What property of water helps living organisms maintai0,:a e, g j8p0am1h r1p6qqfhawavt8fn their internal body temperaturegr hp ,jhfaa6q a qp8018mt, a0fwve1:?

  Which of the following is:c8wck32(kch s aobw: not soluble in water?

  What substances are attracted to water and form intermolecular bonds wi2j;4s s6dpsg m.v0am sth water molecul0mvmss624;jadpg ss.es?

  Which of the following is a reason for the retention of;ok8vk llb6,s zr m4q 9*iy-mg water on Earth?

  What is the most accept:g.m iq mm+4d*j1pa -xy ng4zded theory for the origin of water on Earth?

  What intermolecular bond is rec eims4;*p0 ffsponsible for water's cohesive, adhesive and thermalp*4cf;fme 0is properties?

1.Outline how hydrogen bonds form between wate.b udgr4jx,:v -ot/a; onor s.r molecules.

2.State one of the ways how hydrophilic substances interact with water.

3.State one of the ways how non-polar molecules interact with water.

4.Distinguish cohesion and adhesion.

  Which property of water enables marine animals such as the ringed seal (Pus -fkg 9mpx:2pltf7/6o fy h5kjvm rukj55n-k, a hispida) to stay afloat in water without expending large amounts of 2p5f ol/55j ,pxt9u7 gyfk f k- mrkv-kmhn:j6energy?

  The cohesive and adhesive properties of water ff3ivlx(4- uolb d1*s.if n8p allow xylem vessels to transport waif83ov.*b- if(s4ul p dxlnf1ter inside plants.

Which of the following are correct descriptions of how these properties are related to water transport in plants?

  Which of the following is a reason that the ls w6/.7o 5 usdmu2nwq;nre; jEarth is considered to be in ‘The Goldilocks zone’, but Saturn is m l6 ;dnjuwnsu2o/.5s7r e;wqnot?

  Which of the following statements about tfnv6)2fp 7j0q62y shq rwm kh3he dipolarity of the water molecule are true? 2 ) fn fq30sq hhm6p2k7jrv6yw
I. Oxygen attracts the shared electrons stronger than hydrogen.
II.Hydrogen atoms are partially negative.
III.The shared electrons spend more time closer to oxygen.

  Which of the following is not a reason that scientispvsat 4y: xt:yogn: h5c/j) ,sts look for the presence of water on planetshtpyns :4c)g,:/ xj :t5yavos as a sign of extraterrestrial life?

  Which term to describe a property of water is matched to its correctxhtlr)k w1f4 08etyz6 definition?41h0e kt8f wztx)6ly r

  The image shows a water strider 0.xmm2ncwa/xg gk t(1(G. lacustris) on the surface of a pond. What property of 0g1/(w.ak mx2mngtxc water is not depicted in the image?

Below is a picture of a waqh*o/a9w;8a qenlt/4qd1 yx4e jbai 5ter strider (Gerris sp.).


1.Explain why the water strider (Gerris sp.) does not sink.
2.Describe, using an example, the importance of water as a solvent in living organisms.

The image shows a ringed se209v (3w3hhuw6v tgw0 cho fcbal (Pusa hispida) that lives in the Arctic Sea.


1.Distinguish between the physical properties of air and water that allow the seal to mostly live in the sea.
2.Ringed seals glide into the water head first from ice shelves, rather like humans diving into a pool head first. Explain the advantage of entering the water in this way rather than ‘belly-flopping’ into the water.

  An investigation was carried out into the effects of householdq+da 8ya39g4 yrwjvi h06kan3b:, kpp detergents on aquatic habitat9qha 30 k8vya4bd+3pi y wrknp6:a,jgs. Scientists tested the effect of different household detergents on the surface tension of water in order to better understand the impact they may have on organisms living on the surface.

A paper clip was folded slightly on one side and rested on the surface of the water, maintained at a constant temperature and contained within a water tank. Drops of detergent solution were slowly added to the water tank until the paperclip sank to the bottom. The volume of detergent solution taken to sink the paperclip was recorded.

Detergent solutions were made by adding 5 ml of detergent to 15 ml of water.


1.Describe the relationship between the volume of detergent solution added and the surface tension of water.

2.1.For the Easy Clean detergent, calculate the mean number of drops of detergent needed to sink the paper clip.
Mean =  ml
2.2.Estimate how many drops of Easy Clean detergent solution it would take to sink 5 paper clips.

3.1.State one variable, other than those given, which would need to be controlled in this experiment in order to achieve a valid result.
3.2.Suggest one method that could be used to keep the water at a constant temperature.
3.3.Explain the importance of maintaining water at a constant temperature.
3.4.Identify one potential source of error in the methodology.
4.Suggest why different numbers of drops of detergent solution were needed to sink the paperclip between each type of detergent.

  Which of the following is not a real-life example txj:mwq(e9n03 9la b 3bntwj/of adhesion?

The image shows a cross-section of ticyxn)yg60- x 9,t rz3imjr1phe vascular tissue of a woody dicot stem, showiizr3n,-1r6yctpj)xy gmx0 i9 ng the annual rings of phloem and xylem.


Explain how the properties of water allow it to be transported in the xylem.
Describe a physical property of water, other than those that are important for the movement of water through the plant, that makes water essential for the survival of plants.
Outline why plants cannot use water to transport lipids.
If the temperature drops to -1$^{\circ}$ for a few hours suggest a reason why the water in xylem may not freeze.

  The black-throated loon (Gavi ,luc8/h a0.ddtr3hvt w)b(daa arctica) is a bird that lives near large bodies of water in cold climates. Which of the following is a correct description of how the properties of water may make winter temperatures more mo).h 0tdhrcb u 3adtw,v8 a(ld/derate for the black-throated loon?

  Which of the following statem*ocx:e-j z8er p;mw zk0u- qh2ent(s) about the role of water as a solvent is correct? qexou0w 8kczm;-e z*:-p hj2 r

I. Salt can dissolve in water because it is hydrophilic
II. Lipids cannot dissolve in water because they are non-polar
III. Cellulose can dissolve in water, as it is able to form hydrogen bonds

  The micrograph below shows the longitudinal lw9vbsw1:-i6cot j,a cross-section of a stem from a plant in the Pinus genus.vow6lt:sa bj9c, i-1w Xylem vessels are clearly visible.


The xylem is composed of hollow, tube-like tissues that transport water through capillary action. What property of water explains capillary action?

The diagram shows a solar system very similar to ours, whereua 9v/i h.d ev*.vwsyl08 ujq; five planets orbit a centr*wl .8; ahyvd.u0 uv9sevj/qial star.


1.Define the term “Goldilocks zone”.

2.1.Label with the letter R the planet that is least likely to have extraterrestrial life present.

2.2Explain reasons for your answer to part (i).

3.1.Some of the planets in this solar system have water present on them. Suggest where this water might have come from.

3.2.Explain why the planets referred to in part (i) have retained water, whereas others in this solar system have not.

4.Suggest one other biological molecule, other than water, that may be a sign of life on a planet.

  Which of the following statekoi 7nwlcmz *:9c ,8alments explains how water has facilitated the evolution of life on Earth87 :wmi9 kza*llno, cc?