What property of water helps living organisms maintain their i mkz1x:bbyj)9 nternal body temper):ybm9zj xk1bature?

  Which of the following;-m a(tfle, gin0cyi( is not soluble in water?

  What substances are attrargkxqxeu)+ f42arpurb c,() 3cted to water and form intermolecular bonds with water molea+q bufp kgx,) (x4r rre2)u3ccules?

  Which of the following is a reason for the retention of water on ptq /iwtpj8;ndf5 q/-Earth?

  What is the most accepted th-ra4nk0e8sv o /* dxcheory for the origin of water on Earth?

  What intermolecular bond is responsible for water's cohesive, adhesive and ther*d.x)1;qkt3 q gksbo5n5d uopmal propertsd) .b;1kqt3k 5pdnq uo*xg 5oies?

1.Outline how hydrogen bonds form between wa7 +hag-o1 gwcrc ec29dter molecules.

2.State one of the ways how hydrophilic substances interact with water.

3.State one of the ways how non-polar molecules interact with water.

4.Distinguish cohesion and adhesion.

  Which property of water enables marine animals such as the ringed seal (Pusa hisi j gua kkzm.cakx3657kga :+;pida) to stay afloat in water without expz7mu ajk5.ia ; 3ak+g cx:kg6kending large amounts of energy?

  The cohesive and adhesive properties of water allow xylem vessemj9j 0q id wilf*bvz89inpb.,*3ml8e ls to transport water inside plants.mi9w8.9mlb ,i3i* qjbv 0p zeljdf*n8

Which of the following are correct descriptions of how these properties are related to water transport in plants?

  Which of the following is a reason that the Earth is consi),xl):jngg +mcp 6qlu0 9w egca/fj x2dered to be in ‘The Gojjnua :e9c )fxlw,206x) pglg/+gqm cldilocks zone’, but Saturn is not?

  Which of the following statements about the dipolarity of thfn2e: qibn agfb*8 *jy5a3c z(e water molecule are tz5f 2b* (3nbngae:fq8*y jciarue?
I. Oxygen attracts the shared electrons stronger than hydrogen.
II.Hydrogen atoms are partially negative.
III.The shared electrons spend more time closer to oxygen.

  Which of the following is not a reason that scientis o1w2k(*) ajc9 tgoij8up fri.ts look for the presence of water on planets as a sign of extraterrestrial lokjurig1 ). 9ct2*af8jop (wiife?

  Which term to describehw(zq+pm 1r v; a property of water is matched to its correct definition? v1(qp rm+;hwz

  The image shows a water strider (G. lacustris) on the surface of awrx)cx ,949d hb 9vgfke d5a7h pond. What property of watef9wre7 x4hvc)axhd 9gdk5b9, r is not depicted in the image?

Below is a picture of a water strid4 oe(nd;guc s)er (Gerris sp.).


1.Explain why the water strider (Gerris sp.) does not sink.
2.Describe, using an example, the importance of water as a solvent in living organisms.

The image shows a ringed seal (Pusa hispida) that l, rt(7 tgyrtl-ives in the Arctic Sea.


1.Distinguish between the physical properties of air and water that allow the seal to mostly live in the sea.
2.Ringed seals glide into the water head first from ice shelves, rather like humans diving into a pool head first. Explain the advantage of entering the water in this way rather than ‘belly-flopping’ into the water.

  An investigation was carried out into the effects of household detergents on aq6fsk hgyp a:9)uatic habi69kp fsha :)ygtats. Scientists tested the effect of different household detergents on the surface tension of water in order to better understand the impact they may have on organisms living on the surface.

A paper clip was folded slightly on one side and rested on the surface of the water, maintained at a constant temperature and contained within a water tank. Drops of detergent solution were slowly added to the water tank until the paperclip sank to the bottom. The volume of detergent solution taken to sink the paperclip was recorded.

Detergent solutions were made by adding 5 ml of detergent to 15 ml of water.


1.Describe the relationship between the volume of detergent solution added and the surface tension of water.

2.1.For the Easy Clean detergent, calculate the mean number of drops of detergent needed to sink the paper clip.
Mean =  ml
2.2.Estimate how many drops of Easy Clean detergent solution it would take to sink 5 paper clips.

3.1.State one variable, other than those given, which would need to be controlled in this experiment in order to achieve a valid result.
3.2.Suggest one method that could be used to keep the water at a constant temperature.
3.3.Explain the importance of maintaining water at a constant temperature.
3.4.Identify one potential source of error in the methodology.
4.Suggest why different numbers of drops of detergent solution were needed to sink the paperclip between each type of detergent.

  Which of the following is not a real-life e x;wxxjmm)8obdql24it 1 0ff (xample of adhesion?

The image shows a cross-section of the vasculfo4+kqysgt +uy 06,w qar tissue of a woody dicot stem, showing the annual rings of phloem and xylem fqo gt q,uk6yw0++4ys.


Explain how the properties of water allow it to be transported in the xylem.
Describe a physical property of water, other than those that are important for the movement of water through the plant, that makes water essential for the survival of plants.
Outline why plants cannot use water to transport lipids.
If the temperature drops to -1$^{\circ}$ for a few hours suggest a reason why the water in xylem may not freeze.

  The black-throated loon (Gavia arctica) is a , -z6r97no(nr hpjkrsu84k l ybird that lives near large bodies of water in cold climates. Which of the following is a correct description of how the properties of water may make winter temperatu8n, 9r4nhsky(j-pr6 l urzk7ores more moderate for the black-throated loon?

  Which of the following statement(s) b351f*smzk)wz- pz gpabout the role of water as a solvent is correct? ) 3pz-gs*b 1mzp5kfzw

I. Salt can dissolve in water because it is hydrophilic
II. Lipids cannot dissolve in water because they are non-polar
III. Cellulose can dissolve in water, as it is able to form hydrogen bonds

  The micrograph below shows the longk3v ac1f1, j)7y apewl4zsja7itudinal cross-section of a stem from a plant in the Pinus gencjk473a)7w j 1afpz1sylv a,eus. Xylem vessels are clearly visible.


The xylem is composed of hollow, tube-like tissues that transport water through capillary action. What property of water explains capillary action?

The diagram shows a solar syszieggd cioni) 98-zeo(3lu8bln 9 r,,,x vg0b tem very similar to ours, where five planets orbit a ceno9cneu8i ,id9gz ,,oezi 8l(xgr g)-b3lvn 0 btral star.


1.Define the term “Goldilocks zone”.

2.1.Label with the letter R the planet that is least likely to have extraterrestrial life present.

2.2Explain reasons for your answer to part (i).

3.1.Some of the planets in this solar system have water present on them. Suggest where this water might have come from.

3.2.Explain why the planets referred to in part (i) have retained water, whereas others in this solar system have not.

4.Suggest one other biological molecule, other than water, that may be a sign of life on a planet.

  Which of the following statements exnn n ;1m -+zc an9 79srqttg-gkt2b8ue.uaxc/plains how water has facilitated the evolution of life on Eartu.9st7/za9et g q+ 2bnnktc-gm;n8cr -u1n xah?