What provides evidence that all life on Earth evolved from the same popula/(p2 szjodv-vtion of cels/o2-(zpvvj d ls?

  Identify the correct row c h y ct*n46pua.:)xcein the table regarding the formation of vesicles.

  Whose experiments disproved spontaneoy 2b:ia,xs3j pl)+cv xus generation?

  Which type of isotopes are commonly used in odp h l,r4/2agabsolute dating of fossils?

  Which of the following statements are reasons that RNA is believed to be tp+vbug8o u9;u he first genetic matpg+9uuu8;b vo erial?
I. RNA can form spontaneously when nucleotides are present
II. RNA contains ribose as its sugar
III. Miller demonstrated that organic molecules could be produced from a mixture of gases under conditions that simulated early Earth

The diagram below shows the v 4f()4ej63oc uvtzksapparatus used in the experiments conducted by Miller and Urey.ze(ocvf6 vu k )4t4sj3


Describe how this experiment showed that the origin of life was possible on early Earth.

  In the early 19th century, vita-fpq(plt iw 8,kbm .)glism was a widely accepted theory. This theory suggested that organic comwi8,mg kp-p bf)l(qt.pounds, those found in living organisms, could only be produced through a "vital force" present in living matter.

What was the role of urea in falsifying the theory of vitalism?

  Which of the following is not evidd ;y0tfh m5(o/xvlw9+h g;gakence to support that the last universal common an5mga 0owh/;t9y fg v ;lkh+x(dcestor (LUCA) could have emerged at hydrothermal vents?

Researchers carried out a similar experiment to Lodsl2gj 8ausf a2b1p4- uis Pasteur’s famous experimen1j4 spg lufab22a ds-8t disproving spontaneous generation, using the set up below at 30°C.



1.Outline the theory of spontaneous generation.

2.1.State two variables that must be controlled in this experiment.

2.2.Explain why it is important to have controlled variables in this study.

3.1.State the letters of three flasks which would show signs of decomposition of broth.

3.2.Explain your answer to part (i).

4.Suggest, with reasons, how the results of the study would differ if the flasks were incubated at 4°C.

  Louis Pasteur's famous experiments disproving spontaneous generation were repl7htsfk73id a:yam 4 no/bk5(( k( rrfticated by placin: k/d3 bimk(tfhn7 ay 7r(rko(a 45tfsg broth into various flasks.

Which two flasks would show the presence of microorganisms in the results?

Below is a diagram of Euglena a photosynthetic protist. It isaozj or4 hu/rz*p6 .-z a living cell which can carry out all the functions of lir6rzuo4. z ozjh/ a-*pfe.

1.1.State which function of life the flagellum is adapted for.

1.2.State which function of life is enabled by the contractile vacuole.

2.Outline why viruses are not regarded as living organisms.

3.State two main principles of the cell theory

4.Explain how the properties of phospholipids mean they naturally form vesicles when in aqueous solution.

5.Explain how the formation of vesicles was important in the evolution of cells.