The diagram shows the haploid number of chromosomes in a gamete. What,rxaw7hfg*4tx+akv6db u4 o 4 could be the polyploid number of chromosomes for this organrh6twovugx + d47 a4 *xkf4a,bism?

  The overall structure of the fin of a whtdw ,jyg;;+ : zdetb3sale, in terms of bones and muscles, is simila;t:s;tdw 3dzjb +gy ,er to the overall structure of the limb of horses. What are these structures referred to as?

  Which of the following is the strongest evidence z+t/ea-k2fjl wx: e4 qsupporting the hypothesis that two populations are two different species?fxqj-+ taw4kee/l2z:

The male firefly (P. pyralis) sigx0b .n;qzn61opx 6n0upyw xb93asf 3gnals to potential female mates by flashing its lightf.wub1 nx zy636px b;x9 n30nqo0psg as in specific patterns. Females will only respond to light patterns produced by their own species.

1.Identify the form of reproductive isolation that fireflies exhibit. Justify your answer.

2.Suggest one possible advantage of this mating ritual.

3.All fireflies seen today have diverged from the same ancestral species. Explain how speciation is responsible for the large variety of firefly species.

  What can result in speciation among orgah k. j5pd5ul8jnisms living in the same location?

  Which describes the 6:vajs fg7t+z5fsb (. mik )ggsimilarities and differences between isolating mechanisms in sympatric and allopatric speciation b6s)a f+jg:m sg tfgv5i.zk(7?

  Which of the following are often barrier9w)z(34;if *nvhqlyv 2 e:idjpvq r/as to hybridisation between species?
I. A given animal hybrid species has an even, as opposed to an odd number of chromosomes.
II. Two species of flowering plants produce gametes at different times of the year.
III. Behavioural barriers exist due to variations in bird song between species.

  Which is a key difference between 5qphf 3 oqvk7zaiw55vq:; q*khomologous and analogous structures?

  The table shows factors that:uk t*l ktk4ylg x4:v9 can result in speciation. Which word is matched to the corrk4tuy kl4::*lvk t g9xect definition?

  Shown in diagrams A andgqwznsxw3no7 -d -my - .ww)-w B are two pairs of similar structures.

Which of the following statements correctly explain the structural similarities shown in diagrams A and B?
I. Structural similarities in diagram A are primarily due to random mutations, not common ancestry.
II. Structural similarities in diagram B are due to the fact that they both perform similar functions.
III. Diagram A depicts analogous structures, and diagram B depicts homologous structures.

  What sequence of events usually occur /d2mb:* omav9 uepvy.during the process of speciation?

  Triticum monococcum is an einkorn wheat and was3kl2:(aii1;tk ztls w the first domesticated crop. It has a diploid number of 14 chromosomes. Triticum turgidum is a durum wheat with a total of 28 chromosomes. It is a result of the hybridization of Triticum monococcum and another grass Aegilops speltoides which also has a diploid number of 14. What is the correct term for Triticum turgidum in comp:tt kiil1wkl z;23s a(arison to Triticum monococcum?

  It is thought that the congo river divided a population of the common an6m0pz pu9pp9 ncestor of bonobos (Pan paniscus) and chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes), resulting in geographimnup9p 6 pzp09c isolation. Which correctly pairs theoretical selection pressures and consequent adaptations of the two populations?

  Which of the following prm bu3p314qvc bovides evidence for evolution through selective breeding?4pu m31b bqc3v
I. Phenotypic variation in the domesticated dog (Canis familiaris) has increased significantly as a result of humans selecting desirable traits.
II. Crop yield in domesticated crop plants is significantly greater than their wild relatives.
III. Homo sapiens in many parts of the world have alleles that provide resistance to diseases endemic to their region.

  The base sequence between two species was found to (0wt-k.n) frwb adc p1hq/7 nhbe 78% the same, while the order of amino wp/-qrhcnwahtk(b71 d.f n0)acids found in the same cell types between two species was 82% the same. What may be the reason for this?

  When a horse, which has 64 chromosomes, and a donkey, whi ;bf evr4jnc5+4de m,ich has 62 chromosomes repjb+e ;evc nfid4m r,54roduce, a mule offspring is produced. Which are correct descriptions of mules?

I. Mules frequently produce offspring with other mules.
II. Cells in mules cannot undergo meiosis but can undergo mitosis.
III. Mule gametes have 63 chromosomes.

A study has been conducted on the effect of hormonal contraception pollution hl;9yeojnatz yhpn .o:3z0 mlg(m+; 0on the mating calls of the adult malet. g:y+ 0az3n m lmon(ojyp;l90zhe;h African clawed frog (Xenopus laevis). The spectrogram shows the frequency and volume of clicks (mating call) of control X.laevis and those exposed to oestrogen.


1.Distinguish between the clicks in the spectrogram between the control X. laevis and the X. laevis treated with oestrogen in 1 second.

The graph shows the average duration of the X. laevis mating calls when exposed to the hormone oestrogen.


2.Describe the effect of oestrogen on the duration of the mating call.

3.Explain why it is important to have the X.laevis control group.

4.Identify the independent variable in this study.

5.1.Predict the reproductive success of X.laevis exposed to 29.6 ng/L of oestrogen.
5.2.Outline the possible consequences of oestrogen exposure on X. laevis.

  What is adaptive radiations zs x4r)un1 drt5)trdp7q5ki,wl:i1 ?

  Which statement best illustrateszq: v-b* puidcui0b 96b*m l*h4q ap/m the process of evolution?

  Two species of smartweed (genus Pl q9 oju 8;m-+wpln0bnersicaria) hybridise and form a new species. If both of the parent species have two copies of each chromosome, how many copies of each nw+lu8 0qmb - l;9pjonchromosome is a daughter species most likely to have?

1.Compare and contrast natural see+t) eg1 sgoe0-cfyf/ lection and selective breeding.

2.Using a named example, outline convergent evolution.

3.Using named examples, discuss the evidence which supports the theory of evolution.

1.Outline how polyploid93g8sblng,f yd-o zj*y results in reproductive isolation.

2.Discuss the evidence for the theories of gradualism and punctuated equilibrium.

3.Explain the reasons for changes in allele frequency in different populations.

  Which is most likely a correct description of a given speciation evenn lk;e5c caiahf8 u36 n65o*nqt?

  The diagram below shows the feeding ar mi; usvh x1nu1j6hyg., x5z7eeas of four species of warbler (genus Setophaga). What is the best explanation for how thvnzehxuh15 x 7,sgm.6;j1uiyese warblers came to coexist in such close proximity?

1.Adaptive radiation results in a single ancestral*i d6pttfzgq*x 6 u2+jy18epe species evolving into multiple, closely related new species which may live in close proximity to each otpt ez fj2qdg t*p+y681e6ix*u her. Outline 3 mechanisms by which closely related species living in close proximity may be reproductively isolated.

2.Outline the process by which two species may be formed from an ancestral population through the process of allopatric speciation.

3.Describe how sexual and asexual reproduction can lead to the formation of new species with different numbers of copies of each chromosome.