The diagram shows the haploid number:asnox5*pk 5anph 7nm 32iy4m of chromosomes in a gamete. What could be the polyploid number of chromosomes for this organ ha n:mopakn xn755y4im32s*pism?

  The overall structure of the fin of a nsd5f :9 yabi 7 /)80tfiwt.q,e jmmpmwhale, in terms of bones and muscles, is similaiedjwt: pifq 5 m7.9a/st ,0m8 yn)bmfr to the overall structure of the limb of horses. What are these structures referred to as?

  Which of the followingz()qty sd *+cqlq( i2l2iw *qk is the strongest evidence supporting the hypothesis that two populyq iqiw(d22kz(q)s *ql*lc+tations are two different species?

The male firefly (P. pyralis) signals to potenji k2 5//dpmwwtial female mates by flashing its lights in specific patterns. Females will on/iwdkwp 5j/m 2ly respond to light patterns produced by their own species.

1.Identify the form of reproductive isolation that fireflies exhibit. Justify your answer.

2.Suggest one possible advantage of this mating ritual.

3.All fireflies seen today have diverged from the same ancestral species. Explain how speciation is responsible for the large variety of firefly species.

  What can result in speciation among organisms living in ssi;yb 4sr.r*lwna ))the same location?

  Which describes the similarities and differences between isolaob/ **r6uree ojwx ohi t;b.y bj5(y7w7on++m ting mechanisms in sympatric and allopatric spec7ro ;u ijt*+ e6.brm*nywwob+jx7 e ho5(b y/oiation?

  Which of the following are often barriers to hyb:z-3tdn myvj -ridisation between species?
I. A given animal hybrid species has an even, as opposed to an odd number of chromosomes.
II. Two species of flowering plants produce gametes at different times of the year.
III. Behavioural barriers exist due to variations in bird song between species.

  Which is a key difference between hqeqaqqn) g )mjtu8 v6b97e48bdq22hn s rhl88omologous and analogous structures?

  The table shows factors that can result i* q7ovd/ dmorp,:r :rnn speciation. Which word is matched to tr 7:nrd/o po :d*,qvmrhe correct definition?

  Shown in diagrams A and B are two pairs of similar s3 t8wzr, edy*h1 wfy)qtructures.

Which of the following statements correctly explain the structural similarities shown in diagrams A and B?
I. Structural similarities in diagram A are primarily due to random mutations, not common ancestry.
II. Structural similarities in diagram B are due to the fact that they both perform similar functions.
III. Diagram A depicts analogous structures, and diagram B depicts homologous structures.

  What sequence of events usually occur du5 ; 5c+gmkjkqkring the process of speciation?

  Triticum monococcum is an einkorn wheat and mmzjn8 6q)bo8was the first domesticated crop. It has a diploid number of 14 chromosomes. Triticum turgidum is a durum wheat with a total of 28 chromosomes. It is a result of the hybridization of Triticum monococcum and another grass Aegilops speltoides which also has a diploid number of 14. What is the correct term for Triticum turgidum in c monm68 8j)bzqomparison to Triticum monococcum?

  It is thought that the congo river divigqdso.ln:g- 0hk 76jq ded a population of the common ancestor of bonobos (Pan paniscus) and chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes), resulting in geographic isolation. Which correctly pairs theoretical selectio qno -7:jdkqsg.6l0ghn pressures and consequent adaptations of the two populations?

  Which of the following provides evidence for evolution through ses6wqp db1x)t3 8z3y oelective breeding?1ptw q 6es83zx)d3 byo
I. Phenotypic variation in the domesticated dog (Canis familiaris) has increased significantly as a result of humans selecting desirable traits.
II. Crop yield in domesticated crop plants is significantly greater than their wild relatives.
III. Homo sapiens in many parts of the world have alleles that provide resistance to diseases endemic to their region.

  The base sequence between two species was found to be 78% the same, wh( cyjdn b2cl;0q ot4o ydv2(6nile the order of amino acids found in the same cell 4(y v( ocnyjbq260 tnlco2;ddtypes between two species was 82% the same. What may be the reason for this?

  When a horse, which has 64 chromosomes, and a donkey, which has 62 chromosom63p5v8 hwf ) nms4lzmmeaer73es reproduce, a mule offspring is produce6h) a ver7s3 zfw4m8ml3epn5md. Which are correct descriptions of mules?

I. Mules frequently produce offspring with other mules.
II. Cells in mules cannot undergo meiosis but can undergo mitosis.
III. Mule gametes have 63 chromosomes.

A study has been conducted on the effect of hormonal coub (.eyt 8x2qmntraception pollution on the mating calls of they 8m2b q.exu(t adult male African clawed frog (Xenopus laevis). The spectrogram shows the frequency and volume of clicks (mating call) of control X.laevis and those exposed to oestrogen.


1.Distinguish between the clicks in the spectrogram between the control X. laevis and the X. laevis treated with oestrogen in 1 second.

The graph shows the average duration of the X. laevis mating calls when exposed to the hormone oestrogen.


2.Describe the effect of oestrogen on the duration of the mating call.

3.Explain why it is important to have the X.laevis control group.

4.Identify the independent variable in this study.

5.1.Predict the reproductive success of X.laevis exposed to 29.6 ng/L of oestrogen.
5.2.Outline the possible consequences of oestrogen exposure on X. laevis.

  What is adaptive radiation:n.t tipf wu7yg- b7a14: szst?

  Which statement best illustrates thgqg1l0m/zw y3i3 8 xpt jv12nte process of evolution?

  Two species of smartweed (genus Persicaria) hybridise and form a new spe rnw0p 5n lk0bnx,;hhoq-yuat(3qi* : cies. If both of the parent species have two copies of each chromosome, h5oi0y;ta xup hn*: q(nk wn 3r0,h-qlbow many copies of each chromosome is a daughter species most likely to have?

1.Compare and contrast natur -ihbe2vbe 95iag ;+djal selection and selective breeding.

2.Using a named example, outline convergent evolution.

3.Using named examples, discuss the evidence which supports the theory of evolution.

1.Outline how polypl8 vo9m rsr616wcw)ebqicm m 09oidy results in reproductive isolation.

2.Discuss the evidence for the theories of gradualism and punctuated equilibrium.

3.Explain the reasons for changes in allele frequency in different populations.

  Which is most likely a cg/ampvo-tx 6 5orrect description of a given speciation event?

  The diagram below shows the feeding areas of four species of warbler 0x0y 0dfn5h7 ah0mpwf(genus Setophaga). What is the best explanation forn0 p7 fa f0hxhwy50dm0 how these warblers came to coexist in such close proximity?

1.Adaptive radiation resultrhf flnxzu8tv s*tx*9.nm 1 1/s in a single ancestral species evolving into multiple, closely related new species which may live in close proximity to each other. Outline 3 mechanisms by which closely related species living inhx9.18x1st* /numvl zfrn*tf close proximity may be reproductively isolated.

2.Outline the process by which two species may be formed from an ancestral population through the process of allopatric speciation.

3.Describe how sexual and asexual reproduction can lead to the formation of new species with different numbers of copies of each chromosome.