What property of water helps living organ ald trb r72rsuzv : )6r8,wxfsuv55goix:-.k isms maintain their internal body temper:ixrvsz f6uu,dkrv .) 7tosw:rrx-bg85 a25lature?

  Which of the following w*- jez hxasrzn7i26 0is not soluble in water?

  What substances are attracted to water and formu: rs. efgpnlz ,jn0ye*;+1jy be r7.v intermolecular bonds with water znjb rsy*y: ve0u7gj;+nplre. f. 1e,molecules?

  Which of the following is a reason for the resq uu6z/z i6n3 34d ,iygtvryyli17t 4tention of water on Earth?

  What is the most accepted theory for the o oi c0t/fx3++nkpih5 a/.9ysiacr + dxrigin of water on Earth?

  What intermolecular bond is responsible for wa u(jx/op,lzmmv3zqk ;8v e sf4r4+0acter's cohesive, adhesive and thermal 8;le(3mj 4z umfa0,vvpx4cksoq/+zrproperties?

1.Outline how hydrogen bonds fa5b(fmrb6ns-6 iod6gorm between water molecules.

2.State one of the ways how hydrophilic substances interact with water.

3.State one of the ways how non-polar molecules interact with water.

4.Distinguish cohesion and adhesion.

  Which property of water enables marine animals such as the ringed 0,3tqfxc 3icp seal (Pusa hispida) to stay afloat in water without exp3tf 0cixq cp,3ending large amounts of energy?

  The cohesive and adhesive properties of wate c9xaox-** modr allow xylem vessels to transport watoxdam*-9 o*c xer inside plants.

Which of the following are correct descriptions of how these properties are related to water transport in plants?

  Which of the following is a reason that the Earth is considered to;(l jsb00 t,n54y+ylaz x effyp-2zqj be in ‘The Goldipf00an+z(sqj4 xly2f 5e lt z yyjb-,;locks zone’, but Saturn is not?

  Which of the following statements about the dipoln:ql--/vpyv os u:8b/ qu-nokarity of the water molecule are true:q ponvb /lv o:8knyu/---uqs ?
I. Oxygen attracts the shared electrons stronger than hydrogen.
II.Hydrogen atoms are partially negative.
III.The shared electrons spend more time closer to oxygen.

  Which of the following is not a e cl8owk(zk6*:9gj- sck nrt:reason that scientists look for the presence of water on planets as a sign of extraterrestrial likw*c:gz-klks o9:cr(8 en6j t fe?

  Which term to describe a profc sr8*zrg 8v-du*(w hperty of water is matched to its correct definition?rgw*8h ur z(s v*8d-fc

  The image shows a water strider (y6 0cg1kfj5pbG. lacustris) on the surface of a pond. What property of y01fpc6k gbj5water is not depicted in the image?

Below is a picture of a water strider (Gerris1n, /hs2ry :0auz jizr sp.).


1.Explain why the water strider (Gerris sp.) does not sink.
2.Describe, using an example, the importance of water as a solvent in living organisms.

The image shows a ringed seal (Pusa hispi )m zx3nql(uo1) gomr5da) that lives in the Arctic Sea.


1.Distinguish between the physical properties of air and water that allow the seal to mostly live in the sea.
2.Ringed seals glide into the water head first from ice shelves, rather like humans diving into a pool head first. Explain the advantage of entering the water in this way rather than ‘belly-flopping’ into the water.

  An investigation was carried out into the ef i/ 7hy+00.7movfypw uqz3d;wr(ugmz fects of household detergents on aquatic habitats. Scientists tested the effect of different household detergents on the surface tensioh;d07q z u7. +wu(rzympif/ wo0my3gvn of water in order to better understand the impact they may have on organisms living on the surface.

A paper clip was folded slightly on one side and rested on the surface of the water, maintained at a constant temperature and contained within a water tank. Drops of detergent solution were slowly added to the water tank until the paperclip sank to the bottom. The volume of detergent solution taken to sink the paperclip was recorded.

Detergent solutions were made by adding 5 ml of detergent to 15 ml of water.


1.Describe the relationship between the volume of detergent solution added and the surface tension of water.

2.1.For the Easy Clean detergent, calculate the mean number of drops of detergent needed to sink the paper clip.
Mean =  ml
2.2.Estimate how many drops of Easy Clean detergent solution it would take to sink 5 paper clips.

3.1.State one variable, other than those given, which would need to be controlled in this experiment in order to achieve a valid result.
3.2.Suggest one method that could be used to keep the water at a constant temperature.
3.3.Explain the importance of maintaining water at a constant temperature.
3.4.Identify one potential source of error in the methodology.
4.Suggest why different numbers of drops of detergent solution were needed to sink the paperclip between each type of detergent.

  Which of the following is not .nuj gko)ow9)a real-life example of adhesion?

The image shows a cross-section of the vascular tissue of a woody dicot stemowozngnym7c2g1 od ;7lj a.-(, showing the annual rgod7ljwcy(g2 7; z1na-.n o moings of phloem and xylem.


Explain how the properties of water allow it to be transported in the xylem.
Describe a physical property of water, other than those that are important for the movement of water through the plant, that makes water essential for the survival of plants.
Outline why plants cannot use water to transport lipids.
If the temperature drops to -1$^{\circ}$ for a few hours suggest a reason why the water in xylem may not freeze.

  The black-throated loon (Gavia arctica) is a bird that lives near mw ;:nqr/ i(; l39rqvgig9;cmtxyxh 5/ybbd 7large bodies of water in cold climatesqx ymd; n/gv tix/c hrgmr5(9b;7wib;9: yq 3l. Which of the following is a correct description of how the properties of water may make winter temperatures more moderate for the black-throated loon?

  Which of the following statement(s) about the rol )8+ frgim:sc5t plfx)e of water as a solvent is correct?gm:f xflcitsr+85))p

I. Salt can dissolve in water because it is hydrophilic
II. Lipids cannot dissolve in water because they are non-polar
III. Cellulose can dissolve in water, as it is able to form hydrogen bonds

  The micrograph below shows .7eetk g74 qed1r;dftthe longitudinal cross-section of a stem from a plant in the Pinus genuetreg k41 q;e7t7d d.fs. Xylem vessels are clearly visible.


The xylem is composed of hollow, tube-like tissues that transport water through capillary action. What property of water explains capillary action?

The diagram shows a solar system very sim /xjrcch-n1s9ilar to ours, where five planets orbit a cn/cx1 rc-s 9jhentral star.


1.Define the term “Goldilocks zone”.

2.1.Label with the letter R the planet that is least likely to have extraterrestrial life present.

2.2Explain reasons for your answer to part (i).

3.1.Some of the planets in this solar system have water present on them. Suggest where this water might have come from.

3.2.Explain why the planets referred to in part (i) have retained water, whereas others in this solar system have not.

4.Suggest one other biological molecule, other than water, that may be a sign of life on a planet.

  Which of the following statements explains hdp pxfr6*2jz yb5ng myv6gkv. 7)i*n)ow water has facilitated the evolution of life onmnp.7) y6i j5dzbry*6gvfv*k2pn xg) Earth?