The diagram shows the haploid numotyllh )c2f8+-xe t( tber of chromosomes in a gamete. What could be the polyploid number of chromosomes for this organism? 8(fte+tclh)yl 2 -t xo

  The overall structure of the fin of a whale, /w v tp;, fwp.)-fgbpg 0;uejein terms of bones and muscles, is similar to the overall structure of the limb of e,ewf p -gp/g.v ) f;0bwtjp;uhorses. What are these structures referred to as?

  Which of the following k413yel n2lf4 s+dk jjmk1bu +is the strongest evidence supporting the hypothesis that two populatk4k+k fj bl1 +s3dyj2un 4m1leions are two different species?

The male firefly (P. pyra+l ;x(*lmu mp6p7ey imlis) signals to potential female mates by flashing its lights in specific patterns. Females will only respond to light patterns produced by their own species6 *e;+(l 7yuxp impmlm.

1.Identify the form of reproductive isolation that fireflies exhibit. Justify your answer.

2.Suggest one possible advantage of this mating ritual.

3.All fireflies seen today have diverged from the same ancestral species. Explain how speciation is responsible for the large variety of firefly species.

  What can result in speciation among organsy)9a 20xwk4l (:q:n wgu itnvisms living in the same location?

  Which describes the similarities andb14h7 f1i2 mob2 /li8w boiicd differences between isolating mechanisms in sympatric and allopatric clobf b 41oi27ib82mhd1w i/i speciation?

  Which of the following are often barriers to hybridia3b()wupjqt 7,l m ;.tfdno.hsation between species?
I. A given animal hybrid species has an even, as opposed to an odd number of chromosomes.
II. Two species of flowering plants produce gametes at different times of the year.
III. Behavioural barriers exist due to variations in bird song between species.

  Which is a key difference bee t2n ws-i kri47osa6;tween homologous and analogous structures?

  The table shows factors that can result in speciation. Whic be-jli) 5ewl9h word is matched to the correct definitio)e 5le9-li jbwn?

  Shown in diagrams A and B are two pairs of similar structuge5l dila5f+ 88fns) ures.

Which of the following statements correctly explain the structural similarities shown in diagrams A and B?
I. Structural similarities in diagram A are primarily due to random mutations, not common ancestry.
II. Structural similarities in diagram B are due to the fact that they both perform similar functions.
III. Diagram A depicts analogous structures, and diagram B depicts homologous structures.

  What sequence of events usually occur during the procew5s+h k v mzua,nr3*6ass of speciation?

  Triticum monococcum is an einkorn whea0/7azwojxie8 y u1 rg-t and was the first domesticated crop. It has a diploid number of 14 chromosomes. Triticum t giyw 0u7o 1j8xr-a/zeurgidum is a durum wheat with a total of 28 chromosomes. It is a result of the hybridization of Triticum monococcum and another grass Aegilops speltoides which also has a diploid number of 14. What is the correct term for Triticum turgidum in comparison to Triticum monococcum?

  It is thought that the congo river divided a population of the common ancestor oor ynv,/qpbnx k-5/ 3zf bonobos (Pan par -n3ob vzky/,qxp /n5niscus) and chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes), resulting in geographic isolation. Which correctly pairs theoretical selection pressures and consequent adaptations of the two populations?

  Which of the following provides evidence for evolution through selective breedi dj:is- iq5+8zxtuu +dd);z9 oevypl, hqi c*7ng? - di ;7to+iez,yudjs98 c vi)uhlqx5:zdp*+q
I. Phenotypic variation in the domesticated dog (Canis familiaris) has increased significantly as a result of humans selecting desirable traits.
II. Crop yield in domesticated crop plants is significantly greater than their wild relatives.
III. Homo sapiens in many parts of the world have alleles that provide resistance to diseases endemic to their region.

  The base sequence between two species was found to2 ew +ccp.py4aee 7fkr78: wfl be 78% the same, while the order of amino acids found in the same cell types between two species was 82% the same. What may be.kar f8p47 plefewccwey2 :7+ the reason for this?

  When a horse, which has 64 chromosomes, and a dfqd kkn6givf f n/v83 22/5qjionkey, which has 62 chromosomes reproduce, a mule offspring ik328 v di5kq /fvni2ff/gqn6 js produced. Which are correct descriptions of mules?

I. Mules frequently produce offspring with other mules.
II. Cells in mules cannot undergo meiosis but can undergo mitosis.
III. Mule gametes have 63 chromosomes.

A study has been conducted on the effect of hormonal con +ptpfrjlbp/-e. s9 y.n+y3cn traception pollution on the mating calls of the adult male African clawed frog (Xenopus laevis). The spectrogram shows the frequency and volume of clicks (mating call) of control X.laevis and tho.+y 9c+ ly.pf3/nres ppjtb -nse exposed to oestrogen.


1.Distinguish between the clicks in the spectrogram between the control X. laevis and the X. laevis treated with oestrogen in 1 second.

The graph shows the average duration of the X. laevis mating calls when exposed to the hormone oestrogen.


2.Describe the effect of oestrogen on the duration of the mating call.

3.Explain why it is important to have the X.laevis control group.

4.Identify the independent variable in this study.

5.1.Predict the reproductive success of X.laevis exposed to 29.6 ng/L of oestrogen.
5.2.Outline the possible consequences of oestrogen exposure on X. laevis.

  What is adaptive radiat6.3w4dqtw-21 ng7vft4n xm7v0 y8daja dls fgion?

  Which statement best illustrates the.jw 30ox*l f di7z0hq42b r/jjc39k-txgdfoh process of evolution?

  Two species of smartweed (genus Persicaria) hybridis9rjkok6cak 93 e and form a new species. If both of the parent species have two copies of each chromosome, how many copies of each chrom36kk 9rakc9o josome is a daughter species most likely to have?

1.Compare and contrast natural selectijmhs3u:k/ z ( )c669yzpmjkrh on and selective breeding.

2.Using a named example, outline convergent evolution.

3.Using named examples, discuss the evidence which supports the theory of evolution.

1.Outline how polyplhx t326uqeqw4 oidy results in reproductive isolation.

2.Discuss the evidence for the theories of gradualism and punctuated equilibrium.

3.Explain the reasons for changes in allele frequency in different populations.

  Which is most likely a correct description of ah 08d 3j9 eluu.mh, v7wu7bkhj given speciation event?

  The diagram below shows the feeding areas of foqyp :sp- r me:5(jwdvw6 x/+.i3nhdbqur species of warbler (genus Setophaga). What is the best explanation for how these 6:e+-y3qp:d(h/w w jnpq5.rims vxbd warblers came to coexist in such close proximity?

1.Adaptive radiation results in a single ancestral species evolving intovxea5f. faq7xs( (vt1 multiple, closely related new species which may live in close proximity to each other. Outline 3 mechanisms by which closely related species living in close proximity may be reproductively isolatq(f(a .tavs1f5v 7 xxeed.

2.Outline the process by which two species may be formed from an ancestral population through the process of allopatric speciation.

3.Describe how sexual and asexual reproduction can lead to the formation of new species with different numbers of copies of each chromosome.