The diagram shows the haploid number of chromosomes in a gamete. What could x*np6 e 6j-o/fwsa-y);kxu/ ynet9ba be the polyploid number of chromosomes for this organis nb x )f6tekxe; jyowa*a--/y6/upn 9sm?

  The overall structure of the fin of a whale, in terms of bones and muscles, is i0za/s0sm,dy similar to the overall structure of the limb of horses. What are these stru,iz/00ymd ass ctures referred to as?

  Which of the following is the strongest evidence suppah px/c3hf iy qb60u54orting the hypothesis that two popuf5 bxc 4i3hauqhy0/p6lations are two different species?

The male firefly (P. pyralis) signalsly(dq8/-wno;s3lkv3z m/5d yrka 4 nm to potential female mates by flashing its lights in specific patterns. Females will only respond to light patterns produkl/mkd 3mdz5q3yr4l( 8-oyaw ; vns/ nced by their own species.

1.Identify the form of reproductive isolation that fireflies exhibit. Justify your answer.

2.Suggest one possible advantage of this mating ritual.

3.All fireflies seen today have diverged from the same ancestral species. Explain how speciation is responsible for the large variety of firefly species.

  What can result in speciation among organisms living in the same locatioj ry/+wojo9tt9 1bmw, n bu:w2n?

  Which describes the similarities and differences between isolating mehphk g q9(pyo(uc*u1u2 -sll)chanisms in sympatric and allopacglo quk1 u ()ys9p2l*(-ph hutric speciation?

  Which of the following are often barri tx02jw zy 9zatjjb0g 02(at (iqna8i9ers to hybridisation between species?
I. A given animal hybrid species has an even, as opposed to an odd number of chromosomes.
II. Two species of flowering plants produce gametes at different times of the year.
III. Behavioural barriers exist due to variations in bird song between species.

  Which is a key difference between homologous and analogous st3zjh.)ro lwa1/a gne4 ructures?

  The table shows factors that can re m2*yhpway nai -a8v2 zaz144gsult in speciation. Which word is matched to the correct definiy4zag 428nz*1y iwpamaa-2vhtion?

  Shown in diagrams A and B are two /o bu vb p3c)sjot35vhj k.m u:xrh14)vy(j w+pairs of similar structures.

Which of the following statements correctly explain the structural similarities shown in diagrams A and B?
I. Structural similarities in diagram A are primarily due to random mutations, not common ancestry.
II. Structural similarities in diagram B are due to the fact that they both perform similar functions.
III. Diagram A depicts analogous structures, and diagram B depicts homologous structures.

  What sequence of events usually occur during t9gr3c r w00l(cr8jhi9x 4jlodhe process of speciation?

  Triticum monococcum is an einkorn wheat and wfk*iu:ghc(eesw m89 /as the first domesticated crop. It has a diploid number of 14 chromosomes. Triticum turgidum is a durum wheat with a total of 28 chromosomes. It is a result of the hybridization of Triticum monococcum and another grass Aegilops speltoides which also has a diploid number of 14. What is the correct term for Triticum turgidum in :hmws*iec /k9u( fe 8gcomparison to Triticum monococcum?

  It is thought that the congo river divided a population of the common ancestork-qq) uwcvf.k80.b dxtmu gsr b 96,0q of bonobos (Pan paniscus) and chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes), resulting in geographic isolation. Which correctly pairs theoretical selection pressures and consequent adaptations ofkdq.s- kf bc uq ,ux6)r90mt0.v8wgqb the two populations?

  Which of the following provides evidence for evolution through selectivcx, ug-5jvzlp7p.v0mq9-m rav2n 7g ve breeding,vm pm -l ua vpz0gxc.vr5g7 jnv7-9q2?
I. Phenotypic variation in the domesticated dog (Canis familiaris) has increased significantly as a result of humans selecting desirable traits.
II. Crop yield in domesticated crop plants is significantly greater than their wild relatives.
III. Homo sapiens in many parts of the world have alleles that provide resistance to diseases endemic to their region.

  The base sequence between two species was f2sl0n;xvl l orx5l, ;m 6dpj(kound to be 78% the same, while the order of amino acids found in the same cell types between two species was 82% the same. What may be the reasons, 0ll jkdxro6 l;l5;vmn(2px for this?

  When a horse, which has 64 chromosomes,n7;c/k abu (ge xoga-2 and a donkey, which has 62 chromosomes reproduce, a mul(eako2;- gcn7/abx gue offspring is produced. Which are correct descriptions of mules?

I. Mules frequently produce offspring with other mules.
II. Cells in mules cannot undergo meiosis but can undergo mitosis.
III. Mule gametes have 63 chromosomes.

A study has been conducted o mstri mqd3 17 ihss9k*72df1an the effect of hormonal contraception pollution on mi d9 ssrk*h s1tdi3mfqa727 1the mating calls of the adult male African clawed frog (Xenopus laevis). The spectrogram shows the frequency and volume of clicks (mating call) of control X.laevis and those exposed to oestrogen.


1.Distinguish between the clicks in the spectrogram between the control X. laevis and the X. laevis treated with oestrogen in 1 second.

The graph shows the average duration of the X. laevis mating calls when exposed to the hormone oestrogen.


2.Describe the effect of oestrogen on the duration of the mating call.

3.Explain why it is important to have the X.laevis control group.

4.Identify the independent variable in this study.

5.1.Predict the reproductive success of X.laevis exposed to 29.6 ng/L of oestrogen.
5.2.Outline the possible consequences of oestrogen exposure on X. laevis.

  What is adaptive radiationvk0 +7pluwjs93rnk f7?

  Which statement best illustrates hvp-6k 7nh3ts the process of evolution?

  Two species of smartweed (genuz6 fo ulhmf;5dc cra03r+8circ1;e)k3us, xhs Persicaria) hybridise and form a new species. If both of the parent specil3hca1xum+srr5dfr083zih ckue 6;of, cc) ; es have two copies of each chromosome, how many copies of each chromosome is a daughter species most likely to have?

1.Compare and contrast natural selection and selective breeding. qs( 7wy/w6k(iyiz- kj 8vr;ep

2.Using a named example, outline convergent evolution.

3.Using named examples, discuss the evidence which supports the theory of evolution.

1.Outline how polyploidy results in reproductive isolatie9fi gltam+:* 5csa0won.

2.Discuss the evidence for the theories of gradualism and punctuated equilibrium.

3.Explain the reasons for changes in allele frequency in different populations.

  Which is most likely a correctj)t61 yud2h b nc9hse7 description of a given speciation event?

  The diagram below shows the fee6lvt us4gcp*a0u m0- y ds2vfd394iuyding areas of four species of warbler (genus Setophaga). What is the best explanation f mpsya luc0usdtd4 49v2u*y0 v 36-gifor how these warblers came to coexist in such close proximity?

1.Adaptive radiation results in a single ancestrxcmjvlgz b-dbrah s:9*):a+q5: pk/ ial species evolving into multiple, closely related new species which may live in close proximity to each other. Outline 3 mechanisms by which closely related species living in/h+9j: zkpbq::a dm)g5cxirbsv *a- l close proximity may be reproductively isolated.

2.Outline the process by which two species may be formed from an ancestral population through the process of allopatric speciation.

3.Describe how sexual and asexual reproduction can lead to the formation of new species with different numbers of copies of each chromosome.