on them. Suggest where this water might have come from.

3.2.Explain why the planets referred to in part (i) have retained water, whereas others in this solar system have not.

4.Suggest one other biological molecule, other than water, that may be a sign of life on a planet.

  Which of the following statements explains how water has f (/8jeqtqa 6rlacilitated the evolution of life on l/ qja(ter68 qEarth?