What provides evidence that all life c8 fo0mj)ypjlcb;4j 93. usoxon Earth evolved from the same population of cels8j 9lu;j ybxm po)fo cj4.03cls?

  Identify the correct row in the table r(*velx0-:gr3 2l5u 0o sbcmabpzga l5egarding the formation of vesicles.

  Whose experiments disproved spontaneous generk99hqv job44hz:zxu ;ation?

  Which type of isotopes are commonly used +-i- ap/ rzqvein absolute dating of fossils?

  Which of the following statements are reasons that RNA is believed to be the2* r0m c wyag(obcydv7l;5pj ) first genetic materd a r byo7wm);*lcyv2(jg 0cp5ial?
I. RNA can form spontaneously when nucleotides are present
II. RNA contains ribose as its sugar
III. Miller demonstrated that organic molecules could be produced from a mixture of gases under conditions that simulated early Earth

The diagram below shows the appaavg /jp5zd50oratus used in the experiments conducted by Miller and Urey05d/aj5z po gv.


Describe how this experiment showed that the origin of life was possible on early Earth.

  In the early 19th century, vitalism was a widely accepted theory. This theorym /12lz8 yrr9t/u pu(vmd+qfs suggested that organic compounds, those found in ls9um(d m1+ yvt8zr /fpl/2r uqiving organisms, could only be produced through a "vital force" present in living matter.

What was the role of urea in falsifying the theory of vitalism?

  Which of the followivmcwqqi e(9 0w(ta3b+ng is not evidence to support that the last universal common ancestor (LUCA) could have emerged at hydrotheq(t9 bv a3cq+0 wie(mwrmal vents?

Researchers carried out a similar expld3p71)c l vwaeriment to Louis Pasteur’s famous experiment disproving spontaneous generation, usicdll)p13va7 w ng the set up below at 30°C.



1.Outline the theory of spontaneous generation.

2.1.State two variables that must be controlled in this experiment.

2.2.Explain why it is important to have controlled variables in this study.

3.1.State the letters of three flasks which would show signs of decomposition of broth.

3.2.Explain your answer to part (i).

4.Suggest, with reasons, how the results of the study would differ if the flasks were incubated at 4°C.

  Louis Pasteur's famous experiments disproving spontaneous*uspv* -melpat05bs; generation were replicated by placing broth s0tbl*a; 5- smvp*e upinto various flasks.

Which two flasks would show the presence of microorganisms in the results?

Below is a diagram of Euglena a photos:4nkubddp 8ivu mri: 79g9hg 1ynthetic protist. It is a living cell which can:nk714dgr 9g 9biu:hdi8upmv carry out all the functions of life.

1.1.State which function of life the flagellum is adapted for.

1.2.State which function of life is enabled by the contractile vacuole.

2.Outline why viruses are not regarded as living organisms.

3.State two main principles of the cell theory

4.Explain how the properties of phospholipids mean they naturally form vesicles when in aqueous solution.

5.Explain how the formation of vesicles was important in the evolution of cells.