What property of water helps living organisms maintain their internal body te:dx gmrj.8fil+m1 yzsg+a v+9mperatur gl+1r+dsjma9fvmg y8 .z: +xie?

  Which of the following is not soluble in wyy; vqp, hb,9mwpd+itm-4 ec,ater?

  What substances are attr wj p4e twbkm,6-9uo)l6mvjv6acted to water and form intermolecular bonds with water molecules ljkvp6-)6u 4emo9btwmv,6w j?

  Which of the following is a reason for the riyjkui;i+.4xen 1, nj8pk (fj etention of water on Earth?

  What is the most accepted theory for the origin of water on Eartht9bs/-t tedm)l:;yz c?

  What intermolecular bond is responsible fora6 gpqs)6 z rv)y swv-7e )c 0zhj5p0.dco)ifs water's cohesive, adhesive and thermal65q6f ))z0.cg)-aijpo s0vhcrd w7p ss vy)ez properties?

1.Outline how hydrogen bonds fo z ie(ag/9wv(zrm between water molecules.

2.State one of the ways how hydrophilic substances interact with water.

3.State one of the ways how non-polar molecules interact with water.

4.Distinguish cohesion and adhesion.

  Which property of water enables marine animals such as the ringed seal (Pusa hp maoehe183qw( klli8d88 mh- ispida) to stay afloat in waterm8m3ew(8lakl 18iqh oed8h- p without expending large amounts of energy?

  The cohesive and adhesive properties of wat3w1:x dewqju,+w8g hbie1/ (hbb0 kcx er allow xylem vessels to transport water inside pl wbjce8hw3gx:/ kx0h+ (w,ib duq e1b1ants.

Which of the following are correct descriptions of how these properties are related to water transport in plants?

  Which of the following is a reason that the Earth is con-d4exs(gn m 7hx7 ;f8mdsm b e6noc5b*sidered to be in ‘The Goldilocks zone’, but S4mm6mbbos-( 5*nhgxcs fnd7 e78 ;xd eaturn is not?

  Which of the following staq;sibfroroem*wiqi*d 9,/42 tements about the dipolarity of the water molecule are true? so/d qq* 2i4fbr;i,im9 *rweo
I. Oxygen attracts the shared electrons stronger than hydrogen.
II.Hydrogen atoms are partially negative.
III.The shared electrons spend more time closer to oxygen.

  Which of the following is not a reason that scient)x)ay9qc- cj aists look for the presence of water on planets as a sign of extraterrestrial l cca)xaq) -jy9ife?

  Which term to describe a property of wateryblcf yy7bq57qh24 bz 8tbsn 5g+9mt2 is matched to its correct definition?bbhq87c y 7ft4q5n9l25z +y2 mygtbsb

  The image shows a water strider (G. lacustris) on the stsm -qn(6cnm -f,erg1urface of a pond. What property ot nrm 1s(ec,n-q-mgf6f water is not depicted in the image?

Below is a picture of a water strider (Gerris n .rmak00uq7gig3kg3 sp.).


1.Explain why the water strider (Gerris sp.) does not sink.
2.Describe, using an example, the importance of water as a solvent in living organisms.

The image shows a ringed seal (Pusa hispida) that lives in the Arctio a .ncm+u:b+c-qtbl)we++mg c Sea.


1.Distinguish between the physical properties of air and water that allow the seal to mostly live in the sea.
2.Ringed seals glide into the water head first from ice shelves, rather like humans diving into a pool head first. Explain the advantage of entering the water in this way rather than ‘belly-flopping’ into the water.

  An investigation was carried out into the effects of househoumf)izxsq 3 cttj4-92ld detergents on aquati j)m zfi4tcq9us2-t3x c habitats. Scientists tested the effect of different household detergents on the surface tension of water in order to better understand the impact they may have on organisms living on the surface.

A paper clip was folded slightly on one side and rested on the surface of the water, maintained at a constant temperature and contained within a water tank. Drops of detergent solution were slowly added to the water tank until the paperclip sank to the bottom. The volume of detergent solution taken to sink the paperclip was recorded.

Detergent solutions were made by adding 5 ml of detergent to 15 ml of water.


1.Describe the relationship between the volume of detergent solution added and the surface tension of water.

2.1.For the Easy Clean detergent, calculate the mean number of drops of detergent needed to sink the paper clip.
Mean =  ml
2.2.Estimate how many drops of Easy Clean detergent solution it would take to sink 5 paper clips.

3.1.State one variable, other than those given, which would need to be controlled in this experiment in order to achieve a valid result.
3.2.Suggest one method that could be used to keep the water at a constant temperature.
3.3.Explain the importance of maintaining water at a constant temperature.
3.4.Identify one potential source of error in the methodology.
4.Suggest why different numbers of drops of detergent solution were needed to sink the paperclip between each type of detergent.

  Which of the following is not a real-life exavy 0gvr48qab8 4l1 swkmple of adhesion?

The image shows a cro54 ulyx6t z4dwss-section of the vascular tissue of a woody dicot stem, showing the annual rings of phloem and xyl t4d4zxwu5l6 yem.


Explain how the properties of water allow it to be transported in the xylem.
Describe a physical property of water, other than those that are important for the movement of water through the plant, that makes water essential for the survival of plants.
Outline why plants cannot use water to transport lipids.
If the temperature drops to -1$^{\circ}$ for a few hours suggest a reason why the water in xylem may not freeze.

  The black-throated loon (Gavia arctica) is a bird thxj/e na xktcj(j1o5;.at lives near large bodies of water in cold climates. Which of the following is a correct description ofex;o( xj k5n./ctjaj1 how the properties of water may make winter temperatures more moderate for the black-throated loon?

  Which of the following statement(s) about the role of water as a ljhg we/s3)-h vy( fh v*p4 4vy7:aeqlsolvent is corre4 3qjfg7h vahvyyee 4:-wvlls h)*(p/ct?

I. Salt can dissolve in water because it is hydrophilic
II. Lipids cannot dissolve in water because they are non-polar
III. Cellulose can dissolve in water, as it is able to form hydrogen bonds

  The micrograph below shows the longitudinal cross-section 3mb bzdozr9n8z;qn6/un1a *xsmx- 6eof a stem from a plant in the Pinus genus. Xylem v9onrmxdz -b3 nqbume ;/ sx1z6 8*z6anessels are clearly visible.


The xylem is composed of hollow, tube-like tissues that transport water through capillary action. What property of water explains capillary action?

The diagram shows a solar system very sijk e st7 *ef*v b,,qw5xsrdc4,jn(3ydmilar to ours, where five planets orbit aytkcs3*v,q,*b nsfj(j 4x ew7e,d 5dr central star.


1.Define the term “Goldilocks zone”.

2.1.Label with the letter R the planet that is least likely to have extraterrestrial life present.

2.2Explain reasons for your answer to part (i).

3.1.Some of the planets in this solar system have water present on them. Suggest where this water might have come from.

3.2.Explain why the planets referred to in part (i) have retained water, whereas others in this solar system have not.

4.Suggest one other biological molecule, other than water, that may be a sign of life on a planet.

  Which of the following statements explainf/;p dad q8iciq /of24 8pk rot8ze;a*/slof:s how water has facilitated the evolution of li dapo t2fp*f;fke /csl/;8z:oa48i8rq qid/ ofe on Earth?