What provides evidence that all5 m1t ixq c.2ov3 bc(jagra/xww 3w*p2 life on Earth evolved from the same population of cet3*gm1iv(awwrxp xq.a 5ccwj223 o /blls?

  Identify the correct row intf6fylasw *:sp, 8lp.2roq,s the table regarding the formation of vesicles.

  Whose experiments disproved spontaneous geney6b,d 864 ijtbfxvy 8esmm z9jt3;b+aration?

  Which type of isotopes are commonly used in absolute dating ofw e;ft9cwv6(lqvlci/ nsejj5.jab+ j5 3l3;b fossils?

  Which of the following statv-: l0 vm -ojw)9, v+sdpeoylsements are reasons that RNA is believed to be the first vs0po+,v)ey-d lj:- ow 9 lmsvgenetic material?
I. RNA can form spontaneously when nucleotides are present
II. RNA contains ribose as its sugar
III. Miller demonstrated that organic molecules could be produced from a mixture of gases under conditions that simulated early Earth

The diagram below shows the apparatus used in the experiments conduk(f mkam/ p4+zvm/g s r.xcukv(:n s 5o456hhfcted by Miller an:/ch vks+ s.vf /ak5nm6g pm4ko5( 4hmfxr(uz d Urey.


Describe how this experiment showed that the origin of life was possible on early Earth.

  In the early 19th century, vitalism was a widely accepted theory.e-qgg5.sk rphs/:auipc ::2v This theory suggescie ugr: s2vp.q:psg:/ 5 hk-ated that organic compounds, those found in living organisms, could only be produced through a "vital force" present in living matter.

What was the role of urea in falsifying the theory of vitalism?

  Which of the following is not evidenr3/p rze 7t(vni g5td,ce to support that the last universal common ancestor (LUCA) could have emerged at hydro,p3 r7nz5/tdeg( irv tthermal vents?

Researchers carried out a similar ex.sy- sdt lgu66pqrzl5q z8*(k periment to Louis Pasteur’s famous experiment disproving spontaneous generation, using the set up below at 30°-*t8qsrzqdg 5s.k(66p ly luzC.



1.Outline the theory of spontaneous generation.

2.1.State two variables that must be controlled in this experiment.

2.2.Explain why it is important to have controlled variables in this study.

3.1.State the letters of three flasks which would show signs of decomposition of broth.

3.2.Explain your answer to part (i).

4.Suggest, with reasons, how the results of the study would differ if the flasks were incubated at 4°C.

  Louis Pasteur's famous experiments disproving spontaneous generation wer4w3rdc*c k3 wae replic w rc*dw43c3kaated by placing broth into various flasks.

Which two flasks would show the presence of microorganisms in the results?

Below is a diagram of Euglena a photosynthetic protist. It is a living cellgm*o-l1c6f)qy ld e1b(ceyw 3 which can carry out all the functions of life. (oq)y1c me*lc1 f3w-dyl6g eb

1.1.State which function of life the flagellum is adapted for.

1.2.State which function of life is enabled by the contractile vacuole.

2.Outline why viruses are not regarded as living organisms.

3.State two main principles of the cell theory

4.Explain how the properties of phospholipids mean they naturally form vesicles when in aqueous solution.

5.Explain how the formation of vesicles was important in the evolution of cells.