What property of wate-,h kxhf;,t4lgz5 eegr helps living organisms maintain their internal body temperatu;hfhtxg4eek 5l-g z,, re?

  Which of the following is not soaxv;mu4 )nm(rhm;3l 6rurrba0 y1rq 6 luble in water?

  What substances are attracted to water and form inu uqy 1a3ax)uc)bir q/x5 yr*(termolecular bonds with water mole( x53r*iucyau x1qra )b) quy/cules?

  Which of the following is a reason for the retention of water ontxh z44zif),1h adu8qd( pczdg/98kg Earth?

  What is the most accepted theory for the origin of water on Eartku+a(q ;hwv)za;fjs a.)ux*eh?

  What intermolecular bond:y;(ki5dmu-c qpj,b.ilb0 a b is responsible for water's cohesive, adhesive and thermal promb;cbb,0 5 jkqd(yp i:lua-. iperties?

1.Outline how hydrogen bonds form between water magvbk8;sec*,;vhb6;e, )a c4bg ej pa olecules.

2.State one of the ways how hydrophilic substances interact with water.

3.State one of the ways how non-polar molecules interact with water.

4.Distinguish cohesion and adhesion.

  Which property of water en/f w uwlfuq3lisu4cb) +0mt46ables marine animals such as the ringed seal (Pusa hispida) to stay afl40t6lw u) cw uq3ub4/fsfmi+loat in water without expending large amounts of energy?

  The cohesive and adhesive properties of water allow xylem vessels tolz4q, eenr.uw 2 vba5- transport water i. -e b e5lvn24qau,zwrnside plants.

Which of the following are correct descriptions of how these properties are related to water transport in plants?

  Which of the following is a reason that the s+ t::pti,0k1 f)v:qvhblj l wEarth is considered to be in ‘The Goldilock0q:sfv): t+1 lhikj:plbv,w t s zone’, but Saturn is not?

  Which of the following statements ag q5+9f2mkcwbbout the dipolarity of the water molecule are true? w95cf b2k+qgm
I. Oxygen attracts the shared electrons stronger than hydrogen.
II.Hydrogen atoms are partially negative.
III.The shared electrons spend more time closer to oxygen.

  Which of the followix.lnq,o q+ tgf0 ej+c2jopo, ;ng is not a reason that scientists look for the presence of water on planets as a sign of e2.o0jgcp f+lotqn,;xjq ,o+extraterrestrial life?

  Which term to describe a property of water is matched to its cora5a-ksk3ny 4x.k:g zsv/t 9 otrect definition?9x5sn tazk 3- k:vsg/a.ot4 yk

  The image shows a water strider (G. lacustris) on the surface of a pond. u4+nmalj nxbuug 1bl )t6k)+ .What property of wabn)ux .j4 t6ul)nklgm1au b++ter is not depicted in the image?

Below is a picture of a water strig8r )tk6,xd cgt1ty h :2ntlu9der (Gerris sp.).


1.Explain why the water strider (Gerris sp.) does not sink.
2.Describe, using an example, the importance of water as a solvent in living organisms.

The image shows a ringed seal (Pusa hispida) that lib e99- isjp/oyves in the Arctic Sea.


1.Distinguish between the physical properties of air and water that allow the seal to mostly live in the sea.
2.Ringed seals glide into the water head first from ice shelves, rather like humans diving into a pool head first. Explain the advantage of entering the water in this way rather than ‘belly-flopping’ into the water.

  An investigation was carried out into the effects of house4i5et vl6 wjwl7k;e2 jhold detergents on aquatic habitats. Scientists tested the efwjil;e2kwe v 5tl 67j4fect of different household detergents on the surface tension of water in order to better understand the impact they may have on organisms living on the surface.

A paper clip was folded slightly on one side and rested on the surface of the water, maintained at a constant temperature and contained within a water tank. Drops of detergent solution were slowly added to the water tank until the paperclip sank to the bottom. The volume of detergent solution taken to sink the paperclip was recorded.

Detergent solutions were made by adding 5 ml of detergent to 15 ml of water.


1.Describe the relationship between the volume of detergent solution added and the surface tension of water.

2.1.For the Easy Clean detergent, calculate the mean number of drops of detergent needed to sink the paper clip.
Mean =  ml
2.2.Estimate how many drops of Easy Clean detergent solution it would take to sink 5 paper clips.

3.1.State one variable, other than those given, which would need to be controlled in this experiment in order to achieve a valid result.
3.2.Suggest one method that could be used to keep the water at a constant temperature.
3.3.Explain the importance of maintaining water at a constant temperature.
3.4.Identify one potential source of error in the methodology.
4.Suggest why different numbers of drops of detergent solution were needed to sink the paperclip between each type of detergent.

  Which of the following is not a real-lifedp k16:c+il3xmsc z k-ewfy./ example of adhesion?

The image shows a cross-section of the vascular tissue of a woody dicot stem.uw3yl/ 8 hnap, showing the annual rings of phloem and x8/npuw.yal 3hylem.


Explain how the properties of water allow it to be transported in the xylem.
Describe a physical property of water, other than those that are important for the movement of water through the plant, that makes water essential for the survival of plants.
Outline why plants cannot use water to transport lipids.
If the temperature drops to -1$^{\circ}$ for a few hours suggest a reason why the water in xylem may not freeze.

  The black-throated loy s( z2-vfpe.w/0cxscon (Gavia arctica) is a bird that lives near large bodies of water in cold climates. Which of the followinz(sp cc -wfs02/ yx.evg is a correct description of how the properties of water may make winter temperatures more moderate for the black-throated loon?

  Which of the following statement(s) about the rol,,ttj(b it 1vse of water as a solvent is correct? tj,t,tsib(1v

I. Salt can dissolve in water because it is hydrophilic
II. Lipids cannot dissolve in water because they are non-polar
III. Cellulose can dissolve in water, as it is able to form hydrogen bonds

  The micrograph below shows the longitudinal cross-sec9ivwz3tkr. -ztion of a stem from a plant in the Pinus genus. Xylem vessels are clearly 9wtz -v.i3rkz visible.


The xylem is composed of hollow, tube-like tissues that transport water through capillary action. What property of water explains capillary action?

The diagram shows a solar s k8cw1vj*th ii. n7t*fystem very similar to ours, where five planets orbit a centrf* *v7j1. chkwintt i8al star.


1.Define the term “Goldilocks zone”.

2.1.Label with the letter R the planet that is least likely to have extraterrestrial life present.

2.2Explain reasons for your answer to part (i).

3.1.Some of the planets in this solar system have water present on them. Suggest where this water might have come from.

3.2.Explain why the planets referred to in part (i) have retained water, whereas others in this solar system have not.

4.Suggest one other biological molecule, other than water, that may be a sign of life on a planet.

  Which of the following statements explains how water has facilitated the evolut -k8vs/bfn*; n: oamagion of life fsvbk o*a8:-an n;mg/ on Earth?