What property of water helps living orga1;bivaru .jli gc: r)l 1h5w7knisms maintain their internal body temperatr 5k;j71l i:g.bcua hiwl 1)vrure?

  Which of the following is nnwspr yf+k/+ dc1q76 h oh:gc,ot soluble in water?

  What substances are attracted to water and form intermolecular bonds with wate5ih6 a3if yxp18el t-jr l6 hpext-a 1i 853jfiymolecules?

  Which of the following is a reason for the re9l n(dqyrgm,g8rk2 ,stention of water on Earth?

  What is the most accepted theo5pq05 qem,dq: k4 dwwery for the origin of water on Earth?

  What intermolecular bond is responsible for water's cohesive, adhesiveb638r k9l 3 tkvo)zbp/ao 3mga and thermal propert3 bk)ab8 k/zgo p6l9tro3m3va ies?

1.Outline how hydrogen bonds form between water molecurz, gg *y1;ktgles.

2.State one of the ways how hydrophilic substances interact with water.

3.State one of the ways how non-polar molecules interact with water.

4.Distinguish cohesion and adhesion.

  Which property of water enables marine animals such as the ringed seal (Pusa hisq b) e 3j6pq2xlil(v5bzk5xp7 pida) to stay afloat in water without expending large a7b5v lqpkq3 ex2 izbl(p) 6x5jmounts of energy?

  The cohesive and adhesive properties of water allow xylem vessd2nm t(7hr+fuels to transport water inside 7 (rhfumt nd2+plants.

Which of the following are correct descriptions of how these properties are related to water transport in plants?

  Which of the following is a reason that thek r i43ct*r nssd3k).l Earth is considered to be in ‘The Goldilocks zone’, but Saturn is 3k i3dtlcrk.4*ss)rn not?

  Which of the following statements about the dipolarity of the ;ivp8 jks+8irwater molecule are tr 8krs8ip;+v ijue?
I. Oxygen attracts the shared electrons stronger than hydrogen.
II.Hydrogen atoms are partially negative.
III.The shared electrons spend more time closer to oxygen.

  Which of the following is not a reason that scientists look for cw*-o7pe;/5zi ay o zuthe presence of -*/7oz oaz5 e pw;uciywater on planets as a sign of extraterrestrial life?

  Which term to describe a property of water is matched em:j ;qc9 zaw1susci3 -cz v3t:,ldh+to its correct definition?s1:a9 ,e :hm ;-sucwzq3ij z+dcv3tcl

  The image shows a water strider (G. lacustris) on the suh0 cw ;b6u yx4q,1i q)yi5nkharface of a pond. What property of water is not dekyq0w1uqbx 6; 5y)i i,h4nachpicted in the image?

Below is a picture of a water stri7de;wz d(j0 ./g6mdw)zmutd kder (Gerris sp.).


1.Explain why the water strider (Gerris sp.) does not sink.
2.Describe, using an example, the importance of water as a solvent in living organisms.

The image shows a ringed seal (Pusa hispi ahzrv .u:0:ydb4c/ dfda) that lives in the Arctic Sea.


1.Distinguish between the physical properties of air and water that allow the seal to mostly live in the sea.
2.Ringed seals glide into the water head first from ice shelves, rather like humans diving into a pool head first. Explain the advantage of entering the water in this way rather than ‘belly-flopping’ into the water.

  An investigation was carried out into the effects of household detergents onf0b t3vvm:u v: aquatic habitats. Scientists tested the effect of different household detergents on the surface tension of water in order to better understand the impactm uvbftv:3v0 : they may have on organisms living on the surface.

A paper clip was folded slightly on one side and rested on the surface of the water, maintained at a constant temperature and contained within a water tank. Drops of detergent solution were slowly added to the water tank until the paperclip sank to the bottom. The volume of detergent solution taken to sink the paperclip was recorded.

Detergent solutions were made by adding 5 ml of detergent to 15 ml of water.


1.Describe the relationship between the volume of detergent solution added and the surface tension of water.

2.1.For the Easy Clean detergent, calculate the mean number of drops of detergent needed to sink the paper clip.
Mean =  ml
2.2.Estimate how many drops of Easy Clean detergent solution it would take to sink 5 paper clips.

3.1.State one variable, other than those given, which would need to be controlled in this experiment in order to achieve a valid result.
3.2.Suggest one method that could be used to keep the water at a constant temperature.
3.3.Explain the importance of maintaining water at a constant temperature.
3.4.Identify one potential source of error in the methodology.
4.Suggest why different numbers of drops of detergent solution were needed to sink the paperclip between each type of detergent.

  Which of the following is not a real-life example of adhenh bk*mbpsq2jm zlr1 x5-5p-1sion?

The image shows a cross-section of the vascular tissue of a woody dicocovp1qn/m 44z1 efcp 5t stem, showing the annual rinfmcn z4e /vp5 1c4po1qgs of phloem and xylem.


Explain how the properties of water allow it to be transported in the xylem.
Describe a physical property of water, other than those that are important for the movement of water through the plant, that makes water essential for the survival of plants.
Outline why plants cannot use water to transport lipids.
If the temperature drops to -1$^{\circ}$ for a few hours suggest a reason why the water in xylem may not freeze.

  The black-throated loon (Gavia arctica) is ayq1j (h+sq2mvoe s5,a bird that lives near large bodies of water in cold climates. Which of the following is a correct description of how the properties of water may make winter temper2a hsm q(ov +,1qjesy5atures more moderate for the black-throated loon?

  Which of the following statement(s) about the role of wate 8hqw3 -hc/2zc()qw,uvj ci(+gke hb mr as a solvent is correci+hz-w/83cqve)(k ,bc2cjh hqm gw u(t?

I. Salt can dissolve in water because it is hydrophilic
II. Lipids cannot dissolve in water because they are non-polar
III. Cellulose can dissolve in water, as it is able to form hydrogen bonds

  The micrograph below shows the longitudinal cross-see9h c;y9edzevxv+u22 ction of a stem from a plant in the Pinus genus. Xylem vessels are clearly visible d+e9ze29he vcux2;y v.


The xylem is composed of hollow, tube-like tissues that transport water through capillary action. What property of water explains capillary action?

The diagram shows a solar sy)+8gpz k /x 8c9qpaiskstem very similar to ours, where five planets orbit a central 9ag+8k xpp )iz/c8skq star.


1.Define the term “Goldilocks zone”.

2.1.Label with the letter R the planet that is least likely to have extraterrestrial life present.

2.2Explain reasons for your answer to part (i).

3.1.Some of the planets in this solar system have water present on them. Suggest where this water might have come from.

3.2.Explain why the planets referred to in part (i) have retained water, whereas others in this solar system have not.

4.Suggest one other biological molecule, other than water, that may be a sign of life on a planet.

  Which of the following stasp9sb 4ij,)asow+0pnyjytxdu7 t ) 7*tements explains how water has facilitated the evolution t4do+ ,p uyss7)s)b9 nxwy7jij tp* 0aof life on Earth?