What property of water helps living organismsaw(lf)zw*+.(olt7b oo z o 0qt maintain their internal body temperaturelwoo(ql7zoft.bw*ao 0t (z + )?

  Which of the followingr7.; pg5w17 z ht kxq/pa vp0pq-;qxnq is not soluble in water?

  What substances are at ,szu ad+tn,7rtracted to water and form intermolecular bonds with water molecule7+du,,razt ns s?

  Which of the following is a reason for the retention of water onk.dx/57zv5 gdjp,zg a Earth?

  What is the most accepted theory for the origin of water on Eacm3 t57tw-ok yrth?

  What intermolecular bond is respons+n :sfwxf*zzgr g8j6-tq6ng9i f 1 :ozb7i l)zible for water's cohesive, adhesive and thermal ngizxr :i wnffzgjbl6z 967f8sgoz 1-*q :)+t properties?

1.Outline how hydrogen b*jz;e la xc54i8u0spu(qp3 boonds form between water molecules.

2.State one of the ways how hydrophilic substances interact with water.

3.State one of the ways how non-polar molecules interact with water.

4.Distinguish cohesion and adhesion.

  Which property of water enables marine a4 (u,e eqlfyl)q9 hqkk*z9nv/nimals such as the ringed seal (Pusa hispidfq qz/hk9 k,eeqv 9lu *n)ly(4a) to stay afloat in water without expending large amounts of energy?

  The cohesive and adhesive properties of water a.cky.5y ulq;zxzsxm)46- b bcllow xylem vessels to transport water insidx4-zl.c 6qs.z)y5bmyuc ;b xk e plants.

Which of the following are correct descriptions of how these properties are related to water transport in plants?

  Which of the following is a reason that the Earth ie0g h kr z8dit-y.i,6is considered to be in ‘The Goldi -ih ytz,i gr08ek.6dilocks zone’, but Saturn is not?

  Which of the following statements about the dipolarity of the water molecule are*e8javn g6qvx 6 ;enk6 trke e 66;6a *vxq8nngjvue?
I. Oxygen attracts the shared electrons stronger than hydrogen.
II.Hydrogen atoms are partially negative.
III.The shared electrons spend more time closer to oxygen.

  Which of the following is not a reason that scientists look for the preseib-(c (yr t o-ww0: m5guxp)pcnce of water on planets as a woc0w5bp)(xt-:(y purgim c-sign of extraterrestrial life?

  Which term to describe a property gbq:;t,: y3e6r6qqhs4 s bqq xof water is matched to its correct definition?rs qstbq4eg;63:,q:xyqq6b h

  The image shows a water strider (G. lacustris) o39+fgu.c6 fiu7 t pmcostt9o+n the surface of a pond. What property of water is not dg .u7 +9fcmt6c 3+otit9pfso uepicted in the image?

Below is a picture of a water strider ( .inv :8xy,p5oatoh z4Gerris sp.).


1.Explain why the water strider (Gerris sp.) does not sink.
2.Describe, using an example, the importance of water as a solvent in living organisms.

The image shows a rinjg r;b* ul-+fzged seal (Pusa hispida) that lives in the Arctic Sea.


1.Distinguish between the physical properties of air and water that allow the seal to mostly live in the sea.
2.Ringed seals glide into the water head first from ice shelves, rather like humans diving into a pool head first. Explain the advantage of entering the water in this way rather than ‘belly-flopping’ into the water.

  An investigation was carried out into the effects of household detergentf9 s+/k7j6r/s el jdsos on aquatic habitats. Scientists tested the effect of different household detergents on the surflk/ d+e/rsjosjs9f 67ace tension of water in order to better understand the impact they may have on organisms living on the surface.

A paper clip was folded slightly on one side and rested on the surface of the water, maintained at a constant temperature and contained within a water tank. Drops of detergent solution were slowly added to the water tank until the paperclip sank to the bottom. The volume of detergent solution taken to sink the paperclip was recorded.

Detergent solutions were made by adding 5 ml of detergent to 15 ml of water.


1.Describe the relationship between the volume of detergent solution added and the surface tension of water.

2.1.For the Easy Clean detergent, calculate the mean number of drops of detergent needed to sink the paper clip.
Mean =  ml
2.2.Estimate how many drops of Easy Clean detergent solution it would take to sink 5 paper clips.

3.1.State one variable, other than those given, which would need to be controlled in this experiment in order to achieve a valid result.
3.2.Suggest one method that could be used to keep the water at a constant temperature.
3.3.Explain the importance of maintaining water at a constant temperature.
3.4.Identify one potential source of error in the methodology.
4.Suggest why different numbers of drops of detergent solution were needed to sink the paperclip between each type of detergent.

  Which of the following is not a real-life example of n2i4kx* s3r2 bbup3 rnadhesion?

The image shows a cross-section of the vascular tissue of a woody olso, 5z/-vquayv ) * 3h+ddyfdicot stem, shoqs v53o* au)yfhdv-d/lozy, + wing the annual rings of phloem and xylem.


Explain how the properties of water allow it to be transported in the xylem.
Describe a physical property of water, other than those that are important for the movement of water through the plant, that makes water essential for the survival of plants.
Outline why plants cannot use water to transport lipids.
If the temperature drops to -1$^{\circ}$ for a few hours suggest a reason why the water in xylem may not freeze.

  The black-throated loon (Gavia arctica) is a bird that livesctg8;6 qz u+avk t4dj2 near large bodies of water in cold climates. Which of the following is a correct descriptio djta2 utc; g648+kqzvn of how the properties of water may make winter temperatures more moderate for the black-throated loon?

  Which of the following statement(s) about the role of water asd. :tx+g/s 3wa p v7,mg44pmipjvd+ bz a solvent is correct, :xp+74dbdpmsivj4m+ gvpt / 3 ag.zw?

I. Salt can dissolve in water because it is hydrophilic
II. Lipids cannot dissolve in water because they are non-polar
III. Cellulose can dissolve in water, as it is able to form hydrogen bonds

  The micrograph below shows the longitudinal c4ccw qou2i ;+7hv ly+c7tf 0df)nut+ uross-section of a stem from a plant in the Pinus genus. Xylem vessels ar0u;oy2 4ucc7nfh7) qfdli+wtt + cv+u e clearly visible.


The xylem is composed of hollow, tube-like tissues that transport water through capillary action. What property of water explains capillary action?

The diagram shows a solar sysq0ti j-p-vam. tem very similar to ours, where five planets orbit aq-m .tvp i-0ja central star.


1.Define the term “Goldilocks zone”.

2.1.Label with the letter R the planet that is least likely to have extraterrestrial life present.

2.2Explain reasons for your answer to part (i).

3.1.Some of the planets in this solar system have water present on them. Suggest where this water might have come from.

3.2.Explain why the planets referred to in part (i) have retained water, whereas others in this solar system have not.

4.Suggest one other biological molecule, other than water, that may be a sign of life on a planet.

  Which of the following mi8dhjl5x +:;tbb mmj74tui+y8 gg * xstatements explains how water has facilitated the evoluti ux7hl;tj5 x+m:gyb48j gb*m +t i8mdion of life on Earth?