What property of water hevc7,8pw uwc i9lps living organisms maintain their internal body tempe,ic wv9pcu7w8rature?

  Which of the following is n+ i-7an7d ly vj/z1omt+kf ag/ot soluble in water?

  What substances are attracted to water and form:*xuinj4)xe4 ijzqpt (i t n+jm;- x*f intermolecular bonds with water mqiuj-jnzp:e * mfj4x ( 4xt;i t)*nx+iolecules?

  Which of the following is a reason for the retention of water ooi8hzs ljya+0,8.i+ 6rziq gz n Earth?

  What is the most accepted theofv )w)(.qz wkory for the origin of water on Earth?

  What intermolecular bona7 s80nfw .habd is responsible for water's cohesive, adhesive and therms70a b.nfw a8hal properties?

1.Outline how hydrogen bonds form between water molec0*-g,2jxyd7ne i yq fsb5qe9 uules.

2.State one of the ways how hydrophilic substances interact with water.

3.State one of the ways how non-polar molecules interact with water.

4.Distinguish cohesion and adhesion.

  Which property of water enables marine an,)qf) (tihbpa o.no8iimals such as the ringed seal (Pusa hispida) to stay afloat in water without expending large amounts of energ).oo )biqtp,n(fiah8 y?

  The cohesive and adhesive properties of water allow xylem vessels to tran15cm bpqcw2tk1*: hgdwrqu ,ot 53j(np1zjk7sport water inside plantsqb 5jc mpq:tunpdh1owwg71k2z,jc1k r 5t3* (.

Which of the following are correct descriptions of how these properties are related to water transport in plants?

  Which of the following is a reason that the Earth is considered to be in ‘The Gb od(630 h5kuo1ums*osrzur; h-5 exi oldilocirx6b0zu; h5ou3* o(1-ssmkod 5hu reks zone’, but Saturn is not?

  Which of the following statements about the dip6ew-ob fha66q n72 /deez+g7fumf dt*olarity of the water molecule are t fqzdawb g*6 2f +o 77eftd-6/eunehm6rue?
I. Oxygen attracts the shared electrons stronger than hydrogen.
II.Hydrogen atoms are partially negative.
III.The shared electrons spend more time closer to oxygen.

  Which of the following is not a reason that scientists look for b1xjt+uv,+o p the presence of water b1tp jouvx +,+on planets as a sign of extraterrestrial life?

  Which term to describe a property of wrsc:oq k48pc/q4s(n tater is matched to its correct definition?( coc84:rpkn/sqq ts4

  The image shows a water strider (G. lacush3a v:d)i1gte; hm e:stris) on the surface of a pond. What property of water is not depic)egi13hat :s ve dh:m;ted in the image?

Below is a picture of a water strider (Gerrimpy0 16zj( unf;yoxv3s sp.).


1.Explain why the water strider (Gerris sp.) does not sink.
2.Describe, using an example, the importance of water as a solvent in living organisms.

The image shows a ringed seal (Pusa hispida) that lives in the Arctic Skx+lq wza-ejr 6k bhkn,-40: rea.


1.Distinguish between the physical properties of air and water that allow the seal to mostly live in the sea.
2.Ringed seals glide into the water head first from ice shelves, rather like humans diving into a pool head first. Explain the advantage of entering the water in this way rather than ‘belly-flopping’ into the water.

  An investigation was carried out into the effects of household detergentvza-yf+7 g3 ncs on aquatic habitats. Scientist -7fa z3y+cvgns tested the effect of different household detergents on the surface tension of water in order to better understand the impact they may have on organisms living on the surface.

A paper clip was folded slightly on one side and rested on the surface of the water, maintained at a constant temperature and contained within a water tank. Drops of detergent solution were slowly added to the water tank until the paperclip sank to the bottom. The volume of detergent solution taken to sink the paperclip was recorded.

Detergent solutions were made by adding 5 ml of detergent to 15 ml of water.


1.Describe the relationship between the volume of detergent solution added and the surface tension of water.

2.1.For the Easy Clean detergent, calculate the mean number of drops of detergent needed to sink the paper clip.
Mean =  ml
2.2.Estimate how many drops of Easy Clean detergent solution it would take to sink 5 paper clips.

3.1.State one variable, other than those given, which would need to be controlled in this experiment in order to achieve a valid result.
3.2.Suggest one method that could be used to keep the water at a constant temperature.
3.3.Explain the importance of maintaining water at a constant temperature.
3.4.Identify one potential source of error in the methodology.
4.Suggest why different numbers of drops of detergent solution were needed to sink the paperclip between each type of detergent.

  Which of the following is not a real-lifekms r(46tuei 2 example of adhesion?

The image shows a cross-section of the vascular tis ia4x.hj( vz4tsue of a woody dicot stem, showing the annual rings of phloem and. vh4jaiz xt(4 xylem.


Explain how the properties of water allow it to be transported in the xylem.
Describe a physical property of water, other than those that are important for the movement of water through the plant, that makes water essential for the survival of plants.
Outline why plants cannot use water to transport lipids.
If the temperature drops to -1$^{\circ}$ for a few hours suggest a reason why the water in xylem may not freeze.

  The black-throated loon (Gavia arctica) is a bird that lives near large bodiesvxmf.fo.3 2*aycf3ly ka1* m c k1af0g of water in cold climates. Which of the following is a correct description of how the properties of water may make winteco1.a k.1va f y32l 0mc*afg*xm 3fkfyr temperatures more moderate for the black-throated loon?

  Which of the following statement(s) about the role hb i: kozu;:u9;ck.mscc7 odq)x31 z zof water as a solvent is correct?iuck7m: 9o:.x)ckbqs ; d3hz;1c z zuo

I. Salt can dissolve in water because it is hydrophilic
II. Lipids cannot dissolve in water because they are non-polar
III. Cellulose can dissolve in water, as it is able to form hydrogen bonds

  The micrograph below shows the longitudinal crossebcos 3l1lek d mu4n;1bum(e s :-.:se-section of a stem from a plant in l3ds b :esncsum;(mo4ke1. e- 1ube :lthe Pinus genus. Xylem vessels are clearly visible.


The xylem is composed of hollow, tube-like tissues that transport water through capillary action. What property of water explains capillary action?

The diagram shows a solar system v q3c noxqagiy8w-w:03c-cq)gery similar to ours, where five planets orbit a centr3xqac-qcgy8c:i g - qww0 3)onal star.


1.Define the term “Goldilocks zone”.

2.1.Label with the letter R the planet that is least likely to have extraterrestrial life present.

2.2Explain reasons for your answer to part (i).

3.1.Some of the planets in this solar system have water present on them. Suggest where this water might have come from.

3.2.Explain why the planets referred to in part (i) have retained water, whereas others in this solar system have not.

4.Suggest one other biological molecule, other than water, that may be a sign of life on a planet.

  Which of the following stat)tsqgn ,+p0j dayie3vxkk2y ) 0 5wu0qements explains how water has facilitated the evolution 3y )k)unt0j+gxq s 0qy 2,0daw epkv5iof life on Earth?