What property of water helps living organisms maintain their internal bodn4 m9 1hrhg69+p1hmu oddz- wxi/:p pdy temper-dd99g 6onr w zp4+h1: dxuhmhip /p1mature?

  Which of the following is not solmk szq4aesue9w;6l9 7uble in water?

  What substances are attracted to water and form intermolecular bpk(a04bx chy 1onds with water pk cxa1 bh4(0ymolecules?

  Which of the following is a reason for the retention of water8npe* l qta*1h on Earth?

  What is the most accepte+ hqet0 cb+*a.oh6efuxa 2bsyk,g 4h4d theory for the origin of water on Earth?

  What intermolecular bond ./ i1dg jj 5:ff5ek3.uebvocxis responsible for water's cohesive, adhesive and thermal properties?e 1kvieg/ :fc jux5f3o..d 5bj

1.Outline how hydrogen b9l,xyle ,zjo .onds form between water molecules.

2.State one of the ways how hydrophilic substances interact with water.

3.State one of the ways how non-polar molecules interact with water.

4.Distinguish cohesion and adhesion.

  Which property of water enables marine animals such as the0pjw6rhc /2ut fz*b7 b ringed seal (Pusa hispida) to stay afloat in water without expending larg *2cz6r 7wbufp0/bhjte amounts of energy?

  The cohesive and adhesive properties of water allow xylem vessels to trav7u:f 2zuz +kynsport water inside7z +ufkzy:vu 2 plants.

Which of the following are correct descriptions of how these properties are related to water transport in plants?

  Which of the following is a reason that the Earth is considered to be in ‘The 8l mkd:re -dm2di2 am1Goldilocks zone’, but Saturn is 1dd2m8eilmadmk :-2r not?

  Which of the following statements about the dipolarity of the watel9pwmz2 k+j)kq bnnshn3 k0/sy2jl89 6e j6cm r molecule are pkesw69nj q2s 2yhnm+0cm l8j6 j/zblk3) 9kntrue?
I. Oxygen attracts the shared electrons stronger than hydrogen.
II.Hydrogen atoms are partially negative.
III.The shared electrons spend more time closer to oxygen.

  Which of the following is not a reason that sclp+rb 9mphj).ientists look for the presence of water on planets as ap hl.jb+ )9rpm sign of extraterrestrial life?

  Which term to describe a propereg,l+ q9pvw t kf-s-b5ty of water is matched to its correct definition?tl-vfs+pkg -,9 be5 wq

  The image shows a wa v,0cga,tq iw,ter strider (G. lacustris) on the surface of a pond. What property of water is not dep,0cg ,q,watviicted in the image?

Below is a picture of a water strider (Gerrihg ,ggm zu75the5r67 rs sp.).


1.Explain why the water strider (Gerris sp.) does not sink.
2.Describe, using an example, the importance of water as a solvent in living organisms.

The image shows a ringed seal 6 u8hmlvqacbc84,d rrf-+3tb (Pusa hispida) that lives in the Arctic Sea.


1.Distinguish between the physical properties of air and water that allow the seal to mostly live in the sea.
2.Ringed seals glide into the water head first from ice shelves, rather like humans diving into a pool head first. Explain the advantage of entering the water in this way rather than ‘belly-flopping’ into the water.

  An investigation was carried out into the effects of,op*nzu 1jj8y,n/ro d household detergents on aquatic habitats. Scientists tested the effect of different household detergents on the surface tension of water in nn,zr*jy d pou18,/joorder to better understand the impact they may have on organisms living on the surface.

A paper clip was folded slightly on one side and rested on the surface of the water, maintained at a constant temperature and contained within a water tank. Drops of detergent solution were slowly added to the water tank until the paperclip sank to the bottom. The volume of detergent solution taken to sink the paperclip was recorded.

Detergent solutions were made by adding 5 ml of detergent to 15 ml of water.


1.Describe the relationship between the volume of detergent solution added and the surface tension of water.

2.1.For the Easy Clean detergent, calculate the mean number of drops of detergent needed to sink the paper clip.
Mean =  ml
2.2.Estimate how many drops of Easy Clean detergent solution it would take to sink 5 paper clips.

3.1.State one variable, other than those given, which would need to be controlled in this experiment in order to achieve a valid result.
3.2.Suggest one method that could be used to keep the water at a constant temperature.
3.3.Explain the importance of maintaining water at a constant temperature.
3.4.Identify one potential source of error in the methodology.
4.Suggest why different numbers of drops of detergent solution were needed to sink the paperclip between each type of detergent.

  Which of the following is not a real-lif-7mfpvm/-p+l esir z8w57e x+x9oruge example of adhesion?

The image shows a cross-section of the vascular tissue of a woody dicot stem, sm v5t*f:sjtn+,w3wqia cv .3dhowing the annuq,n cw3j5 +t*vmd3iw st.fva :al rings of phloem and xylem.


Explain how the properties of water allow it to be transported in the xylem.
Describe a physical property of water, other than those that are important for the movement of water through the plant, that makes water essential for the survival of plants.
Outline why plants cannot use water to transport lipids.
If the temperature drops to -1$^{\circ}$ for a few hours suggest a reason why the water in xylem may not freeze.

  The black-throated loon (Gavia arctica) is a bird that lives near labbr6 /55m i)jvwnnnx,n)y px*rge bodies of water in cold climates. Which of the following is a correct description of how the properties of water may make winter temperatures more moderate for the black-j)nwb m) ,nryx5b56 vi/ n*pxnthroated loon?

  Which of the following statement(s) about the roq2 nq/ 5etg(b(1zogcdle of water as a solvent is correc /5b(2g q(qdgze1otcn t?

I. Salt can dissolve in water because it is hydrophilic
II. Lipids cannot dissolve in water because they are non-polar
III. Cellulose can dissolve in water, as it is able to form hydrogen bonds

  The micrograph below shows the longitudinal cross-section of a stxa p-c2mju6e5s s4cysl uv: +xr*j(- )zs a,xzem from a plant in the Pinus genus. Xylem vessels are clearly visibleez4l+ux5(cs*)sux :26 sy,axvp -rzc jmas-j .


The xylem is composed of hollow, tube-like tissues that transport water through capillary action. What property of water explains capillary action?

The diagram shows a solar system very similar to ours, where five planetmxv6k2 ex rg.:v3 nuf,s orbit a centraekxgvvu :n.23f x6,rml star.


1.Define the term “Goldilocks zone”.

2.1.Label with the letter R the planet that is least likely to have extraterrestrial life present.

2.2Explain reasons for your answer to part (i).

3.1.Some of the planets in this solar system have water present on them. Suggest where this water might have come from.

3.2.Explain why the planets referred to in part (i) have retained water, whereas others in this solar system have not.

4.Suggest one other biological molecule, other than water, that may be a sign of life on a planet.

  Which of the following statements explains how water has facilitated the evolut 9xm;y9gvig s;ion of life onyvsxi9;; g9g m Earth?