The diagram shows the haploidsaje 1d f09oa- number of chromosomes in a gamete. What could be the polyploidd901-sjo e aaf number of chromosomes for this organism?

  The overall structure of the fin of a whale, in terms of bones and musc d,mw9lp8z1ou0 c:tc1wa 4our les, is similar to the overall structure of the limb of horses. wc ou1zd0p,r41u9 wltoacm8 :What are these structures referred to as?

  Which of the following is the strongest evidence supporting the ei,ojxps. (/ehypothesis that two populations are two different (i/ejop .e ,xsspecies?

The male firefly (P. pyralis) signals to potential female mates bjyu) 7(2wqbg ly flashing its lights in specific patterns. Females will only respond to light patterns produced by(b27l qguwy )j their own species.

1.Identify the form of reproductive isolation that fireflies exhibit. Justify your answer.

2.Suggest one possible advantage of this mating ritual.

3.All fireflies seen today have diverged from the same ancestral species. Explain how speciation is responsible for the large variety of firefly species.

  What can result in specm bnd4 *5,dfeliation among organisms living in the same location?

  Which describes the similarities and differences between isolating mechdx+e kw40v8 qbep2vlb.ra:8dcp3 *w x anisms in sympatric and allopatric specw e+bbalw x*qpc p8e2 dr0 3:vvk4.8xdiation?

  Which of the following are often barriers to hybridisation between s9juwj ps g(4q 8uqoipd,ip);0 pecies?
I. A given animal hybrid species has an even, as opposed to an odd number of chromosomes.
II. Two species of flowering plants produce gametes at different times of the year.
III. Behavioural barriers exist due to variations in bird song between species.

  Which is a key difference between homologo8tf.og9- qou1hx-ijx us and analogous structures?

  The table shows factors that can res 7bv*e h/*btbkult in speciation. Which word is matched to tht*/ ebk *hbvb7e correct definition?

  Shown in diagrams A and B are two pairs of similia*5ie wh xmdxlqz70 )4lu9q5zhe29 z ar structures.

Which of the following statements correctly explain the structural similarities shown in diagrams A and B?
I. Structural similarities in diagram A are primarily due to random mutations, not common ancestry.
II. Structural similarities in diagram B are due to the fact that they both perform similar functions.
III. Diagram A depicts analogous structures, and diagram B depicts homologous structures.

  What sequence of eventsuz oueoj7v)q*6u /z. x usually occur during the process of speciation?

  Triticum monococcum is an einkorn wheat and was the first dogx0sbgs; 2y f.mesticated crop. It has a diploid number of 14 chromosomes. Triticum turgidum is a durum wheat with a total of 28 chromosomes. It is a fgb;. 2syx0 sgresult of the hybridization of Triticum monococcum and another grass Aegilops speltoides which also has a diploid number of 14. What is the correct term for Triticum turgidum in comparison to Triticum monococcum?

  It is thought that the congo river divided a population of the common bfazn53ff/ b :yf:* zjancestor of bonobos (Pan paniscus :/3 f5ffnjbz :bzf*ya) and chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes), resulting in geographic isolation. Which correctly pairs theoretical selection pressures and consequent adaptations of the two populations?

  Which of the following provides evidence for evolution through sedyf4: wspu/ 5vlective breeding? /ys:f uv5p wd4
I. Phenotypic variation in the domesticated dog (Canis familiaris) has increased significantly as a result of humans selecting desirable traits.
II. Crop yield in domesticated crop plants is significantly greater than their wild relatives.
III. Homo sapiens in many parts of the world have alleles that provide resistance to diseases endemic to their region.

  The base sequence between two species was 58z5jr mbbs:taqs- y3 found to be 78% the same, while the order of aszb5 q:s ar3 b8ty5m-jmino acids found in the same cell types between two species was 82% the same. What may be the reason for this?

  When a horse, which has 64 chromosomes, and a donkey, which has 62 chro0 g4m1z5um(*ntidtyamosomes reproduce, a mule offspring is producemty0(5n t 1ia*md uz4gd. Which are correct descriptions of mules?

I. Mules frequently produce offspring with other mules.
II. Cells in mules cannot undergo meiosis but can undergo mitosis.
III. Mule gametes have 63 chromosomes.

A study has been conducted on the effect of hormonal con lce mr*b-abj. 9j3/8dxj(7ijyw gsz )traception pollution on the mating calls of the adult male African clawed frog (Xenopus laevis). The spectrogram shows the frequency and volume of clicks (mating call) of control X.laevis and those exposed to*xy.sj-j )erjg3( b9abwjlic7z8 d/ m oestrogen.


1.Distinguish between the clicks in the spectrogram between the control X. laevis and the X. laevis treated with oestrogen in 1 second.

The graph shows the average duration of the X. laevis mating calls when exposed to the hormone oestrogen.


2.Describe the effect of oestrogen on the duration of the mating call.

3.Explain why it is important to have the X.laevis control group.

4.Identify the independent variable in this study.

5.1.Predict the reproductive success of X.laevis exposed to 29.6 ng/L of oestrogen.
5.2.Outline the possible consequences of oestrogen exposure on X. laevis.

  What is adaptive rad3v.o+f mn5w jtu76i kaq cs-xr6c72puiation?

  Which statement best illustrates the md ubf2xc,purmrgk6.r 6 ta: z90x)l,process of evolution?

  Two species of smartweed (genus Per k iuj- 1qpwp2kr5d;+us7+g ttsicaria) hybridise and form a new species. If both of the parent species have two copies of each chu rg7du25stw +- t pk;p1+qkijromosome, how many copies of each chromosome is a daughter species most likely to have?

1.Compare and contrast natural selection ank.s, f:tucsg8reh35 er 7kx -rd selective breeding.

2.Using a named example, outline convergent evolution.

3.Using named examples, discuss the evidence which supports the theory of evolution.

1.Outline how polyploidy results in reproductive isolati 9wbam5 s213vhwclga +on.

2.Discuss the evidence for the theories of gradualism and punctuated equilibrium.

3.Explain the reasons for changes in allele frequency in different populations.

  Which is most likely a correctsuqq6uo u1hzjj b,69, description of a given speciation event?

  The diagram below shows the feeding areas of four species of bzn5 reyr;k;80 um9evwarbler (genus Setophaga). What is the best explanation for how these warblers cazynk eurbm 9 0r8;5;evme to coexist in such close proximity?

1.Adaptive radiation results in a single ancestral species dwo8a o g3pn.hr gsn*is;3;f, evolving into multiple, closely related new species which may live in close proximity to each otheronp*;gd rgh .sn3w so ,i8a;3f. Outline 3 mechanisms by which closely related species living in close proximity may be reproductively isolated.

2.Outline the process by which two species may be formed from an ancestral population through the process of allopatric speciation.

3.Describe how sexual and asexual reproduction can lead to the formation of new species with different numbers of copies of each chromosome.