What provides evidence th.mo rw 15jn/cmg .9mj7u s7rrlat all life on Earth evolved from the same population ofj rn ju5grm 77om19m../slcr w cells?

  Identify the correct row in the table regarding the formation ofg,t 1hbx1b9lj 91og w:(otb aila4u8f vesicles.

  Whose experiments disproved spontaneous genedul qu1)lb2)6-cf6gpe,adu cration?

  Which type of isotopes are commslyybun k9ud8q7(: +o only used in absolute dating of fossils?

  Which of the following sta9a e) q4uj-.kcv3ef dctements are reasons that RNA is believed to be the firfek-u)vq3 j .ce4dca9st genetic material?
I. RNA can form spontaneously when nucleotides are present
II. RNA contains ribose as its sugar
III. Miller demonstrated that organic molecules could be produced from a mixture of gases under conditions that simulated early Earth

The diagram below shows the apparatus used in the experiments conducted byyv 1hfp 4o8x iadza714 Milleropai81azhf d 74v1x4y and Urey.


Describe how this experiment showed that the origin of life was possible on early Earth.

  In the early 19th century, vitalism was a widely accepted th wux pxr*c9/h3eory. This theory sug uh/3r *wx9xcpgested that organic compounds, those found in living organisms, could only be produced through a "vital force" present in living matter.

What was the role of urea in falsifying the theory of vitalism?

  Which of the following is not evidence to support that the la+jq 6ws xcnpti5s,m+,st universal common ancestor (LUCA) could have qisnj+,5c mptw x,6+s emerged at hydrothermal vents?

Researchers carried out a similar experj026/) lqz x.taya5 pmf 5anfeiment to Louis Pasteur’s famous experiment disproving spontaneous generation, using the set up below at 30°C. )/ 0 t 5.ze2xpa fnjaqfmy65la



1.Outline the theory of spontaneous generation.

2.1.State two variables that must be controlled in this experiment.

2.2.Explain why it is important to have controlled variables in this study.

3.1.State the letters of three flasks which would show signs of decomposition of broth.

3.2.Explain your answer to part (i).

4.Suggest, with reasons, how the results of the study would differ if the flasks were incubated at 4°C.

  Louis Pasteur's famous experiments disproving spontaneous m3.63f hpze9d nppjgrhx f ((*generation were replicatdz*6f(e pfxm.pp 3nghj 3h(9red by placing broth into various flasks.

Which two flasks would show the presence of microorganisms in the results?

Below is a diagram of Euglena a photosynthetic prox0nz /yp s(w-7xg/cf,u, oq bttist. It is a living cell which can carry out all the functions of lifcfptb/ux/,-7 y z(0 nqwogxs,e.

1.1.State which function of life the flagellum is adapted for.

1.2.State which function of life is enabled by the contractile vacuole.

2.Outline why viruses are not regarded as living organisms.

3.State two main principles of the cell theory

4.Explain how the properties of phospholipids mean they naturally form vesicles when in aqueous solution.

5.Explain how the formation of vesicles was important in the evolution of cells.