The diagram shows the hapf1m 8g pk* phjxrhir+239kby6loid number of chromosomes in a gamete. What could be the polyploid numberr26 9xg 3pybr ihp+81fhkm k*j of chromosomes for this organism?

  The overall structure of the fin of a whah+y*:bwzb di :dc j,(t4+da e; adf1uple, in terms of bones and muscles, is similar to the overall structure of the limb of horses. What are these +bzihpt (d4dc*+dabw;:fj:1u ad,ey structures referred to as?

  Which of the following is the strongest evide:cvfxt-l.i3pa 7p:a/ n zlj 4ynce supporting the hypothesis that two populations are two different spxz/ lctnla:ya3 .-f7:4pvpijecies?

The male firefly (P. pyralis) signals to potentialn67tu lu4i ca g(xy05d female mates by flashing its lights in specific patterns. Females will only respond to light patterns produced by their own speca 7(xl5n64dt g0u yuicies.

1.Identify the form of reproductive isolation that fireflies exhibit. Justify your answer.

2.Suggest one possible advantage of this mating ritual.

3.All fireflies seen today have diverged from the same ancestral species. Explain how speciation is responsible for the large variety of firefly species.

  What can result in speci a6 nvmy 56bqg23 shrep4;hul-ation among organisms living in the same location?

  Which describes the similarities and difcd r5. 3sbcr:hb7i.zhferences between isolating mechanisms in sympatric and albh 7 5rsib.3c .hcrdz:lopatric speciation?

  Which of the following are often barriers to hybridisation between species/x, oc9un7wccpo7;6v pek 9cs ?
I. A given animal hybrid species has an even, as opposed to an odd number of chromosomes.
II. Two species of flowering plants produce gametes at different times of the year.
III. Behavioural barriers exist due to variations in bird song between species.

  Which is a key difference between homologous anfhtez iy3n;c ;(f-, tpjs n).ld analogous structures?

  The table shows factors that can result in speciation. Which word iubfe58tp; /k rtag,l9 ejg*,is matched to the correct definitiotu/l etr *5 ,epkf9b,g8;aigj n?

  Shown in diagrams A an v2iht2:wf qlxj15s +dxf0 a5bd B are two pairs of similar structures.

Which of the following statements correctly explain the structural similarities shown in diagrams A and B?
I. Structural similarities in diagram A are primarily due to random mutations, not common ancestry.
II. Structural similarities in diagram B are due to the fact that they both perform similar functions.
III. Diagram A depicts analogous structures, and diagram B depicts homologous structures.

  What sequence of events usually occur during the process ol/02eyeuaq1n blpa04+qy 3x of speciation?

  Triticum monococcum is an einkorn 4(ucr jmwj6*utdjwg7 y 3-b 2tzlk2p)wheat and was the first domesticated crop. It has a diploid number of 14 chromosomes. Triticum turgidum is a durum wheat with a total of 28 chromosomes. It is a result of the hybridization of Triticum monococcum and another grass Aegilops speltoides which also has a diploid number of 14. Wh jd22py6 r(u7cwjg -t lbmz3j4*)tkwu at is the correct term for Triticum turgidum in comparison to Triticum monococcum?

  It is thought that the congo river divided a population of the common *pk 5+xa6oqduancestor of bonobos (Pandxq*65+kpu a o paniscus) and chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes), resulting in geographic isolation. Which correctly pairs theoretical selection pressures and consequent adaptations of the two populations?

  Which of the following provides evidence for evolution t p+ vvk5nkj4uu+,e pa1hrough selective breeding?up5k,k++j v vna1up4 e
I. Phenotypic variation in the domesticated dog (Canis familiaris) has increased significantly as a result of humans selecting desirable traits.
II. Crop yield in domesticated crop plants is significantly greater than their wild relatives.
III. Homo sapiens in many parts of the world have alleles that provide resistance to diseases endemic to their region.

  The base sequence between two species was foun;nj 2xsp6p e0qd to be 78% the same, while the order of amino acids found in the same cell types between two species was 82% the same. What may be the reason for nxp2; sj60qe pthis?

  When a horse, which has 64 chromosomes, and a donkey, wnmo7gomjft w26y4 ,9ghich has 62 chromosomes reproduce, a mule offspring is produc,9 oyjo fg642wg n7mmted. Which are correct descriptions of mules?

I. Mules frequently produce offspring with other mules.
II. Cells in mules cannot undergo meiosis but can undergo mitosis.
III. Mule gametes have 63 chromosomes.

A study has been conducted on the effect of hormonawj m/u v:/hb n o1y6tsr( 5.u:wvs6gmpl contraception pollution on the mating calls of the adult male African clawed frog (Xenopus:(/svto . 5p6mwu 6vhrw1ygmn j/u:bs laevis). The spectrogram shows the frequency and volume of clicks (mating call) of control X.laevis and those exposed to oestrogen.


1.Distinguish between the clicks in the spectrogram between the control X. laevis and the X. laevis treated with oestrogen in 1 second.

The graph shows the average duration of the X. laevis mating calls when exposed to the hormone oestrogen.


2.Describe the effect of oestrogen on the duration of the mating call.

3.Explain why it is important to have the X.laevis control group.

4.Identify the independent variable in this study.

5.1.Predict the reproductive success of X.laevis exposed to 29.6 ng/L of oestrogen.
5.2.Outline the possible consequences of oestrogen exposure on X. laevis.

  What is adaptive radiation?.oz0qrrw typjh9-d 1b2 *5jiw

  Which statement best illustradkx 6c 3;(kmvmc*g o-ttes the process of evolution?

  Two species of smart.e 4ue qevs)k:89xgnrnh/ e7mweed (genus Persicaria) hybridise and form a new species. If both ofkgn x/v e.4)9 rsqhuenmee78: the parent species have two copies of each chromosome, how many copies of each chromosome is a daughter species most likely to have?

1.Compare and contrast natural selecti6hklm1he-bgq 33lcf+m68ie (*js iwvon and selective breeding.

2.Using a named example, outline convergent evolution.

3.Using named examples, discuss the evidence which supports the theory of evolution.

1.Outline how polyploidy results in reprodunnjdh9zu 5-q u1s:f/y ctive isolation.

2.Discuss the evidence for the theories of gradualism and punctuated equilibrium.

3.Explain the reasons for changes in allele frequency in different populations.

  Which is most likely a correct description of a given speciation evenpk2pvyn-.t4 17h y.0 squzgzl t?

  The diagram below shows the feeding ay 96 8jsf9 gdgcbcosc-d( (y-sreas of four species of warbler (genus Setophaga). What is the best explanation for how these warbler(s-89dy6cbgc9g j(df -soyc ss came to coexist in such close proximity?

1.Adaptive radiation results in a single ancestral species evolvvapaa. yy(+k :ing into multiple, closely related new species which may live in close proximity to each other. Outline 3 mechanisms by which closely related species living in close proximity maak+yayp(. :vay be reproductively isolated.

2.Outline the process by which two species may be formed from an ancestral population through the process of allopatric speciation.

3.Describe how sexual and asexual reproduction can lead to the formation of new species with different numbers of copies of each chromosome.