What property of water helps living organisms maintain ctyq; r4c( i 5knu9)jhw5 pww;their internal body temperaturt c(u wci5y 5 4)k;jw;qhpnr9we?

  Which of the following is not soluble i r5 -fjc d8dm.x0 byqj.rc6p7in water?

  What substances are attracted to water and form intermolecular bonds with wk59o3; s rgmg2nabm: g vhi**zkm/vl (ater molecuo/zmv*s9i m5grgn2l(b*h; kak 3vmg:les?

  Which of the following is a reason for the retention of water on Eavqgi4 ;1nqkn/ r hs2z0rth?

  What is the most accepted theory for the origin9w o x y.,6bxjz2ya;zd of water on Earth?

  What intermolecular bond is responsible for water'3xu4g46 fe dbeo tk1d4s cohesive, adhesive and thermal4d4ut 6dxee o3bkf1 4g properties?

1.Outline how hydrogen bonds form betwekqi gwa 2adh58.*k-cs en water molecules.

2.State one of the ways how hydrophilic substances interact with water.

3.State one of the ways how non-polar molecules interact with water.

4.Distinguish cohesion and adhesion.

  Which property of water enables marine animals such as the ringed seal (Pusa hm;sji bo.llx; r;vzk 6 +95wkcispida) to stay afloat in water wi;c5;i .sbomzkl6v r wl+x9;kj thout expending large amounts of energy?

  The cohesive and adhesive cr0:6ndsy s4hproperties of water allow xylem vessels to transport water inside:0 6sryhs4cdn plants.

Which of the following are correct descriptions of how these properties are related to water transport in plants?

  Which of the following is a reason that the Earth is considered to bedsfdmid84ik4am+q+af i: jr 99pma83 l5vz 5a in ‘The Goldilocks zone’pd saa5m:5 d9rv 4a3j f8z +9+admkmf8i qi4il, but Saturn is not?

  Which of the following stkiniu;-ydtr2l 1o x )5atements about the dipolarity of the water molecule are trro51nux)t i-k 2ld i;yue?
I. Oxygen attracts the shared electrons stronger than hydrogen.
II.Hydrogen atoms are partially negative.
III.The shared electrons spend more time closer to oxygen.

  Which of the following is not a reason that scientists look for the presqx9kbal:vy ; .ence of water on planets as a sign of extraterrestrial lifeqy .:b9k;xlav ?

  Which term to describe a property of water is matcheoxv)lm ptpz*(+;dy) o7x (bx qd to its correct definition? v(+p(xpdxx7mqol))z;b* y to

  The image shows a water strider (G. lacustrt93ky -/vh uum+ f7dkcis) on the surface of a pond. What property of water is not depicted in t-k3uy7 d+k/ 9tufcmhvhe image?

Below is a picture of a water stridxnhco 4v1e w:2 .qm )las7b0yoer (Gerris sp.).


1.Explain why the water strider (Gerris sp.) does not sink.
2.Describe, using an example, the importance of water as a solvent in living organisms.

The image shows a ringed seal (Pusa hispida) to7it6jyd. syo ,-yaa4y9xsk 6hat lives in the Arctic Sea.


1.Distinguish between the physical properties of air and water that allow the seal to mostly live in the sea.
2.Ringed seals glide into the water head first from ice shelves, rather like humans diving into a pool head first. Explain the advantage of entering the water in this way rather than ‘belly-flopping’ into the water.

  An investigation was carried out into the effects of household *ti;jo. ml7lod4 7vmo detergents on aquatic habitats. Scientists tested the effect of different household detergents on the surface tension of water in order to better7l .; tvidj4lmo*7mo o understand the impact they may have on organisms living on the surface.

A paper clip was folded slightly on one side and rested on the surface of the water, maintained at a constant temperature and contained within a water tank. Drops of detergent solution were slowly added to the water tank until the paperclip sank to the bottom. The volume of detergent solution taken to sink the paperclip was recorded.

Detergent solutions were made by adding 5 ml of detergent to 15 ml of water.


1.Describe the relationship between the volume of detergent solution added and the surface tension of water.

2.1.For the Easy Clean detergent, calculate the mean number of drops of detergent needed to sink the paper clip.
Mean =  ml
2.2.Estimate how many drops of Easy Clean detergent solution it would take to sink 5 paper clips.

3.1.State one variable, other than those given, which would need to be controlled in this experiment in order to achieve a valid result.
3.2.Suggest one method that could be used to keep the water at a constant temperature.
3.3.Explain the importance of maintaining water at a constant temperature.
3.4.Identify one potential source of error in the methodology.
4.Suggest why different numbers of drops of detergent solution were needed to sink the paperclip between each type of detergent.

  Which of the followin8m m5 nv54llsk(0fj j*yb /gjlg is not a real-life example of adhesion?

The image shows a cross-secr6 fji8f lfg).tion of the vascular tissue of a woody dicot stem, showing the anl fg) f6j8r.ifnual rings of phloem and xylem.


Explain how the properties of water allow it to be transported in the xylem.
Describe a physical property of water, other than those that are important for the movement of water through the plant, that makes water essential for the survival of plants.
Outline why plants cannot use water to transport lipids.
If the temperature drops to -1$^{\circ}$ for a few hours suggest a reason why the water in xylem may not freeze.

  The black-throated loon (Gavia arctica) is a bird that lives near la()r zobwuolakup .p.xo 2,-a, rge bodies of water in cold climates. Which of the following is a correct description of how thp k,)xo.z2u. ulabr(a, w- pooe properties of water may make winter temperatures more moderate for the black-throated loon?

  Which of the following statement(s) about the role of water as a solvent o sghhg4 (*e1lis correct? 1oh(*eggl4hs

I. Salt can dissolve in water because it is hydrophilic
II. Lipids cannot dissolve in water because they are non-polar
III. Cellulose can dissolve in water, as it is able to form hydrogen bonds

  The micrograph below shows the longitudinal cross-sectio4hhu.s- nzkwv-vu *5n n of a stem from a plant in the Pinus genus. Xylem vessels are clear-us-nv w* v.zh h5ukn4ly visible.


The xylem is composed of hollow, tube-like tissues that transport water through capillary action. What property of water explains capillary action?

The diagram shows a solar system very similar seua*ph+2h 1eto ours, where five planets orbit a *2p ee+suahh1 central star.


1.Define the term “Goldilocks zone”.

2.1.Label with the letter R the planet that is least likely to have extraterrestrial life present.

2.2Explain reasons for your answer to part (i).

3.1.Some of the planets in this solar system have water present on them. Suggest where this water might have come from.

3.2.Explain why the planets referred to in part (i) have retained water, whereas others in this solar system have not.

4.Suggest one other biological molecule, other than water, that may be a sign of life on a planet.

  Which of the following statements explains va1poa8nvln;ue c 9/4how water has facilitated the evolution of life on Eu/opa v89c1an; n el4varth?