What property of water helps living organisms maintakp/x)rk +/wx uj ufv:2in their internal body temperax f:jvu2/uwkr)k+ x/pture?

  Which of the following is not soluble in water?9a:z8 nf; s (tpx3jysr

  What substances are attracted to woo gdzsx3x 5d+v*1d +oater and form intermolecular bonds with water moxd1v o*5og +dodz 3+sxlecules?

  Which of the following is a reason4krz)m d fwrleun - g)s.digb*o8b022 for the retention of water on Earth?

  What is the most accepted theory for the origiu;j npu(. )pocn of water on Earth?

  What intermolecular bond is responsible for water e34nf 4b+1n x-jhigjr's cohesive, adhesive and thermal propef bhgji4n 4ne+-1xrj 3rties?

1.Outline how hydrog8 2hbau1n 1dxken bonds form between water molecules.

2.State one of the ways how hydrophilic substances interact with water.

3.State one of the ways how non-polar molecules interact with water.

4.Distinguish cohesion and adhesion.

  Which property of water enables maritk86e,gp k n32dg9) c*ovp1zivz+yy hne animals such as the ringed seal (Pusa hispida) to stay afloat in water 9zoy gcnz8+k, g*h ty e)vp6pvi1kd3 2without expending large amounts of energy?

  The cohesive and adhesive properties;ktu)u ru0ca q776n 65xjckz1fk5r thbj5ct: of water allow xylem vessels to transport water inside plak:uj5u kbutttc0 c ca6q)k rz7n551rhf7j6;xnts.

Which of the following are correct descriptions of how these properties are related to water transport in plants?

  Which of the following is a reason that the Earth is consideredbjsfd 6oqy 3kvvmjf 1o*/- nq)2 6hgu, to be in ‘The Goldilocks zone’, buto62g b1q- jyqov,unf/*k )jm vh sfd36 Saturn is not?

  Which of the followia/a azt9ix(xrg f/q 5/ng statements about the dipolarity of the water molecule are truegqx5rxf9 a /(i/zta/a?
I. Oxygen attracts the shared electrons stronger than hydrogen.
II.Hydrogen atoms are partially negative.
III.The shared electrons spend more time closer to oxygen.

  Which of the following is not a reasonh0jiq *j9x2 t;d3h ncn that scientists look for the presence of water on planets as a i jt2nchnx ; 0*jh3q9dsign of extraterrestrial life?

  Which term to describe a property of water is matched to its correct definitionp ;t.bq/ 5d,k/ ujovzby.o 057 lybguz? y u;p.z7zgoq0 kdb,tl. 5bbv uy5/j/o

  The image shows a water strider (G. lacusqi/jx ,koby9( tris) on the surface of a pond. What property of watexi/qby9o(k , jr is not depicted in the image?

Below is a picture of a water strider (Ger):n4;cyz1sl tc p)aw x.t hmi(ris sp.).


1.Explain why the water strider (Gerris sp.) does not sink.
2.Describe, using an example, the importance of water as a solvent in living organisms.

The image shows a ringed seal (vr )zh ,fdwc 5;c14wvoPusa hispida) that lives in the Arctic Sea.


1.Distinguish between the physical properties of air and water that allow the seal to mostly live in the sea.
2.Ringed seals glide into the water head first from ice shelves, rather like humans diving into a pool head first. Explain the advantage of entering the water in this way rather than ‘belly-flopping’ into the water.

  An investigation was carried out into the effects of household deter0efvxk9 ey 3h 95u;i8 a8rosoygents on aquatic habitats. Scientists tested the effect of different household detergents on the surface tension of water in order to better understand the impact they may haa3vikue;r f5ey0o9xoh89s8 y ve on organisms living on the surface.

A paper clip was folded slightly on one side and rested on the surface of the water, maintained at a constant temperature and contained within a water tank. Drops of detergent solution were slowly added to the water tank until the paperclip sank to the bottom. The volume of detergent solution taken to sink the paperclip was recorded.

Detergent solutions were made by adding 5 ml of detergent to 15 ml of water.


1.Describe the relationship between the volume of detergent solution added and the surface tension of water.

2.1.For the Easy Clean detergent, calculate the mean number of drops of detergent needed to sink the paper clip.
Mean =  ml
2.2.Estimate how many drops of Easy Clean detergent solution it would take to sink 5 paper clips.

3.1.State one variable, other than those given, which would need to be controlled in this experiment in order to achieve a valid result.
3.2.Suggest one method that could be used to keep the water at a constant temperature.
3.3.Explain the importance of maintaining water at a constant temperature.
3.4.Identify one potential source of error in the methodology.
4.Suggest why different numbers of drops of detergent solution were needed to sink the paperclip between each type of detergent.

  Which of the following is not a real-life example :xdew k3-ywmv3yy-pyp g7mkr1 wk6;9of adhesion?

The image shows a crmeaey*0ns lh,:y9gu6j2xlj) oss-section of the vascular tissue of a woody dicot stem, showing the annual rings of phloem and xy 9s2ju xlym0) e,nj* e6y:lghalem.


Explain how the properties of water allow it to be transported in the xylem.
Describe a physical property of water, other than those that are important for the movement of water through the plant, that makes water essential for the survival of plants.
Outline why plants cannot use water to transport lipids.
If the temperature drops to -1$^{\circ}$ for a few hours suggest a reason why the water in xylem may not freeze.

  The black-throated loon (Gavia arctica) is a bird thaqrs 219 jpn14fx+wv kkc(zunmwv 1er6z)5+w it lives near large bodies of water in cold climates. Which of th e4wz1m5nxkpwfk2zisw6 vr1(urjqn+ )19v+ c e following is a correct description of how the properties of water may make winter temperatures more moderate for the black-throated loon?

  Which of the following stateme2lbcpo9 lsm2.,d ycm/nt(s) about the role of water as a solvent is correctb2 dpl,osm/cl 2c9. ym?

I. Salt can dissolve in water because it is hydrophilic
II. Lipids cannot dissolve in water because they are non-polar
III. Cellulose can dissolve in water, as it is able to form hydrogen bonds

  The micrograph below shows the l bi ndegq j8ctb7e605*ongitudinal cross-section of a stem from a plant in the Pinus genus. Xylem vesselbjcdie egn56b7q08* t s are clearly visible.


The xylem is composed of hollow, tube-like tissues that transport water through capillary action. What property of water explains capillary action?

The diagram shows a solar system very similar to ours, where five p)ds5 az-+ zjy nurm5l/lanets orbit a central s-+ny/u)jrl5 sa zmz5 dtar.


1.Define the term “Goldilocks zone”.

2.1.Label with the letter R the planet that is least likely to have extraterrestrial life present.

2.2Explain reasons for your answer to part (i).

3.1.Some of the planets in this solar system have water present on them. Suggest where this water might have come from.

3.2.Explain why the planets referred to in part (i) have retained water, whereas others in this solar system have not.

4.Suggest one other biological molecule, other than water, that may be a sign of life on a planet.

  Which of the following statements explains how water has fup,lr .j 7vns;acilitated the evolution of life on r.;7up lvjns, Earth?