What provides evidence that all life on 3 w(pif)ez; v b(rpcf5/.h.asgot wk*Earth evolved from the same population oi;()k(p*tw5f3e/so pf.bha w zvg.r cf cells?

  Identify the correct row in the table regarding the formation of vesiclesxe 6.3j 6 abtal dzscfyy)7+6k.

  Whose experiments disproved spontaneous generationt poi:*y p m*tth :dhr+-+aln2?

  Which type of isotopes are commonly used in 7q *vr c. yf/,+fxssoy *(hdmnabsolute dating of fossils?

  Which of the following statements are reasons that jc m*zq/7lpq+RNA is believed to be the first genetic *l/7pmc zqj+q material?
I. RNA can form spontaneously when nucleotides are present
II. RNA contains ribose as its sugar
III. Miller demonstrated that organic molecules could be produced from a mixture of gases under conditions that simulated early Earth

The diagram below shows the apparatus used in the suex*o *0g0p2 lmx.s yexperiments conducted by Miller and Urey..og*xes *pl s 2xy00um


Describe how this experiment showed that the origin of life was possible on early Earth.

  In the early 19th century, 3)dt7innj ttp y3uut(y +iui)qp+/t:vitalism was a widely accepted theory. This theory suggested that organic compounds, those found in living organisms, could only be produced tu3/i typtuny di+n: tju37t p +iq()t)hrough a "vital force" present in living matter.

What was the role of urea in falsifying the theory of vitalism?

  Which of the following is not evidence to support tha ij 1cek0h6qo8e rjc( it8q6i.gc(6cc t the last universal common ancestor (LUCA) could have emerged at hydrotherma8 1 t6i6ijc6c(c(r80hjckq. c oqeeigl vents?

Researchers carried out a similar experiment to Louis Pasteur’s famous exper;c+j f; kmuhebcos o6i3m0s16h9,zi oiment disproving spontaneous generation, using the set up below atec+ 6 k m,mo sihicf6bsz;;0 3johu1o9 30°C.



1.Outline the theory of spontaneous generation.

2.1.State two variables that must be controlled in this experiment.

2.2.Explain why it is important to have controlled variables in this study.

3.1.State the letters of three flasks which would show signs of decomposition of broth.

3.2.Explain your answer to part (i).

4.Suggest, with reasons, how the results of the study would differ if the flasks were incubated at 4°C.

  Louis Pasteur's famous experimenlzm r1ra miau:qgk+w p0u):7d j(nk,zdtw 6*; ts disproving spontaneous generation were replicated by placing broth into vari, r) kmpdulg: * tj;wmu:0i1 zrn7kzda6a+(qw ous flasks.

Which two flasks would show the presence of microorganisms in the results?

Below is a diagram of Euglena a photosynthetic protist. It is a living cell whhliyzw,4 7qx*k6 p(c mich can carlp*h xi q6ywkm4,7c(z ry out all the functions of life.

1.1.State which function of life the flagellum is adapted for.

1.2.State which function of life is enabled by the contractile vacuole.

2.Outline why viruses are not regarded as living organisms.

3.State two main principles of the cell theory

4.Explain how the properties of phospholipids mean they naturally form vesicles when in aqueous solution.

5.Explain how the formation of vesicles was important in the evolution of cells.