The diagram shows the haploid number of chromosomes in a gamete.j+gy(*/ xn0xhof2jx m What could be the polyploid number of chromosomes for this mxh*xg02o(xyj/ nj +forganism?

  The overall structure of twh;kl g9o9.xihe fin of a whale, in terms of bones and muscles, is similar to the overall structure of the limb of horses. What are these structures;o 9.il xwghk9 referred to as?

  Which of the following is the strongest evidence suppov *n8m49go08vfu tv+oqqsg9t2 cbzc 3rting the hypothesis that two populations are two different specitv98bcfqc qvo9n8+3vo g024t*mg uzs es?

The male firefly (P. pyralis) signal6vw mbv-qgi;g*,s.se oh5j9x s to potential female mates by flashing its lights in specific patterns. Femaj;bwg-v. vqsx5s o9i*egh 6,mles will only respond to light patterns produced by their own species.

1.Identify the form of reproductive isolation that fireflies exhibit. Justify your answer.

2.Suggest one possible advantage of this mating ritual.

3.All fireflies seen today have diverged from the same ancestral species. Explain how speciation is responsible for the large variety of firefly species.

  What can result in speciation among orgg:/ +bhhizfq2r4t a(ganisms living in the same location?

  Which describes the similarities and differences between isolatinonvnau ebhcs5 ..-c8 -g mechanisms in sympatric andc8h-vc- sn5n .o.uabe allopatric speciation?

  Which of the following are often barriers to hybridisation 34f 6hcesf qg.r:q g.ygc-w6f between species?
I. A given animal hybrid species has an even, as opposed to an odd number of chromosomes.
II. Two species of flowering plants produce gametes at different times of the year.
III. Behavioural barriers exist due to variations in bird song between species.

  Which is a key difference between homologous and analogous strueu cvh*5cf; s7)aid8vl3-jmb ctures?

  The table shows factors k8qebe. d.a6k 26h cvgthat can result in speciation. Which word is matched to .62qav keh b68c.gkedthe correct definition?

  Shown in diagrams A and B are two pairs of similar struct3p9iz2 nkopr1p5 b,er46 kky aures.

Which of the following statements correctly explain the structural similarities shown in diagrams A and B?
I. Structural similarities in diagram A are primarily due to random mutations, not common ancestry.
II. Structural similarities in diagram B are due to the fact that they both perform similar functions.
III. Diagram A depicts analogous structures, and diagram B depicts homologous structures.

  What sequence of events usually occur during the process*vlx pwphic6ls: 4b( . of speciation?

  Triticum monococcum is an einkorn whey9xc(73nl nfhufra yw,7mn 93;rya3xat and was the first domesticated crop. It has a diploid number of 14 chromosomes. Triticum turgidum is a durum wheat with a total of 28 chromosomes. It is a resycwh;7 y3l9m ,naxnf37yrxfa 3n (ru9ult of the hybridization of Triticum monococcum and another grass Aegilops speltoides which also has a diploid number of 14. What is the correct term for Triticum turgidum in comparison to Triticum monococcum?

  It is thought that the congo rivegz-g:pexrm, /ppy 3q4r divided a population of the common ancestor of bonobos (Pan paniscus) and chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes), resulting in geographic isolation. Which correctly pairs theoretical selection pressures :3pqrzpx/ ,eypm- g4g and consequent adaptations of the two populations?

  Which of the following pev9r x4 +/s2cpqye9l +qab:wqrovides evidence for evolution through selective breedine+a/xleqwv 9r 49qqsp2yc+: bg?
I. Phenotypic variation in the domesticated dog (Canis familiaris) has increased significantly as a result of humans selecting desirable traits.
II. Crop yield in domesticated crop plants is significantly greater than their wild relatives.
III. Homo sapiens in many parts of the world have alleles that provide resistance to diseases endemic to their region.

  The base sequence between two species was :mvcxf5 m3rf )found to be 78% the same, while the order of amino acids found in the same )m3mxv5rf :cf cell types between two species was 82% the same. What may be the reason for this?

  When a horse, which has 64 chromosomes, and a donkey, which has 622yy e.x wrv9c1 chromosomes reproduce, a mule offspring is produxy.vy e 192cwrced. Which are correct descriptions of mules?

I. Mules frequently produce offspring with other mules.
II. Cells in mules cannot undergo meiosis but can undergo mitosis.
III. Mule gametes have 63 chromosomes.

A study has been conducte)kdqgnl 1b)uw)e; * 3cdx)v chd on the effect of hormonal contraception pollution on the mating calls of the adult male African clawed frog (Xenopus laevis). The sbddc qc ;w* )lk)nh 13uveg))xpectrogram shows the frequency and volume of clicks (mating call) of control X.laevis and those exposed to oestrogen.


1.Distinguish between the clicks in the spectrogram between the control X. laevis and the X. laevis treated with oestrogen in 1 second.

The graph shows the average duration of the X. laevis mating calls when exposed to the hormone oestrogen.


2.Describe the effect of oestrogen on the duration of the mating call.

3.Explain why it is important to have the X.laevis control group.

4.Identify the independent variable in this study.

5.1.Predict the reproductive success of X.laevis exposed to 29.6 ng/L of oestrogen.
5.2.Outline the possible consequences of oestrogen exposure on X. laevis.

  What is adaptive radiation?73rwg )2s xvs2i)qsx i

  Which statement best illustrate8 mf fc9o1+seb3-vn ybs the process of evolution?

  Two species of smartweed (genus Persicaria) hybridis+bg:rmm:m8 cze and form a new species. If both of the parent species have two copies of each chromosome, how many copies of each chromosome is a daughter species most likely :g:mzr+m8c mbto have?

1.Compare and contrast natural selection a/v)i zoe41lhud1a 1t4l h ryj7nd selective breeding.

2.Using a named example, outline convergent evolution.

3.Using named examples, discuss the evidence which supports the theory of evolution.

1.Outline how polyploidy results in vt0/y5fecf.uc6 +bf oreproductive isolation.

2.Discuss the evidence for the theories of gradualism and punctuated equilibrium.

3.Explain the reasons for changes in allele frequency in different populations.

  Which is most likely a correct description of ( 7h m h )r0cucj;v2jeakfy*6ha given speciation event?

  The diagram below shows the feeding areas of four species of warbler (genusy ob7 ((xeqwypd42f01e o wc7a Setophaga). What if e1w0dp(xcq4y7 owe2yaob(7s the best explanation for how these warblers came to coexist in such close proximity?

1.Adaptive radiation results in a single ancestral species evolving into muy8am -8ihutam 8k8cfw3n . qz3ltiple, closely related nem u t h.wqa3im-y 883ka8n8fzcw species which may live in close proximity to each other. Outline 3 mechanisms by which closely related species living in close proximity may be reproductively isolated.

2.Outline the process by which two species may be formed from an ancestral population through the process of allopatric speciation.

3.Describe how sexual and asexual reproduction can lead to the formation of new species with different numbers of copies of each chromosome.