The diagram shows the haploid number of chromosomes in a l gat;e9 + hkak-f1n+lgamete. What could be the polyploid number of chromosomes for this or+hg +l9 n-ak1k a;ftleganism?

  The overall structure of the fin of a whale, in terms of bones and mus t kv:l(t( ud6sz2gjh:cles, is similar to the overall structure of t: kzs:l vhdu6jtg2(( the limb of horses. What are these structures referred to as?

  Which of the following is the strongest evidence supporting the hypothesis t,06rbg o rgqi3rcr .j;hat two populations are two difcbr giroj.rq63,g0 ;rferent species?

The male firefly (P. pyralis) signals to potential fem, (no8;ffkx gisk4 3rnale mates by flashing its lights in specific patterns. Fema(r3fksi nn kf4;,o g8xles will only respond to light patterns produced by their own species.

1.Identify the form of reproductive isolation that fireflies exhibit. Justify your answer.

2.Suggest one possible advantage of this mating ritual.

3.All fireflies seen today have diverged from the same ancestral species. Explain how speciation is responsible for the large variety of firefly species.

  What can result in speciation among organisms li(wt tqtqa 80qi71+neo/.v q5l*2 us -enlvuvxving in the same location?

  Which describes the similarities and differences between isolating m0 xk.ub(hds0t570 hxh b(vqrwechanisms in sympatric and allopatk7 hx tws0h.u0x0dr(5q( vbbh ric speciation?

  Which of the following are often barriers xvxgtmfh 6+n. )0;aft3: wblshmlz3 ; to hybridisation between species?
I. A given animal hybrid species has an even, as opposed to an odd number of chromosomes.
II. Two species of flowering plants produce gametes at different times of the year.
III. Behavioural barriers exist due to variations in bird song between species.

  Which is a key difference betw9mpl1 u7cos ms59a riy3u9d1 deen homologous and analogous structures?

  The table shows factors th+g*xl5y onkl y;u *+enat can result in speciation. Which word is matched to the correct definitnlokx; 5*+ne u+g*y lyion?

  Shown in diagrams A and B wb 0*(on2g(v)1 m-wqym fhitvare two pairs of similar structures.

Which of the following statements correctly explain the structural similarities shown in diagrams A and B?
I. Structural similarities in diagram A are primarily due to random mutations, not common ancestry.
II. Structural similarities in diagram B are due to the fact that they both perform similar functions.
III. Diagram A depicts analogous structures, and diagram B depicts homologous structures.

  What sequence of events usually occur during the procesm /gfk(ekd *d j(pu9 r0inh.6cs of speciation?

  Triticum monococcum is an einkorn wv *3ageic npp-)f19l a3rg;xwheat and was the first domesticated crop. It has a diploid number of 14 chromosomes. Tn9l3e*)xg wcap-rg;ipv 1 a3 friticum turgidum is a durum wheat with a total of 28 chromosomes. It is a result of the hybridization of Triticum monococcum and another grass Aegilops speltoides which also has a diploid number of 14. What is the correct term for Triticum turgidum in comparison to Triticum monococcum?

  It is thought that the congo river dividede yz/ q zrjc(wl0-8b: s4lo/hs a population of the common ancestor of bonobos (Pan paniscusczhzb/ l04/o sl-erws q:y8( j) and chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes), resulting in geographic isolation. Which correctly pairs theoretical selection pressures and consequent adaptations of the two populations?

  Which of the following provides evidence for evolution through selective breedin 8em/m4zg,z ikyqby.*g? imz y,gez 48/y*m .bqk
I. Phenotypic variation in the domesticated dog (Canis familiaris) has increased significantly as a result of humans selecting desirable traits.
II. Crop yield in domesticated crop plants is significantly greater than their wild relatives.
III. Homo sapiens in many parts of the world have alleles that provide resistance to diseases endemic to their region.

  The base sequence between two species was found to be 78% the same, whib)rpbb4 s:m1d le the order o :brpm)sb 4db1f amino acids found in the same cell types between two species was 82% the same. What may be the reason for this?

  When a horse, which has 64 chromosomes, and a donkeyc(9n jj.qi l.l, which has 62 chromosomes reproduce, a mule offspring is produced. j.jl9 l.ic(qn Which are correct descriptions of mules?

I. Mules frequently produce offspring with other mules.
II. Cells in mules cannot undergo meiosis but can undergo mitosis.
III. Mule gametes have 63 chromosomes.

A study has been conducted on the effect of hormonal contracera6p964 jf pyz7xd gux6cib-k w e01*eption pollution on the mating calls of the adult male African clawed frog (Xenopus laevis). The spectrogram shows the frequency and volume of clicks (mating call) off 1ez9cr6yj-u 7dg 0 exi64kxpp* awb6 control X.laevis and those exposed to oestrogen.


1.Distinguish between the clicks in the spectrogram between the control X. laevis and the X. laevis treated with oestrogen in 1 second.

The graph shows the average duration of the X. laevis mating calls when exposed to the hormone oestrogen.


2.Describe the effect of oestrogen on the duration of the mating call.

3.Explain why it is important to have the X.laevis control group.

4.Identify the independent variable in this study.

5.1.Predict the reproductive success of X.laevis exposed to 29.6 ng/L of oestrogen.
5.2.Outline the possible consequences of oestrogen exposure on X. laevis.

  What is adaptive radiatiqj 83u6koolz yfn5)b4on?

  Which statement best illust0 2k7q ,rlsmctrates the process of evolution?

  Two species of smartweed (genus Persicaria) hybpxkoqdh9j ). 7ridise and form a new species. If both of the parent species have two copies of each chromosome, how many copdhk9j7qp ox.) ies of each chromosome is a daughter species most likely to have?

1.Compare and contrast natupex-)76 g7pt hpuq)ydfss) h h e:i*:mral selection and selective breeding.

2.Using a named example, outline convergent evolution.

3.Using named examples, discuss the evidence which supports the theory of evolution.

1.Outline how polyploidy results in reproductive isolation.ut o: 4 mj;z hl06(bwu9tvkz n0hpq0r3

2.Discuss the evidence for the theories of gradualism and punctuated equilibrium.

3.Explain the reasons for changes in allele frequency in different populations.

  Which is most likely a correct description of a given speciation event? w3j(;vmgs g70qqc4c g

  The diagram below shows the feeding areas of four species of warbler (genus Seto6r733al:wj lx.evxho phaga). What is tx: vl3lj63e aoxr7 wh.he best explanation for how these warblers came to coexist in such close proximity?

1.Adaptive radiation results in a single ancestral species evolving into multipl4,lcx7yrc4,x/ s tbnre, closely related new species which may live in close proxit 4y/c4snxl rx,brc ,7mity to each other. Outline 3 mechanisms by which closely related species living in close proximity may be reproductively isolated.

2.Outline the process by which two species may be formed from an ancestral population through the process of allopatric speciation.

3.Describe how sexual and asexual reproduction can lead to the formation of new species with different numbers of copies of each chromosome.