The diagram shows the haploid number of chromosomes in at(ufct03-n p.r7yqzec2 gm q 4 gamete. What could be the polyploid number of chromosomes for this organism? qc.fpgu0 c 7(mty42rn-z3eqt

  The overall structure of the fin of a whale, in terms of bones and musclf owwxs h)c/l,b1 u g)3xzik2:2is1ls es, is similar to thzss b l )fxh22o:11c) /xswg,ilk uiw3e overall structure of the limb of horses. What are these structures referred to as?

  Which of the following is the strongest evidence supporting the hypothesislq fnzak ;86z3nuf1zdarr glga5f83j05 vz-2 that twozra8 f6au15g5zln 32kvf 0zja l3qgf ; nzd-r8 populations are two different species?

The male firefly (P. pyralis) signals to potential female mates by flash 8havw mf+gy:m3j7x)oing its lights in specific patterns. Females will only respond to light patterns produceywa7 hm+x:)fg o8 3vjmd by their own species.

1.Identify the form of reproductive isolation that fireflies exhibit. Justify your answer.

2.Suggest one possible advantage of this mating ritual.

3.All fireflies seen today have diverged from the same ancestral species. Explain how speciation is responsible for the large variety of firefly species.

  What can result in speciation among organisms livi qj 8ht+(l 7t 6y fd4s /a4*)w)rzd+enygvhbvbng in the same location?

  Which describes the similarities rob ,n,d.x le5and differences between isolating mechanisms in sympatric and allo, 5r.,xeo dlbnpatric speciation?

  Which of the following are often barriers to hybridisation between specn j7yz)x s86kv3ie(y5gx:l ofies?
I. A given animal hybrid species has an even, as opposed to an odd number of chromosomes.
II. Two species of flowering plants produce gametes at different times of the year.
III. Behavioural barriers exist due to variations in bird song between species.

  Which is a key difference between9x nun: eaamf*6ou2* c homologous and analogous structures?

  The table shows factors that can result* e o5rkwoze,op9(g3i in speciation. Which word is matched to the corrw(er9oo ezgk,o *pi3 5ect definition?

  Shown in diagrams A and B are two pairs of similar struc7x e)kc4xzj2)*yej6h d )op m,zcuzc (tures.

Which of the following statements correctly explain the structural similarities shown in diagrams A and B?
I. Structural similarities in diagram A are primarily due to random mutations, not common ancestry.
II. Structural similarities in diagram B are due to the fact that they both perform similar functions.
III. Diagram A depicts analogous structures, and diagram B depicts homologous structures.

  What sequence of events usually ocvj 0)*it7yz vsq bwyww.; r69pcur during the process of speciation?

  Triticum monococcum is an einkorn wheat and was the first domesticated crop. It3 iu71 zam-oitw1x) pt has a diploid number of 14 chromosomes. Triticum turgidum is a durum wheat with a total of 28 chromosomes. It is a result of the hybridizat7wit3u-x)oi 1t m1 pazion of Triticum monococcum and another grass Aegilops speltoides which also has a diploid number of 14. What is the correct term for Triticum turgidum in comparison to Triticum monococcum?

  It is thought that the congo river divided a population:pu(z4e /xi6wc n8s0bpz)s2sqt ;rcm of the common ancestor of bonobos (Pan paniscus) and chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes), resulting in geographic isolation. Which correctly pairs th)sz0c ne(:6i;bpzp2t c/rqxsm8 s w4 ueoretical selection pressures and consequent adaptations of the two populations?

  Which of the following provides evidence for evolution through selectiplz5bk ;;t:ke ve breedinlpz5e;kk :bt ;g?
I. Phenotypic variation in the domesticated dog (Canis familiaris) has increased significantly as a result of humans selecting desirable traits.
II. Crop yield in domesticated crop plants is significantly greater than their wild relatives.
III. Homo sapiens in many parts of the world have alleles that provide resistance to diseases endemic to their region.

  The base sequence between two species was found to be 78% the same1 o97c bxwoudan69ha ;, while the order of amino acids found in the same cell ty6a o ;9wh7x1bcad9onupes between two species was 82% the same. What may be the reason for this?

  When a horse, which has 64 chromosomes, and a donkey, which has 62 chromoso4q/wzxwr (f8cti+l +xmes reproduce, a mule offspring is produced. Which are cor f( ixqct++ wlr8/wxz4rect descriptions of mules?

I. Mules frequently produce offspring with other mules.
II. Cells in mules cannot undergo meiosis but can undergo mitosis.
III. Mule gametes have 63 chromosomes.

A study has been conducted on the effect of hormonalq2ys g.5*pf5xth8v t.o(j3cvsvj3,mum dng . contraception pollution on the mating calls of the adult male African clawed f ydsx35q . j(*mmpv.5,t gjg sf.vohnu8vt3c2rog (Xenopus laevis). The spectrogram shows the frequency and volume of clicks (mating call) of control X.laevis and those exposed to oestrogen.


1.Distinguish between the clicks in the spectrogram between the control X. laevis and the X. laevis treated with oestrogen in 1 second.

The graph shows the average duration of the X. laevis mating calls when exposed to the hormone oestrogen.


2.Describe the effect of oestrogen on the duration of the mating call.

3.Explain why it is important to have the X.laevis control group.

4.Identify the independent variable in this study.

5.1.Predict the reproductive success of X.laevis exposed to 29.6 ng/L of oestrogen.
5.2.Outline the possible consequences of oestrogen exposure on X. laevis.

  What is adaptive radiatiox/x7rh :ap 5atn?

  Which statement best illustrates the proce8w, t ivb:/ulg pk8un4ss of evolution?

  Two species of smartweed (genusiyq5anb:s 1fln7x0 p3)au1k j Persicaria) hybridise and form a new species. If both of the parent species have two copies of e 51njb :ixqayfp130k7n sl a)uach chromosome, how many copies of each chromosome is a daughter species most likely to have?

1.Compare and contrast xgzg9ve, bd4ep24ub t,m;pn2natural selection and selective breeding.

2.Using a named example, outline convergent evolution.

3.Using named examples, discuss the evidence which supports the theory of evolution.

1.Outline how polyploik; s9k:*rp.up wd9e0 tw s0evqdy results in reproductive isolation.

2.Discuss the evidence for the theories of gradualism and punctuated equilibrium.

3.Explain the reasons for changes in allele frequency in different populations.

  Which is most likely a correct description of a given speciation even 73go cx br6for-so71nt?

  The diagram below shows the feeding a85r- hxl9 poroxq sl5:reas of four species of warbler (genus Setophaga). What is the 8l p-hrxolo 9r5:sxq5best explanation for how these warblers came to coexist in such close proximity?

1.Adaptive radiation results in a single ancestral species evoc .pbfyu e0(p5wm,/k3rfou1zlving into multiple, closely related new species which may live in close proximity to each ot.uz 3 cbf/(ypo0kwem, pu5 rf1her. Outline 3 mechanisms by which closely related species living in close proximity may be reproductively isolated.

2.Outline the process by which two species may be formed from an ancestral population through the process of allopatric speciation.

3.Describe how sexual and asexual reproduction can lead to the formation of new species with different numbers of copies of each chromosome.