What property of water helps living organisms maintain their internal bvr,yltcq6ukl-fr7z6 d; l66 o ody temperature,rl6klo uylq;-fv7t6d66cz r ?

  Which of the following is not soluble in v1ougc;y y jgut27 o42water?

  What substances are attracty0vha *. 8g qi6nn1jyued to water and form intermolecular bonds with water molec* v80h nquay16yigj .nules?

  Which of the following is a reason for the retention 9 iehqb+lvw- :of water on Earth?

  What is the most accepted theory for the origin of water on Earth?s;je 2paxoo5jl8* *xv0ysb +d

  What intermolecular bond is responsible for water's 9m(zvb2 4 /wp b3z shl29k,smmq-c agecohesive, adhesive and thermal pesm pg2lahbmw m vqc,-z 3z4s9b/2(k9 roperties?

1.Outline how hydrogen bonds form between wa45zc3ht jtze (ter molecules.

2.State one of the ways how hydrophilic substances interact with water.

3.State one of the ways how non-polar molecules interact with water.

4.Distinguish cohesion and adhesion.

  Which property of water enables marine animals such as the4ee .) ivhinzq0bdr:+ ringed seal (Pusa hispida) to stayz :r0e.4qiv )eb nhdi+ afloat in water without expending large amounts of energy?

  The cohesive and adhesive properties of water allow xylem vessels tps uct9*j4:mzr/p g6vr+g mo2o transport water inszps gr 4uop9:v*g+mr/cj2mt 6ide plants.

Which of the following are correct descriptions of how these properties are related to water transport in plants?

  Which of the following i hxg(i h1 y1tw2 2ka+ 5gncvhq*ig2g7hs a reason that the Earth is considered to be in ‘The Goldilocks zone’, but Saturn i (+qxvh12g g1gy2hcg* iwhn2 t5h7akis not?

  Which of the following statements about the dipolarity op8dkmn3 *- ac(a 4eungf the water molecule are 3unk cmgad4 8*n -a(petrue?
I. Oxygen attracts the shared electrons stronger than hydrogen.
II.Hydrogen atoms are partially negative.
III.The shared electrons spend more time closer to oxygen.

  Which of the followinl cmo-p3z 5x)65zzwxn g is not a reason that scientists look for the presence of wateoxw-pz mz5n6l xz 53c)r on planets as a sign of extraterrestrial life?

  Which term to describe a property of otle7mbk/-sq f;yxj 0(n( b9yt:v 5dp water is matched to its correct definition?xs/b:ytm vq( 9e7ok n(j0 y;f dblp5t-

  The image shows a water ssv -hnffwf()8dj3ww(mse5:m: k2 awgtrider (G. lacustris) on the surface of a pond. What property of water is not depicted fkg8m)w fs-s3d:v 5m2(fnw h(ejww:a in the image?

Below is a picture of a water mpjtkljd5mr,c24; bc9b * rg; v ;.zuystrider (Gerris sp.).


1.Explain why the water strider (Gerris sp.) does not sink.
2.Describe, using an example, the importance of water as a solvent in living organisms.

The image shows a ringed seal (eq 2qze1- 1hw+e vcbo-Pusa hispida) that lives in the Arctic Sea.


1.Distinguish between the physical properties of air and water that allow the seal to mostly live in the sea.
2.Ringed seals glide into the water head first from ice shelves, rather like humans diving into a pool head first. Explain the advantage of entering the water in this way rather than ‘belly-flopping’ into the water.

  An investigation was carried out+8c s;mc6xe kf into the effects of household detergents on aquatic habitats. Scientists testemx+ccs8e k ;f6d the effect of different household detergents on the surface tension of water in order to better understand the impact they may have on organisms living on the surface.

A paper clip was folded slightly on one side and rested on the surface of the water, maintained at a constant temperature and contained within a water tank. Drops of detergent solution were slowly added to the water tank until the paperclip sank to the bottom. The volume of detergent solution taken to sink the paperclip was recorded.

Detergent solutions were made by adding 5 ml of detergent to 15 ml of water.


1.Describe the relationship between the volume of detergent solution added and the surface tension of water.

2.1.For the Easy Clean detergent, calculate the mean number of drops of detergent needed to sink the paper clip.
Mean =  ml
2.2.Estimate how many drops of Easy Clean detergent solution it would take to sink 5 paper clips.

3.1.State one variable, other than those given, which would need to be controlled in this experiment in order to achieve a valid result.
3.2.Suggest one method that could be used to keep the water at a constant temperature.
3.3.Explain the importance of maintaining water at a constant temperature.
3.4.Identify one potential source of error in the methodology.
4.Suggest why different numbers of drops of detergent solution were needed to sink the paperclip between each type of detergent.

  Which of the following is not a real-life example ohk0yu xtl3 +y5f adhesion?

The image shows a cross-section of ther0bx+-yjk 5en vascular tissue of a woody dicot stem, showing the annual rings of phloem ann rk-je0 y+5xbd xylem.


Explain how the properties of water allow it to be transported in the xylem.
Describe a physical property of water, other than those that are important for the movement of water through the plant, that makes water essential for the survival of plants.
Outline why plants cannot use water to transport lipids.
If the temperature drops to -1$^{\circ}$ for a few hours suggest a reason why the water in xylem may not freeze.

  The black-throated loon (Gavia arctica) is a bird that lives near la pk u:fr(sk,(frge bodies of water in cold climates. Which o:u (kspfkr f,(f the following is a correct description of how the properties of water may make winter temperatures more moderate for the black-throated loon?

  Which of the following statemewssf2r 8cm8m fp/h)t hjt0i,3nt(s) about the role of water as a solvent is correc/phcis8ffsr3 w hm8m) 2tjt ,0t?

I. Salt can dissolve in water because it is hydrophilic
II. Lipids cannot dissolve in water because they are non-polar
III. Cellulose can dissolve in water, as it is able to form hydrogen bonds

  The micrograph below shows the loxgszo 2**.e t()sm w9u(bxukp g hl4n1ngitudinal cross-section of a stem from a plant i)*.g9m s2uwu * z4xt1 pk(elboxngh(s n the Pinus genus. Xylem vessels are clearly visible.


The xylem is composed of hollow, tube-like tissues that transport water through capillary action. What property of water explains capillary action?

The diagram shows a solar system very similar to ours,bp hqsh1ntn*j5qz;hlhz / ,c2j5 q++c where five planets orbit z b5q,j5hnhq;h+ qn2jz sc cp*ht/l1 +a central star.


1.Define the term “Goldilocks zone”.

2.1.Label with the letter R the planet that is least likely to have extraterrestrial life present.

2.2Explain reasons for your answer to part (i).

3.1.Some of the planets in this solar system have water present on them. Suggest where this water might have come from.

3.2.Explain why the planets referred to in part (i) have retained water, whereas others in this solar system have not.

4.Suggest one other biological molecule, other than water, that may be a sign of life on a planet.

  Which of the following statementsfx sos3o obml9cx9: c*vt1n.d55l p 9o explains how water has facilitated the evolution of life on s3moo o59*olcx p5txd9fn .1s bvl c:9Earth?