What property of water helps living r9gqk 43wn r;/yvv/ 8ktg3r luorganisms maintain their internal body temperat lkg3vqur3k y4 ;9gnw vr8/rt/ure?

  Which of the following is not soluble i-i 6s :oxnh*ik7zv u6c5df g,on water?

  What substances are a ,.ow1 bud 17)1aeqdczchyn9ku0rkfr6g3p .g ttracted to water and form intermolecular bonds with water m1bey10g .wnau uf7d3ck6hrqzg)k.p ,91rcd o olecules?

  Which of the following is a reab4r cb a9kcvt)z 7hqu wmq+050son for the retention of water on Earth?

  What is the most accepted theory for the origin of water on Earth?d ri e8(m )ytbj,12hderbl; /e

  What intermolecular bond is responsible for water's c6//1 zwp kiwen 9sc2pq:sd/mj ohesive, adhesive and thermal props2mq n/j1 wcippzwk 9ed/ :s6/erties?

1.Outline how hydrogen bonds form beq: .nc4lu8nqz tween water molecules.

2.State one of the ways how hydrophilic substances interact with water.

3.State one of the ways how non-polar molecules interact with water.

4.Distinguish cohesion and adhesion.

  Which property of water enables marine animals such as the ringedx mt:kb ze3b/sww0a86f2w9l nuo0v5o seal (Pusa hispida) to st xo0lwz8 wo/aks f93b5vt 0em2n bu6w:ay afloat in water without expending large amounts of energy?

  The cohesive and adhesive properties of water allow xylem vessels b4dd qf:7ppi(to transport wat7(i4fq d:bdp per inside plants.

Which of the following are correct descriptions of how these properties are related to water transport in plants?

  Which of the following is a reason that the Earth is considered tk882- ta,dxx w55t oe dillbv:o be in ‘The Goldilock5ax -oilt8,2bd8:5 vwxktle d s zone’, but Saturn is not?

  Which of the following statements aboo -jy:gx .4vef/8lnjsut the dipolarity of the water molecule are/8 xgovy.jsjfl:- en4 true?
I. Oxygen attracts the shared electrons stronger than hydrogen.
II.Hydrogen atoms are partially negative.
III.The shared electrons spend more time closer to oxygen.

  Which of the following is not a reason that scientists look for the-z, whtmjqcx m/ i)y79 presence of water on planets as a sign of extraterrestrial lify- /xtw,)h m9 m7zqcije?

  Which term to describe a property of water is matched to its corj :h fxxt,mzfuw;:h6 5rect definition?t6;uj,x:5hh xf :m fzw

  The image shows a water strider (G. lacustris) on the surfac1*xycd mak),k0v 9r4* ywa ubne of a pond. What prope ) 9,an4bdw1 ayr yumkxc0k*v*rty of water is not depicted in the image?

Below is a picture of a water strider (Gerlbq/h bhb/:ctbo/t ,a 96h0d vris sp.).


1.Explain why the water strider (Gerris sp.) does not sink.
2.Describe, using an example, the importance of water as a solvent in living organisms.

The image shows a ringed sgr z.x6-zo0 q8 ue1ko7: z:r9r kjpihemxn(m7eal (Pusa hispida) that lives in the Arctic Sea.


1.Distinguish between the physical properties of air and water that allow the seal to mostly live in the sea.
2.Ringed seals glide into the water head first from ice shelves, rather like humans diving into a pool head first. Explain the advantage of entering the water in this way rather than ‘belly-flopping’ into the water.

  An investigation was carried out into kt6mftugw 67;the effects of household detergents on aquatic habitats. Scientists tested the effect of different household detergentfum 6t6wt k;g7s on the surface tension of water in order to better understand the impact they may have on organisms living on the surface.

A paper clip was folded slightly on one side and rested on the surface of the water, maintained at a constant temperature and contained within a water tank. Drops of detergent solution were slowly added to the water tank until the paperclip sank to the bottom. The volume of detergent solution taken to sink the paperclip was recorded.

Detergent solutions were made by adding 5 ml of detergent to 15 ml of water.


1.Describe the relationship between the volume of detergent solution added and the surface tension of water.

2.1.For the Easy Clean detergent, calculate the mean number of drops of detergent needed to sink the paper clip.
Mean =  ml
2.2.Estimate how many drops of Easy Clean detergent solution it would take to sink 5 paper clips.

3.1.State one variable, other than those given, which would need to be controlled in this experiment in order to achieve a valid result.
3.2.Suggest one method that could be used to keep the water at a constant temperature.
3.3.Explain the importance of maintaining water at a constant temperature.
3.4.Identify one potential source of error in the methodology.
4.Suggest why different numbers of drops of detergent solution were needed to sink the paperclip between each type of detergent.

  Which of the following is not 2hpannidjm :-6 ;h1iga real-life example of adhesion?

The image shows a cross-section of thes9 ycg7 hmh q6*c-ra)2j ajql9 vascular tissue of a woody dicot stem, showing the annual rings of phloem and9ycagj2-jh9 m) rs c*hlqaq67 xylem.


Explain how the properties of water allow it to be transported in the xylem.
Describe a physical property of water, other than those that are important for the movement of water through the plant, that makes water essential for the survival of plants.
Outline why plants cannot use water to transport lipids.
If the temperature drops to -1$^{\circ}$ for a few hours suggest a reason why the water in xylem may not freeze.

  The black-throated loon (Gavia arctica) ntip/xt*9pj azh 3r*- is a bird that lives near large bodies of water in cold climates. Which of the following is a correct description of how the properties of water may make winter temperatures morit ptz *np9jh-ar*3/x e moderate for the black-throated loon?

  Which of the following statement(s) about the role kp:8(pq y2 o;d,yiaq kof water as a solvent is correct;kdai k 2yopy8q(p:,q?

I. Salt can dissolve in water because it is hydrophilic
II. Lipids cannot dissolve in water because they are non-polar
III. Cellulose can dissolve in water, as it is able to form hydrogen bonds

  The micrograph below shows the/z.v0o ycd2l/ lo 4orv longitudinal cross-section of a stem from a plant in the yvz/o04v d/col o r2l.Pinus genus. Xylem vessels are clearly visible.


The xylem is composed of hollow, tube-like tissues that transport water through capillary action. What property of water explains capillary action?

The diagram shows a solar system very similar to ours, wkrh52beyaic r7b; azo j/7j*,here five planets orbit a bzayjeio7,;ck27r hb 5 /*ajrcentral star.


1.Define the term “Goldilocks zone”.

2.1.Label with the letter R the planet that is least likely to have extraterrestrial life present.

2.2Explain reasons for your answer to part (i).

3.1.Some of the planets in this solar system have water present on them. Suggest where this water might have come from.

3.2.Explain why the planets referred to in part (i) have retained water, whereas others in this solar system have not.

4.Suggest one other biological molecule, other than water, that may be a sign of life on a planet.

  Which of the following statements explains how water has facilitated the evol:k2xzxq ;tih6,dwb( lution of life on Eartx6k:,2l(xhti d zwq;bh?