What property of water helps liviz +3,nknk*jq jng organisms maintain their internal body temperature+,nj jzq3nk*k ?

  Which of the following is not ss*xk x.vgv s()qdfrz4 9s.uy -mq3 eswxv; ;7toluble in water?

  What substances are attracted (ypp ygk;e u19to water and form intermolecular bonds with water molecule(p 1; kp9guyyes?

  Which of the following is a reason for the retenti1upvml)5a/ *rvb+ (lrikkmp 0on of water on Earth?

  What is the most accepted theory for the origin ofn57ceswjo6wt1eoc6jege coy5 d/;-; water on Earth?

  What intermolecular bond is j*pd.ylw4m5 0m.iwp q responsible for water's cohesive, adhesive and thermal promi q4w*lpp.. wj ymd05perties?

1.Outline how hydrogen bonds3lzz,ar* b( uc form between water molecules.

2.State one of the ways how hydrophilic substances interact with water.

3.State one of the ways how non-polar molecules interact with water.

4.Distinguish cohesion and adhesion.

  Which property of water enables marine animamh 5zk9vtqak ;;;v1 vals such as the ringed seal (Pusa hispida) to stkvakhzv9 m51q; a;;v tay afloat in water without expending large amounts of energy?

  The cohesive and adhes: cl)i,a;m newmr23 esive properties of water allow xylem vessels to transport water insideimeen 3;:, 2cs)amrwl plants.

Which of the following are correct descriptions of how these properties are related to water transport in plants?

  Which of the followidcd70hwkl b pk8m+z3-ng is a reason that the Earth is considered to be in ‘The Goldilocks zone’,0c3bw+kdl dz k-m 7h8p but Saturn is not?

  Which of the following statements about the didq5igp k y/a9;polarity of the water molecule are truea/ q dgp;9ki5y?
I. Oxygen attracts the shared electrons stronger than hydrogen.
II.Hydrogen atoms are partially negative.
III.The shared electrons spend more time closer to oxygen.

  Which of the following is not a reason that scientists look for the prese4cof3/f )m knkqf0l h.nce of water on planets as a sif0mfq 4 o)h/cn3.flkk gn of extraterrestrial life?

  Which term to describe a peruu4 -+; 5f,tqwfzy5d n;hcmroperty of water is matched to its correct definition?y we,5d tnfz f ;+ru-mc54qhu;

  The image shows a water strider (G. lacustris) o23szz ry9i0.t6hyddz+ vsf-b n the surface of a pond. What property of water is not depicted in the izy+ bsh 30 v9-sfy z62id.tzrdmage?

Below is a picture of a water stride nl3mwy9631cuhj t t1:6jw.il wte :txr (Gerris sp.).


1.Explain why the water strider (Gerris sp.) does not sink.
2.Describe, using an example, the importance of water as a solvent in living organisms.

The image shows a ringed seal (Pusa hispida) 0 4gkfa 6szai,+tst /l- f4 fyagq1u5ethat lives in the Arctic Sea.


1.Distinguish between the physical properties of air and water that allow the seal to mostly live in the sea.
2.Ringed seals glide into the water head first from ice shelves, rather like humans diving into a pool head first. Explain the advantage of entering the water in this way rather than ‘belly-flopping’ into the water.

  An investigation was carried out into the effec)hu 7i hsmsj yn+ 0gf)ebm*,f9ts of household detergents on aquatic habitats. Scientists tested the effect of different household detergents on the surface tension of water in order to better understand the impact they may have on organisms living on the sm0+s*uh f gyhmn9i sfj)7),eburface.

A paper clip was folded slightly on one side and rested on the surface of the water, maintained at a constant temperature and contained within a water tank. Drops of detergent solution were slowly added to the water tank until the paperclip sank to the bottom. The volume of detergent solution taken to sink the paperclip was recorded.

Detergent solutions were made by adding 5 ml of detergent to 15 ml of water.


1.Describe the relationship between the volume of detergent solution added and the surface tension of water.

2.1.For the Easy Clean detergent, calculate the mean number of drops of detergent needed to sink the paper clip.
Mean =  ml
2.2.Estimate how many drops of Easy Clean detergent solution it would take to sink 5 paper clips.

3.1.State one variable, other than those given, which would need to be controlled in this experiment in order to achieve a valid result.
3.2.Suggest one method that could be used to keep the water at a constant temperature.
3.3.Explain the importance of maintaining water at a constant temperature.
3.4.Identify one potential source of error in the methodology.
4.Suggest why different numbers of drops of detergent solution were needed to sink the paperclip between each type of detergent.

  Which of the following is no9j68p(jtk18ohk ga zqt a real-life example of adhesion?

The image shows a cross-section of the vasc2;r 8jpv ye xx; i)8hf9y1cawhular tissue of a woody dicot stem, showin2); x8h cpyjxwy;rhve91 8afig the annual rings of phloem and xylem.


Explain how the properties of water allow it to be transported in the xylem.
Describe a physical property of water, other than those that are important for the movement of water through the plant, that makes water essential for the survival of plants.
Outline why plants cannot use water to transport lipids.
If the temperature drops to -1$^{\circ}$ for a few hours suggest a reason why the water in xylem may not freeze.

  The black-throated lkjgb;c4g ka)xp v h+3q:he2+p oon (Gavia arctica) is a bird that lives near large bodies of water in cold climates. Which of the following is a correct description of how the properties oe h:42+hb+)jk kq;px a3pcggv f water may make winter temperatures more moderate for the black-throated loon?

  Which of the following statement(s nxn .f8.5 +xuaoqp5al) about the role of water as a solvent is corrf8xax .nlq p5.+5 noauect?

I. Salt can dissolve in water because it is hydrophilic
II. Lipids cannot dissolve in water because they are non-polar
III. Cellulose can dissolve in water, as it is able to form hydrogen bonds

  The micrograph below shows the loc 6w0gg*9o w gvnjp5g2ngitudinal cross-section of a stem from a plant in the Pinu 6gn 9o5ggjvpw0gcw2*s genus. Xylem vessels are clearly visible.


The xylem is composed of hollow, tube-like tissues that transport water through capillary action. What property of water explains capillary action?

The diagram shows a solar system very similar to ours, : qge ;1;/wta cywzdw)where five planets orbit a central stc:eq g/t1;wwwy da;)zar.


1.Define the term “Goldilocks zone”.

2.1.Label with the letter R the planet that is least likely to have extraterrestrial life present.

2.2Explain reasons for your answer to part (i).

3.1.Some of the planets in this solar system have water present on them. Suggest where this water might have come from.

3.2.Explain why the planets referred to in part (i) have retained water, whereas others in this solar system have not.

4.Suggest one other biological molecule, other than water, that may be a sign of life on a planet.

  Which of the following statements explains how water has facilitated the evo85p rdnr)prpor pd, 7-lution of life o p)dp-nr,pro d5r8pr7n Earth?