What property of water -8p7 r jz 3z7zio: xw .rr/kw)gevc*58iobroe helps living organisms maintain their internal body temperature?*7/5x ezor 8pcweir wb3 -oki.r :g8)oz vj7zr

  Which of the following is not soluble in sagqo3xcp o7pvr7 (0- is y*t*water?

  What substances are attracted to water an,v .rtknem*2w61ug sfd form intermolecular bonds with water molecule.rst6g1 un ,2wfe*mvks?

  Which of the following is a reasox6gc9 7o 6/ ahprr ftd9s1ni.qs6wyuo l7.yg5 n for the retention of water on Earth?

  What is the most accepted theory for the origin of wateri4et.p*4j r*rgp yg ;r on Earth?

  What intermolecular bond is responsible for water's cohesive, i6l dawe6l7 /za;ga,1i5hg tv adhesive and thermal propertie e,wi67 5idaaglzvt lagh;6 /1s?

1.Outline how hydrogen bonds form between wa2f nkp8 bv*6rvter molecules.

2.State one of the ways how hydrophilic substances interact with water.

3.State one of the ways how non-polar molecules interact with water.

4.Distinguish cohesion and adhesion.

  Which property of water enables marine animals such as tvemqqp qu*,-9bhc)) /krgaw 6he ringed seal (Pusa hispida) to stay afloat in water without expeerq -9 ,gcvh m*w)u/aqkq)b6pnding large amounts of energy?

  The cohesive and adhesive properties oa*pb(2zm7 oaqag8hbxo.* /mj f water allow xylem vessels to transport water inside ( o/j mqxa8gma o72.za*b bp*hplants.

Which of the following are correct descriptions of how these properties are related to water transport in plants?

  Which of the followin-+gxd qppy/j.uj9t r 4g is a reason that the Earth is considered to be in ‘The Goldilocks zone’, but Saturn rx9 -/ptju4+ypg .qjdis not?

  Which of the followingz 00)g +yy.wm taidoj( statements about the dipolarity of the water molecule are trudoyawit0jzm0y g .()+e?
I. Oxygen attracts the shared electrons stronger than hydrogen.
II.Hydrogen atoms are partially negative.
III.The shared electrons spend more time closer to oxygen.

  Which of the following is not a recjsziq s ,i9 +r6o-it(ason that scientists look for the presence of water on planets as a sign of extratersi-iq 6 ,jcr9+ (ostizrestrial life?

  Which term to describe a property of water is matched to its correct definition8m ;c1x 1hmxaf?; 1cmx1xfa m8h

  The image shows a water strigc:f6mem c6:dder (G. lacustris) on the surface of a pond. What property of wat6mfc:dg 6: ecmer is not depicted in the image?

Below is a picture of a water strider (Gerris/:y mpt l: k1(pgmw efw*ab,2v sp.).


1.Explain why the water strider (Gerris sp.) does not sink.
2.Describe, using an example, the importance of water as a solvent in living organisms.

The image shows a ringed sea)j83rjm ev(2 5nuyldjl (Pusa hispida) that lives in the Arctic Sea.


1.Distinguish between the physical properties of air and water that allow the seal to mostly live in the sea.
2.Ringed seals glide into the water head first from ice shelves, rather like humans diving into a pool head first. Explain the advantage of entering the water in this way rather than ‘belly-flopping’ into the water.

  An investigation was carried out into the j(x3 nf.rpsy2 3t za,qeffects of household detergents on aquatic habitats. Scientists tested the effect of dif,2xja.st y3qn( rp3zfferent household detergents on the surface tension of water in order to better understand the impact they may have on organisms living on the surface.

A paper clip was folded slightly on one side and rested on the surface of the water, maintained at a constant temperature and contained within a water tank. Drops of detergent solution were slowly added to the water tank until the paperclip sank to the bottom. The volume of detergent solution taken to sink the paperclip was recorded.

Detergent solutions were made by adding 5 ml of detergent to 15 ml of water.


1.Describe the relationship between the volume of detergent solution added and the surface tension of water.

2.1.For the Easy Clean detergent, calculate the mean number of drops of detergent needed to sink the paper clip.
Mean =  ml
2.2.Estimate how many drops of Easy Clean detergent solution it would take to sink 5 paper clips.

3.1.State one variable, other than those given, which would need to be controlled in this experiment in order to achieve a valid result.
3.2.Suggest one method that could be used to keep the water at a constant temperature.
3.3.Explain the importance of maintaining water at a constant temperature.
3.4.Identify one potential source of error in the methodology.
4.Suggest why different numbers of drops of detergent solution were needed to sink the paperclip between each type of detergent.

  Which of the following is not a real-life example of adhesio s/db(wzrl8m1 n?

The image shows a cross-section of the vascular t , 4 yhuyz-rwnq,nm;v2issue of a woody dicot stem, showing the annual rings 4ny,nhqvwuz ,ym2;-r of phloem and xylem.


Explain how the properties of water allow it to be transported in the xylem.
Describe a physical property of water, other than those that are important for the movement of water through the plant, that makes water essential for the survival of plants.
Outline why plants cannot use water to transport lipids.
If the temperature drops to -1$^{\circ}$ for a few hours suggest a reason why the water in xylem may not freeze.

  The black-throated loon (Gavia arctir +0 dey0p1*qfyz,s t/rhj pm+p0 bw1dca) is a bird that lives near large bodies of water in cold climates. Which of the following is a correct description of how the properties hw emt p +yspp+bd01/q1rf*rj0yzd,0of water may make winter temperatures more moderate for the black-throated loon?

  Which of the following statement(s) about the role nz78rgd u(dv5of water as a solvent is correc5r7z( gdn 8duvt?

I. Salt can dissolve in water because it is hydrophilic
II. Lipids cannot dissolve in water because they are non-polar
III. Cellulose can dissolve in water, as it is able to form hydrogen bonds

  The micrograph below shows the longitudinal cross-section of a st 92gf8p/qnaepem from a plant in the Pinus genus. Xylem vessels are naqpp9e2 fg8/ clearly visible.


The xylem is composed of hollow, tube-like tissues that transport water through capillary action. What property of water explains capillary action?

The diagram shows a solar system very similar tglqgl4)t n2zza9,mwak ; d+5s o ours, where five planets orbit a central9q mgz)w +a kl tn4s5,l2d;agz star.


1.Define the term “Goldilocks zone”.

2.1.Label with the letter R the planet that is least likely to have extraterrestrial life present.

2.2Explain reasons for your answer to part (i).

3.1.Some of the planets in this solar system have water present on them. Suggest where this water might have come from.

3.2.Explain why the planets referred to in part (i) have retained water, whereas others in this solar system have not.

4.Suggest one other biological molecule, other than water, that may be a sign of life on a planet.

  Which of the following statements explains how water has facilitated thpj(y7gs) c j pr5pje6*e evolution oppsj)7 e*jp(6j c ryg5f life on Earth?