What provides evidence that all life on Earth e)96o;be,goqx tdady ;volved from the same population od;o ,;oy gqx9e6d ba)tf cells?

  Identify the correct row in the table regarding the formation ofa tw ,ig.(w.rk v6; hv13mlnbd vesicles.

  Whose experiments disproved spontag xm o0dkx/k:5 t0hi0oxi:oqz(m p(g ,neous generation?

  Which type of isotopes are commonly used in absolute datia*oq-v+vbl(w jh2 8mfng of fossils?

  Which of the following statements are reasons that RNA is believed to i4 mntp+0r i(jbe the firmrnp(it04 i+ jst genetic material?
I. RNA can form spontaneously when nucleotides are present
II. RNA contains ribose as its sugar
III. Miller demonstrated that organic molecules could be produced from a mixture of gases under conditions that simulated early Earth

The diagram below shows the apparatus used in the experiments conduc/mi(twf) i- muted by Miller andimf) mut/(wi- Urey.


Describe how this experiment showed that the origin of life was possible on early Earth.

  In the early 19th century, vitao-8j gvibu7o a( 3y4welism was a widely accepted theory. This theory suggested that organic compounds, those found in living organi4-3ieyo(bo v8j uaw7gsms, could only be produced through a "vital force" present in living matter.

What was the role of urea in falsifying the theory of vitalism?

  Which of the following isk56 uc4u+zkt p not evidence to support that the last universal common ancestouz+c64k5pu tk r (LUCA) could have emerged at hydrothermal vents?

Researchers carried out a similar experiment to Louis Pasteur’s famous e ai99ny n bvmnu0m;vc0gi,yo2w wa: 3l-rg;/rxperiment disproving spontaneous generar2anv-0 bm9g,mcuynw i;g93v ry;an:/lo i 0wtion, using the set up below at 30°C.



1.Outline the theory of spontaneous generation.

2.1.State two variables that must be controlled in this experiment.

2.2.Explain why it is important to have controlled variables in this study.

3.1.State the letters of three flasks which would show signs of decomposition of broth.

3.2.Explain your answer to part (i).

4.Suggest, with reasons, how the results of the study would differ if the flasks were incubated at 4°C.

  Louis Pasteur's famous experv2veot6i(ewwe ;4 6fxr.t j4zi t l-d.iments disproving spontaneous generation were replicated by placing broth into variou.vte;tw-fi 4z6r etv4jxod(i.w 62les flasks.

Which two flasks would show the presence of microorganisms in the results?

Below is a diagram of Euglena a photosynthetic protist. It is 4k/8utplg*.gvy3 rk np l :l +2nxtwv7a living cell which canx8vtlpg:vw nn2 gur 3+pl/4t* ky7k.l carry out all the functions of life.

1.1.State which function of life the flagellum is adapted for.

1.2.State which function of life is enabled by the contractile vacuole.

2.Outline why viruses are not regarded as living organisms.

3.State two main principles of the cell theory

4.Explain how the properties of phospholipids mean they naturally form vesicles when in aqueous solution.

5.Explain how the formation of vesicles was important in the evolution of cells.