What provides evidence that all life on 071evhr**iexafp a2: wtt8na Earth evolved from the same population of cells?p fx ht2*:7 w8eva0i1ane*rat

  Identify the correct row in the table regarding the zkz/utp sv+oftr(:jso4 0,v/formation of vesicles.

  Whose experiments disproved spontaneous generatiotyclb3k.0vfdw4 g 6 o)(pjogn0*gm/z n?

  Which type of isotopes are commonly used in absol u l),(pao3xvjute dating of fossils?

  Which of the following statementx*b*)3azvvc55 iez r 6iibwb +s are reasons that RNA is believed to be the first genetic material? )iivb6zcvx*53 be* a+ibr5zw
I. RNA can form spontaneously when nucleotides are present
II. RNA contains ribose as its sugar
III. Miller demonstrated that organic molecules could be produced from a mixture of gases under conditions that simulated early Earth

The diagram below shows tl8kgk f g*z i//pe.6uahe apparatus used in the experiments conducted by Miller and Ur/fazu lkp/6*ggik.e 8ey.


Describe how this experiment showed that the origin of life was possible on early Earth.

  In the early 19th century, vitalism was a widely accepted theory. This the6gf js25boo 7cory suggested that organic compounds, thbj fo2s7ocg 56ose found in living organisms, could only be produced through a "vital force" present in living matter.

What was the role of urea in falsifying the theory of vitalism?

  Which of the following is not evidence to support that the last un0ninv;7.y l9v/kdshh8msb. c iversal common ancestor (LUCA) coul nhs9c7nd..h0mk/l8y vv i;bsd have emerged at hydrothermal vents?

Researchers carried out a similko 8q3sb,6; jv kui.rbar experiment to Louis Pasteur’s famous experiment disproving spontaneous generation, using the set up b.bsruvqji kkb o8;36,elow at 30°C.



1.Outline the theory of spontaneous generation.

2.1.State two variables that must be controlled in this experiment.

2.2.Explain why it is important to have controlled variables in this study.

3.1.State the letters of three flasks which would show signs of decomposition of broth.

3.2.Explain your answer to part (i).

4.Suggest, with reasons, how the results of the study would differ if the flasks were incubated at 4°C.

  Louis Pasteur's famous exp 4uullp8/ u+j-7kh icqeriments disproving spontaneous generation were replicated by pla+ll7 8qijuukcpu4/ h -cing broth into various flasks.

Which two flasks would show the presence of microorganisms in the results?

Below is a diagram of Euglena a photosynthetic protist. It is a living celm -xctt) p ;yojsy00t9l which can carry out a0o;yycj9t0 xp-)ts mtll the functions of life.

1.1.State which function of life the flagellum is adapted for.

1.2.State which function of life is enabled by the contractile vacuole.

2.Outline why viruses are not regarded as living organisms.

3.State two main principles of the cell theory

4.Explain how the properties of phospholipids mean they naturally form vesicles when in aqueous solution.

5.Explain how the formation of vesicles was important in the evolution of cells.