What provides evidence that all li)6y, y2 *rvl, xk.)tzs znaqepfe on Earth evolved from the same population of c, x,v2aqp yz*ky .))zlrsetn6ells?

  Identify the correct row in the tabhymj(+ vx9 wp:le regarding the formation of vesicles.

  Whose experiments disproved spontaneop3toi(x4 ml0e us generation?

  Which type of isotopes are commonly used in absolute datk 1u)(f8eodwnjh. e3p ing of fossils?

  Which of the following statements are reasons that RNA is believ5njxmo4 aqu) cs+l*;ked to be the first genetic material;lq kj*m+)5 ncaxous4 ?
I. RNA can form spontaneously when nucleotides are present
II. RNA contains ribose as its sugar
III. Miller demonstrated that organic molecules could be produced from a mixture of gases under conditions that simulated early Earth

The diagram below shows the apparatus used in thezihf l128gs i o(2tz1z experiments conducted by Miller andsh gio(18z1fi l2ztz 2 Urey.


Describe how this experiment showed that the origin of life was possible on early Earth.

  In the early 19th century, vitalism was a widely accepted theory. Thvbr8 kkc2a0r/is theory suggested that organic compounds, those found in living organisms, could only be produced tv 2c0 rak/bkr8hrough a "vital force" present in living matter.

What was the role of urea in falsifying the theory of vitalism?

  Which of the following is not evidence to support that the last universal com ; *gv6imdrbqqhq8f/ 2w pda(;mon ancestor (LUCA) could have emerged at 6dm( a g2qwb;qqh;f8*/dvir phydrothermal vents?

Researchers carried out a similar experiment to Louis Pasteureffqjc3w()( lz5njw a7 u36bb’s famous experiment disproving spontaneous generation, using the set aw5 (fj en cz73(q u)w6bf3jblup below at 30°C.



1.Outline the theory of spontaneous generation.

2.1.State two variables that must be controlled in this experiment.

2.2.Explain why it is important to have controlled variables in this study.

3.1.State the letters of three flasks which would show signs of decomposition of broth.

3.2.Explain your answer to part (i).

4.Suggest, with reasons, how the results of the study would differ if the flasks were incubated at 4°C.

  Louis Pasteur's famous experiments disproving spontaneous generatii s/v dlq )8zgote0 7:lx1d4uson were replicated by placing broth into variousd:z7/4v 0 lugsqes ol 8dt)i1x flasks.

Which two flasks would show the presence of microorganisms in the results?

Below is a diagram of Euglena aw/m y r836jgdj photosynthetic protist. It is a living cell which can carry out gd/6r8yjjm3wall the functions of life.

1.1.State which function of life the flagellum is adapted for.

1.2.State which function of life is enabled by the contractile vacuole.

2.Outline why viruses are not regarded as living organisms.

3.State two main principles of the cell theory

4.Explain how the properties of phospholipids mean they naturally form vesicles when in aqueous solution.

5.Explain how the formation of vesicles was important in the evolution of cells.