What property of water helps living orgmw 0p9*/a :nq1flbveo anisms maintain their internal body tempebfov m9q pae1n0w/l*:rature?

  Which of the followingg0jltt y 197 pgw3md0c9y3nds is not soluble in water?

  What substances are attracted to water and form loe fh55q2axsxps3, k 4,, pcmintermolecular bonds with water molecules?soqax5 c4e35 s,hxm,lf,k2p p

  Which of the following is a n*b-)tvc xl a6 :o9x5hatl0v lreason for the retention of water on Earth?

  What is the most accepted theory for the origin of water onsknt8c h94b27/pu cy d Earth?

  What intermolecular bond is responsible forog 3vgbymdn8(yab u:uo 1+j;g tey52 9 water's cohesive, adhesive and thermal propertieso9;gb1(+o:uv35njb tg2dg 8yumyea y ?

1.Outline how hydrogen bond;x. ntytoi 5(vukgp.ax/tz- 3s form between water molecules.

2.State one of the ways how hydrophilic substances interact with water.

3.State one of the ways how non-polar molecules interact with water.

4.Distinguish cohesion and adhesion.

  Which property of water enables marine animals such as the ringed seal (Pusa h .1r,ou3rluv2z fz3o/q a*qpf ispida) to stay aflop,1fflo3*u aozz qr. 3 /vq2ruat in water without expending large amounts of energy?

  The cohesive and adhesive propert7 v5638pukur nqyt cxth7z+2kies of water allow xylem vessels to transport water inside pla52p7kuhckt6 3x8 +rvutnz7 yqnts.

Which of the following are correct descriptions of how these properties are related to water transport in plants?

  Which of the following is a reason that the Earth iq 4dcv4.95o hi,my qxns considered to be in ‘The Goldilock5,o4x9h qy4mdi.cnqvs zone’, but Saturn is not?

  Which of the following statements about the dipolarity of t ;xmh5n kq6tb:bk:)rmz4c js:he water molecule are true?6:)nbs:mbkc jtx4m hrkq5 :;z
I. Oxygen attracts the shared electrons stronger than hydrogen.
II.Hydrogen atoms are partially negative.
III.The shared electrons spend more time closer to oxygen.

  Which of the following is not a reason that scientists look for the pre km0w*m5rb/ ubsence of water on5 ub/rw0 *kmmb planets as a sign of extraterrestrial life?

  Which term to describe a property of water isk8jbc g yki+/; matched to its correct definition?ykg bc;/kij+8

  The image shows a water strider (G. lacustrisse)zw)b q8xh)w lcv (1) on the surface of a pond. What proper xv(sq ew)zl))h18wcbty of water is not depicted in the image?

Below is a picture of a wa y ln,8bqq8 gt/4ox-jiter strider (Gerris sp.).


1.Explain why the water strider (Gerris sp.) does not sink.
2.Describe, using an example, the importance of water as a solvent in living organisms.

The image shows a ringed seal (Pusa hispida) that lives in the Arctic Sej6: zk-buew1 1bqaz qz:5y) vda.


1.Distinguish between the physical properties of air and water that allow the seal to mostly live in the sea.
2.Ringed seals glide into the water head first from ice shelves, rather like humans diving into a pool head first. Explain the advantage of entering the water in this way rather than ‘belly-flopping’ into the water.

  An investigation was carried out into the effects of household detergents odz 1ww)/ka tgbaa5w3h71n8 uo n aquatic habitats. Scientists tested the effect of different household detergents on the surface tension of water in order to better understand the impact they ma w)atd 85ohnzakg1ww1uba/37 y have on organisms living on the surface.

A paper clip was folded slightly on one side and rested on the surface of the water, maintained at a constant temperature and contained within a water tank. Drops of detergent solution were slowly added to the water tank until the paperclip sank to the bottom. The volume of detergent solution taken to sink the paperclip was recorded.

Detergent solutions were made by adding 5 ml of detergent to 15 ml of water.


1.Describe the relationship between the volume of detergent solution added and the surface tension of water.

2.1.For the Easy Clean detergent, calculate the mean number of drops of detergent needed to sink the paper clip.
Mean =  ml
2.2.Estimate how many drops of Easy Clean detergent solution it would take to sink 5 paper clips.

3.1.State one variable, other than those given, which would need to be controlled in this experiment in order to achieve a valid result.
3.2.Suggest one method that could be used to keep the water at a constant temperature.
3.3.Explain the importance of maintaining water at a constant temperature.
3.4.Identify one potential source of error in the methodology.
4.Suggest why different numbers of drops of detergent solution were needed to sink the paperclip between each type of detergent.

  Which of the following is not a rlt 24jpyoyhrp 3td5eww. :r(7eal-life example of adhesion?

The image shows a cross-section of the vascular tissue of a cx1+pmcsyq pm - 42bto0*wc)g woody dicot stem, showing the annu-t c41wysop* 0x mg bqpc+mc2)al rings of phloem and xylem.


Explain how the properties of water allow it to be transported in the xylem.
Describe a physical property of water, other than those that are important for the movement of water through the plant, that makes water essential for the survival of plants.
Outline why plants cannot use water to transport lipids.
If the temperature drops to -1$^{\circ}$ for a few hours suggest a reason why the water in xylem may not freeze.

  The black-throated loon (Gavia arctica) is a bird that lives nb/7a.o) egtk gear large bodies of water in cold climates. Which of the following is a correct descra.7)ote/kg bgiption of how the properties of water may make winter temperatures more moderate for the black-throated loon?

  Which of the following statement(s) about the role of water as a solvent is car ,s0ihu rs)v89h2kb orrect? russ0ha)rbh 89 2 ,vki

I. Salt can dissolve in water because it is hydrophilic
II. Lipids cannot dissolve in water because they are non-polar
III. Cellulose can dissolve in water, as it is able to form hydrogen bonds

  The micrograph below shows the qcaemc;z72h6+ vw5m ilongitudinal cross-section of a stem from a plant in the Pinus genus. Xylem vemcv zwic+ a2 q7;56hemssels are clearly visible.


The xylem is composed of hollow, tube-like tissues that transport water through capillary action. What property of water explains capillary action?

The diagram shows a solar system very a)g (1 aat:okkn7xj.i similar to ours, where five planets orbit a centralxi):tao7 jan1 a kk.g( star.


1.Define the term “Goldilocks zone”.

2.1.Label with the letter R the planet that is least likely to have extraterrestrial life present.

2.2Explain reasons for your answer to part (i).

3.1.Some of the planets in this solar system have water present on them. Suggest where this water might have come from.

3.2.Explain why the planets referred to in part (i) have retained water, whereas others in this solar system have not.

4.Suggest one other biological molecule, other than water, that may be a sign of life on a planet.

  Which of the following statements explains how waterm tco (9v gls*z j8k;36l3drub has facilitated the evolution of limdr9 ltbug3 c6z*(lojk38vs;fe on Earth?