What provides evidence that all life on Earth evolved from the same popur5)n3; 6rrxbbbhk2 ujlation o;br2kb 5x6 urrbhn3j)f cells?

  Identify the correct row in the table regarding the formation odyyhcmop s2d5uvp2;*n16 *vk f vesicles.

  Whose experiments disproved spontaneoqsyel hz)chd*w, / /p,us generation?

  Which type of isotopes are commonly used in absolute dati: dde 9*ipd;j)mnsx/ ang of fossils?

  Which of the following statements are reasons that RNA is believed to be th) bn(cdsexq b,;2 fz+ae first genetic +ce2 b; zq ,)nxsbdfa(material?
I. RNA can form spontaneously when nucleotides are present
II. RNA contains ribose as its sugar
III. Miller demonstrated that organic molecules could be produced from a mixture of gases under conditions that simulated early Earth

The diagram below shows the apparatus used in the ).ugamli *mb 57o3qqt experiments conducted by Miller5 u*m3mlb.gqqt )7ao i and Urey.


Describe how this experiment showed that the origin of life was possible on early Earth.

  In the early 19th century, vitalism was a widely accepted theory. This theory kk4.oj* g laxu +si gq(.-ogv2suggested that organic compounds, those found in living organisms, could only be produced through a "vital.i*gk4q s2(k-u vlgx +ogjao. force" present in living matter.

What was the role of urea in falsifying the theory of vitalism?

  Which of the following is not evol*w o7:m.krqidence to support that the last universal common ancestor (LUCA) could have emergem.7l or w*qko:d at hydrothermal vents?

Researchers carried out a s291+hf/u*tv jkbkbc:o7 y pqnimilar experiment to Louis Pasteur’s famous experiment disbuk hy2v*1nkb9 joqc7:/pf t+ proving spontaneous generation, using the set up below at 30°C.



1.Outline the theory of spontaneous generation.

2.1.State two variables that must be controlled in this experiment.

2.2.Explain why it is important to have controlled variables in this study.

3.1.State the letters of three flasks which would show signs of decomposition of broth.

3.2.Explain your answer to part (i).

4.Suggest, with reasons, how the results of the study would differ if the flasks were incubated at 4°C.

  Louis Pasteur's famous experiments disproving spontaneous generatiohfi- kt8 an :.s(a+jlb2hvum4rko3a0n were replicated by pai2j s lunhkho. ak(+:8 v r0amfb-34tlacing broth into various flasks.

Which two flasks would show the presence of microorganisms in the results?

Below is a diagram of Euglena a photosynthetic protist. q4owm +,b+*wy q k2uceIt is a living cell which can carqy, uom2eqk *++c wwb4ry out all the functions of life.

1.1.State which function of life the flagellum is adapted for.

1.2.State which function of life is enabled by the contractile vacuole.

2.Outline why viruses are not regarded as living organisms.

3.State two main principles of the cell theory

4.Explain how the properties of phospholipids mean they naturally form vesicles when in aqueous solution.

5.Explain how the formation of vesicles was important in the evolution of cells.