The diagram shows the haploiv,5jfn kuh8* gd number of chromosomes in a gamete. What could be the polyploid number of chromosomes for this ork 8g*,u5hv jnfganism?

  The overall structure of the fin of a whale, in terms of bones and5m, 0vomqrlal(gt3 7l ft x2t8 muscles, is similar to the overall structure oft7l r0vg(l8atlx2 m 3q,5ofmt the limb of horses. What are these structures referred to as?

  Which of the following is the strongecv13v)zbh r+ev-ij; csb+:y cst evidence supporting the hypothesis that two populations are je)vcv+ +i h3:c-vcsrzb1y ;btwo different species?

The male firefly (P. pyralis) signals to potential female mates by fl:baaa*u j iuhxrj20-j erl b0b662a* sashing its lights in specific patterns. Fem**a rbas6i6a:h2j 2j 0l0- ruebuaxbjales will only respond to light patterns produced by their own species.

1.Identify the form of reproductive isolation that fireflies exhibit. Justify your answer.

2.Suggest one possible advantage of this mating ritual.

3.All fireflies seen today have diverged from the same ancestral species. Explain how speciation is responsible for the large variety of firefly species.

  What can result in speciation among organisms living in the same locatuq6 dm/ 9wsfze61cdg1e y6,rqion?

  Which describes the similarities and differences between isolating mechanisms9hcxpg 5ry h(( h+vo1r in sympatric and allopatric 1ch 59 yh+pv(rx(o ghrspeciation?

  Which of the following are often ba0f r )bmr ;ev2v23nvqarriers to hybridisation between species?
I. A given animal hybrid species has an even, as opposed to an odd number of chromosomes.
II. Two species of flowering plants produce gametes at different times of the year.
III. Behavioural barriers exist due to variations in bird song between species.

  Which is a key difference between homologous and analogous s9pg1g6 q 7.6 wnajavlgtructures?

  The table shows factors that can result in speciation. Which word is maq1:hephum ai* f ey(a, n-0j)btched to the correct defin:i hfaam* eh1u)-yqbp( 0j ,enition?

  Shown in diagrams A and B are two ha ldcd1oc)96 pairs of similar structures.

Which of the following statements correctly explain the structural similarities shown in diagrams A and B?
I. Structural similarities in diagram A are primarily due to random mutations, not common ancestry.
II. Structural similarities in diagram B are due to the fact that they both perform similar functions.
III. Diagram A depicts analogous structures, and diagram B depicts homologous structures.

  What sequence of events usually occur duringx29f o2n1rd 6cttku 2c the process of speciation?

  Triticum monococcum is an einkorn wheatfmz1fm h66 i8b6eig;dk rn9b( and was the first domesticated crop. It (k696erg zi1 nfbdimm;bh 68 fhas a diploid number of 14 chromosomes. Triticum turgidum is a durum wheat with a total of 28 chromosomes. It is a result of the hybridization of Triticum monococcum and another grass Aegilops speltoides which also has a diploid number of 14. What is the correct term for Triticum turgidum in comparison to Triticum monococcum?

  It is thought that the congo river divided a popnpib dck w 2e)c.aj4 / ,y:6;2sl r7*bqhhhrupulation of the common ancestor of bonobos (Pan paniscus) p7bjwn/h,: rp62dblkre4u*ay2) h;.ihs cqcand chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes), resulting in geographic isolation. Which correctly pairs theoretical selection pressures and consequent adaptations of the two populations?

  Which of the following provides evidence for evolution through selective brxbuo j3* ex;1ieeding? 3;1u xobi*exj
I. Phenotypic variation in the domesticated dog (Canis familiaris) has increased significantly as a result of humans selecting desirable traits.
II. Crop yield in domesticated crop plants is significantly greater than their wild relatives.
III. Homo sapiens in many parts of the world have alleles that provide resistance to diseases endemic to their region.

  The base sequence between two species wnd 6xlc z2djdjfrwwi, . f,-md i14zww,9(d;m as found to be 78% the same, while the order of amino acids found in the same cell types between two species was 82% the same. What d(1w,w mf9,;r xjjw2n6dz .,fii -4m cddzw ldmay be the reason for this?

  When a horse, which has 64 chromosomek +/hj,s vg1241m- mrshmrkhds, and a donkey, which has 62 chromosomes reproduce, a mule offspring is produced. Which are correcth/d1rsh kvhm+sm-,g 2mj1kr4 descriptions of mules?

I. Mules frequently produce offspring with other mules.
II. Cells in mules cannot undergo meiosis but can undergo mitosis.
III. Mule gametes have 63 chromosomes.

A study has been conducted on the effect of hormguf/ ux ;wbl,:z )xl9uonal contraception pollution on the mating calls of the adult male African clawed frog (Xenopus laevis). The spectrogram shows the frequency and volume of clicks (mating call) ofxuf x:)u u/wl9zlg,b; control X.laevis and those exposed to oestrogen.


1.Distinguish between the clicks in the spectrogram between the control X. laevis and the X. laevis treated with oestrogen in 1 second.

The graph shows the average duration of the X. laevis mating calls when exposed to the hormone oestrogen.


2.Describe the effect of oestrogen on the duration of the mating call.

3.Explain why it is important to have the X.laevis control group.

4.Identify the independent variable in this study.

5.1.Predict the reproductive success of X.laevis exposed to 29.6 ng/L of oestrogen.
5.2.Outline the possible consequences of oestrogen exposure on X. laevis.

  What is adaptive radiation? .(9dpw*,p*tyzhf nwj

  Which statement best illustrates the)em 6qva /xhtr*3u8*ex lib w8 process of evolution?

  Two species of smartweed (us.v8 xbs41ljui+) klq05/xmkq h9gegenus Persicaria) hybridise and form a new species. If both of the parent species have two copies of each chromosome, how many copies of each chromosome is a daughter species most likellhus8 eiul9bvq.+kgk)0 1qjmx xs5/4y to have?

1.Compare and contrast natural sed bx zbt5.vb -3iin wf3y6*y;llection and selective breeding.

2.Using a named example, outline convergent evolution.

3.Using named examples, discuss the evidence which supports the theory of evolution.

1.Outline how polyploidy results in reprod c0-kd ).dd;pl) hjpqcuctive isolation.

2.Discuss the evidence for the theories of gradualism and punctuated equilibrium.

3.Explain the reasons for changes in allele frequency in different populations.

  Which is most likely a co9,fse2poee w ,rrect description of a given speciation event?

  The diagram below shows the feeding areas of four speci je 7;cz7 pis*l1aztf-es of warbler (genus Setophaga). What is the b z7iat7cz;*p-ejf ls1est explanation for how these warblers came to coexist in such close proximity?

1.Adaptive radiation results in a single ancrr.km9if i,4 bestral species evolving into multiple, closely related new species which may livemrr f.k,ii94b in close proximity to each other. Outline 3 mechanisms by which closely related species living in close proximity may be reproductively isolated.

2.Outline the process by which two species may be formed from an ancestral population through the process of allopatric speciation.

3.Describe how sexual and asexual reproduction can lead to the formation of new species with different numbers of copies of each chromosome.