What provides eviden(mhy9- yg5/ u(xrac i 5x+szxnce that all life on Earth evolved from the same population of cells(9 i gx-hr5camnu5yz x(sy +/x?

  Identify the correct row in the table regarding the q-xy)w lgxfq1o-x.:2p u 0opnformation of vesicles.

  Whose experiments dis4sha ,iw)lvimj 9j 61:dqlrs8proved spontaneous generation?

  Which type of isotopes are commonly used i*d51 lta 7f*:ld y7 8shjftpopn absolute dating of fossils?

  Which of the following statements are reasons that RNA is belfgh , hcvx )s7i;x4x)o2 z w,;1tbbdqkieved to be the first genetic material?)h ib12,w 7xdhzvqc sf);g4oxkb x,;t
I. RNA can form spontaneously when nucleotides are present
II. RNA contains ribose as its sugar
III. Miller demonstrated that organic molecules could be produced from a mixture of gases under conditions that simulated early Earth

The diagram below shows the apparatus used in the experiments conducted by M9nj bss v+w1iub)) .id)dsak*iller bd)9ssu.1va)*kd wis)+ nijband Urey.


Describe how this experiment showed that the origin of life was possible on early Earth.

  In the early 19th century, vitalism was a widely accepted theory7g6ot( fao kh(4dc n;q. This theory suggested that organic compounds, those found in living orgfothq( ;4(koan g 7dc6anisms, could only be produced through a "vital force" present in living matter.

What was the role of urea in falsifying the theory of vitalism?

  Which of the following is not evidencevq lcecyt-c 3n 3*fr7- to support that the last universal common ancestor (LUCA) could have emerged at hrv37qcc e-t clf3*y n-ydrothermal vents?

Researchers carried out a similar experiment o0c8e5-mq fk qto Louis Pasteur’s famous experiment o - qqckefm058disproving spontaneous generation, using the set up below at 30°C.



1.Outline the theory of spontaneous generation.

2.1.State two variables that must be controlled in this experiment.

2.2.Explain why it is important to have controlled variables in this study.

3.1.State the letters of three flasks which would show signs of decomposition of broth.

3.2.Explain your answer to part (i).

4.Suggest, with reasons, how the results of the study would differ if the flasks were incubated at 4°C.

  Louis Pasteur's famous experiments disproving d-ubm vjjqe:w2/u3b, spontaneous generation were replicated by placing broth into various f,2: ubej-b3ujv qm/d wlasks.

Which two flasks would show the presence of microorganisms in the results?

Below is a diagram of Euglena8w-w ot,xf ga5 a photosynthetic protist. It is a living cell which can carry out8 gw5toxa,-wf all the functions of life.

1.1.State which function of life the flagellum is adapted for.

1.2.State which function of life is enabled by the contractile vacuole.

2.Outline why viruses are not regarded as living organisms.

3.State two main principles of the cell theory

4.Explain how the properties of phospholipids mean they naturally form vesicles when in aqueous solution.

5.Explain how the formation of vesicles was important in the evolution of cells.