The diagram shows the haploid number 93a 70wk:xgak e02bsfnmjl6 aof chromosomes in a gamete. What could be the pow3k2k a:gsj679ax nfl0a 0mb elyploid number of chromosomes for this organism?

  The overall structure kcxc;p (ht- sx6pi .:jof the fin of a whale, in terms of bones and muscles, is similar to the overall structure of the limb of horsek . xcs;-xtc :(h6ppijs. What are these structures referred to as?

  Which of the following is the strongest evidence supporting the hypothesis thatt x n-(t,pab)h two popunhb(x ,-p)attlations are two different species?

The male firefly (P. pyralis) signals to potential female ma soyaeb604 :y c+6c nhh-e wd1vrmez;3tes by flashing its lights in 6h;wzv+e06 hen 4am-:c ob3dc yr1yesspecific patterns. Females will only respond to light patterns produced by their own species.

1.Identify the form of reproductive isolation that fireflies exhibit. Justify your answer.

2.Suggest one possible advantage of this mating ritual.

3.All fireflies seen today have diverged from the same ancestral species. Explain how speciation is responsible for the large variety of firefly species.

  What can result in speciation among organisms living in th5 huw-hqgu d+jp+/91voj1; ujijg *wd e same location?

  Which describes the similarities and differenclas(u,.s08 m u+o gggpes between isolating mechanisms in sympatric and allopatric 8ul( m,gsa+0 u. opsggspeciation?

  Which of the following are ofmjmp)u/6t pt9 q)du n9ten barriers to hybridisation between species?
I. A given animal hybrid species has an even, as opposed to an odd number of chromosomes.
II. Two species of flowering plants produce gametes at different times of the year.
III. Behavioural barriers exist due to variations in bird song between species.

  Which is a key difference between homolayoqq0 up r2 x935w9mu;e b7rlogous and analogous structures?

  The table shows factors that can result in speciation. Which word isivu8ei-*wn4 f ze0p/y matched to theu/eei*08zi4wp-vn f y correct definition?

  Shown in diagrams A and B are two pairs of similar 3oj1scg fqa+nvjz;jx69-e 7c structures.

Which of the following statements correctly explain the structural similarities shown in diagrams A and B?
I. Structural similarities in diagram A are primarily due to random mutations, not common ancestry.
II. Structural similarities in diagram B are due to the fact that they both perform similar functions.
III. Diagram A depicts analogous structures, and diagram B depicts homologous structures.

  What sequence of events usually occur during the process of speciati;8 gad0yk7z k4bj; czion?

  Triticum monococcum is an einkorn wheat and was the fi4uiotoq f;* a5rst domesticated crop. It has a diploid number of 14 chromosomes. Triticum turgidum is a durum wheat with a total of 28 chromosomes. It is a result of the hybridization of Triticum monococc;*4ui qot oaf5um and another grass Aegilops speltoides which also has a diploid number of 14. What is the correct term for Triticum turgidum in comparison to Triticum monococcum?

  It is thought that the :. wfsx . r4j86rfbzincongo river divided a population of the common ancestor of bonobos (Pan paniscus) and chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes), resulting4 wrnf..f8jsb6xz:i r in geographic isolation. Which correctly pairs theoretical selection pressures and consequent adaptations of the two populations?

  Which of the following provides evidence for evolution through select 2uvgfu: gio-f(6 :xndive breeding? :dufnov2-gi:xg u f6 (
I. Phenotypic variation in the domesticated dog (Canis familiaris) has increased significantly as a result of humans selecting desirable traits.
II. Crop yield in domesticated crop plants is significantly greater than their wild relatives.
III. Homo sapiens in many parts of the world have alleles that provide resistance to diseases endemic to their region.

  The base sequence between two pqb75 1 vqg/ 1e+uw mds+elg*hspecies was found to be 78% the same, while the order of amino acids found in the same cell types between two species was 82% the same. What may be the reason for thisu1/v*hl+me+dqw e s7b1g5qgp ?

  When a horse, which has 64 chrey muno7s4h:b j1i87womosomes, and a donkey, which has 62 chromosomes reproduce, a mule offspring is produced. Which are correct descriptions of mules? iwo: es buy8j1nm 477h

I. Mules frequently produce offspring with other mules.
II. Cells in mules cannot undergo meiosis but can undergo mitosis.
III. Mule gametes have 63 chromosomes.

A study has been conducted on the effect of hormonal contrd2k0fws9/gzoh1 l (:i-y m ayzaception pollution on the mating calls of the adult male African clawed frog (Xenopus laevis). The spectrogram shows the frequency lydf(-w/zz9: ism yha1 k2og0and volume of clicks (mating call) of control X.laevis and those exposed to oestrogen.


1.Distinguish between the clicks in the spectrogram between the control X. laevis and the X. laevis treated with oestrogen in 1 second.

The graph shows the average duration of the X. laevis mating calls when exposed to the hormone oestrogen.


2.Describe the effect of oestrogen on the duration of the mating call.

3.Explain why it is important to have the X.laevis control group.

4.Identify the independent variable in this study.

5.1.Predict the reproductive success of X.laevis exposed to 29.6 ng/L of oestrogen.
5.2.Outline the possible consequences of oestrogen exposure on X. laevis.

  What is adaptive radiation?cs pmwytn4m /;:ck u+1m (cb9k

  Which statement best illustrates the procenrij: hi::)p;u tpx3 sss of evolution?

  Two species of smartweed (genus Pe6pikdd,2s 0 6pjbx7d lrsicaria) hybridise and form a new species. If both of the parent species have two copies of each chromosome, how many b ,ddxd62ipj slk670pcopies of each chromosome is a daughter species most likely to have?

1.Compare and contrast natural selection2 sd4 f l2)wqeeijj x-v(p.-kn and selective breeding.

2.Using a named example, outline convergent evolution.

3.Using named examples, discuss the evidence which supports the theory of evolution.

1.Outline how polyploidy results in reproductive isolations ,oemufy2/f7e3ueoc m: qa56.

2.Discuss the evidence for the theories of gradualism and punctuated equilibrium.

3.Explain the reasons for changes in allele frequency in different populations.

  Which is most likely a correct description of a given speciation event? pzv.l ie-qc/ 1 m4 tnpuz,/)ul

  The diagram below shows the feeding areas of fourqa+dnl ( ocrm :2ju5g/ species of warbler (genus Setophaga). What is the best explanation for how these warblers (l2urjnogdam 5 c+/: qcame to coexist in such close proximity?

1.Adaptive radiation results in a single ancestral spe8hh:a2p 6m81 vpsefbh cies evolving into multiple, closely related new species which may live in close proximity to each other. Outline 3 mechanisms by which closely rhpv8sh1hp6 m82: fbe aelated species living in close proximity may be reproductively isolated.

2.Outline the process by which two species may be formed from an ancestral population through the process of allopatric speciation.

3.Describe how sexual and asexual reproduction can lead to the formation of new species with different numbers of copies of each chromosome.