The diagram shows the haploid number of chromosomes in a gamete. What could bexht/ n0fsh dzat2+*2l the polyploid number of chromosomes for this organismlst* td/z +x2n0f2ahh?

  The overall structure of the fin of a whale,rq3e:ar y74phfjn;1d in terms of bones and muscles, is similar to the overall structure of the lim :7r4fqadpeh3 ry1n;j b of horses. What are these structures referred to as?

  Which of the following is the strongest evidence supx6 ivm 53w bzcw end.-i9jxk+mnp qc,91.mvu 6porting the hypothesis that two populations are two different species?ub w ix de.n,.xz65vc1iw mpnj+9mmcv9k63q-

The male firefly (P. pyra yfb3xk*a 2bcyq v8+;alis) signals to potential female mates by flashing its lights in specific patterns. Females will only resk 8b;c+ya2by*qa f3 vxpond to light patterns produced by their own species.

1.Identify the form of reproductive isolation that fireflies exhibit. Justify your answer.

2.Suggest one possible advantage of this mating ritual.

3.All fireflies seen today have diverged from the same ancestral species. Explain how speciation is responsible for the large variety of firefly species.

  What can result in speciation among organisms livin)cysik*i1xhvk9 ;o 3fhkjfd p /3 un7,g in the same location?

  Which describes the similarities and *v*j/r rqyy/( u;-wbrsu0ef bdifferences between isolating mechanisms in sympatric and allopatric speciationw(r/ * fbqjsuuyb-r;y r0*ve/ ?

  Which of the following are often barriers to hitnem ol) ;3r-nf,of2a 5 r0xqybridisation between species?
I. A given animal hybrid species has an even, as opposed to an odd number of chromosomes.
II. Two species of flowering plants produce gametes at different times of the year.
III. Behavioural barriers exist due to variations in bird song between species.

  Which is a key difference between homologous and analogiw-q d8 mb)f3fous structures?

  The table shows factors that can resus8:.xv gv4 o wv,wi1gblt in speciation. Which word is matched to the correct de4gw xo ,w 18s:vb.gvvifinition?

  Shown in diagrams A and B are two pairs of similar lj9bqsts(0j(baq; 8mbe 3p f4structures.

Which of the following statements correctly explain the structural similarities shown in diagrams A and B?
I. Structural similarities in diagram A are primarily due to random mutations, not common ancestry.
II. Structural similarities in diagram B are due to the fact that they both perform similar functions.
III. Diagram A depicts analogous structures, and diagram B depicts homologous structures.

  What sequence of event7n)lq012t j9hivj zgas usually occur during the process of speciation?

  Triticum monococcum is an einkorn wheat and was the first domesticated crop. Itde9p1m2(dhfgtx m 8u/ has a diploid number of 14 chromosomes. Triticum turgidum is a durum wheat with a total of 28 chromosomes. It is a result of the hybridization of Triticum monococcum and anothgf2mut1(e 8px 9dhm d/er grass Aegilops speltoides which also has a diploid number of 14. What is the correct term for Triticum turgidum in comparison to Triticum monococcum?

  It is thought that the congo river divided a population of the common ancestor oavcp0paod 147-air 8a.t/fd7dys c6ff bonobos (Pan paniscus)i c4ts1d8daa6r7paofy 7.0/ a-pfd vc and chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes), resulting in geographic isolation. Which correctly pairs theoretical selection pressures and consequent adaptations of the two populations?

  Which of the following provides evidence for evolutq:r9r.r6fc put t9s1jion through selective breedin9rrcju6.ptf9sq t1 :rg?
I. Phenotypic variation in the domesticated dog (Canis familiaris) has increased significantly as a result of humans selecting desirable traits.
II. Crop yield in domesticated crop plants is significantly greater than their wild relatives.
III. Homo sapiens in many parts of the world have alleles that provide resistance to diseases endemic to their region.

  The base sequence between dow q001p90 0y .6kim gyg 9uizlz9ucetwo species was found to be 78% the same, while the order of amino acids found inq 6uk0zw.0i mid901gycez0y 9l9 oup g the same cell types between two species was 82% the same. What may be the reason for this?

  When a horse, which has 64 chromosomes,-kz.u *qu tw(tbsm7a( and a donkey, which has 62 chromosomes reproduce, (q.* -t(zbu7auws m tka mule offspring is produced. Which are correct descriptions of mules?

I. Mules frequently produce offspring with other mules.
II. Cells in mules cannot undergo meiosis but can undergo mitosis.
III. Mule gametes have 63 chromosomes.

A study has been conducted on the effect of hormonal conc.z+fe2e gkh, traception pollution on the mating calls of the adult male African clawed frog (Xenopus laevis). The spectrogram shows the frequency and volume of clicks (matic+ek ghf.z,e 2ng call) of control X.laevis and those exposed to oestrogen.


1.Distinguish between the clicks in the spectrogram between the control X. laevis and the X. laevis treated with oestrogen in 1 second.

The graph shows the average duration of the X. laevis mating calls when exposed to the hormone oestrogen.


2.Describe the effect of oestrogen on the duration of the mating call.

3.Explain why it is important to have the X.laevis control group.

4.Identify the independent variable in this study.

5.1.Predict the reproductive success of X.laevis exposed to 29.6 ng/L of oestrogen.
5.2.Outline the possible consequences of oestrogen exposure on X. laevis.

  What is adaptive radiatiow9zq l6ds,0 hxlp c:v6n?

  Which statement best illustrates the process of evo5ut(h)l 5exnhzy h )caf1n86xlution?

  Two species of smartweed (genus Persicaria) hybridise and form a new species. x2r/d2 gbe(; n dssck:If both of the parent species have two copies of e2d2:ec sb;n(/ rsgk xdach chromosome, how many copies of each chromosome is a daughter species most likely to have?

1.Compare and contrast natural selection and p zr1 i:nqg5h6 0gbi+kselective breeding.

2.Using a named example, outline convergent evolution.

3.Using named examples, discuss the evidence which supports the theory of evolution.

1.Outline how polyploidy results in reproductive isolation. 5e3ss;t qg :il9 .1hm vhlro:/pfqy5p

2.Discuss the evidence for the theories of gradualism and punctuated equilibrium.

3.Explain the reasons for changes in allele frequency in different populations.

  Which is most likely (qxry a2jrufq:,89elrgwv4qz(s d2. a correct description of a given speciation event?

  The diagram below shows the feeding areas of four species of warbl k7vj9 wlr;)maer (genus Setophaga). What is the best explanation for how these warblers came to coexismw )7ka9rvjl;t in such close proximity?

1.Adaptive radiation results in a single ancestral spe/cewei a 7f54yzm3 ng+cies evolving into multiple, closely related new species which may live in close proximity to each other. Outline 3 mechanisms by which closely r4n cyage/zi 5e m7+3wfelated species living in close proximity may be reproductively isolated.

2.Outline the process by which two species may be formed from an ancestral population through the process of allopatric speciation.

3.Describe how sexual and asexual reproduction can lead to the formation of new species with different numbers of copies of each chromosome.