The diagram shows the haploid number of chromosomes i8);i.rh fjn3o yp5 (fnzha /yrn a gamete. What could be the polypl;h3)frnnf5/pi 8zy .ayh orj(oid number of chromosomes for this organism?

  The overall structure of the fin of a whale, in termsi5 :kypx; vo8d of bones and muscles, is similar to the overall structure of the limb xoydik58vp:;of horses. What are these structures referred to as?

  Which of the following is the strongest evide we .dtg5 26-mpauoo: v,fyzw5nce supporting the hypothesis that two populations are two different sofe6zv wy aw5d 2gtpu- m.:5,opecies?

The male firefly (P. pyralis) signals to potential female vg9c j mrhk,q8fk4/3dmates by flashing its lights in specific patterns. Females will only respond to light patterns produced by their own species. 8rk j,4vgfm39d/ cqhk

1.Identify the form of reproductive isolation that fireflies exhibit. Justify your answer.

2.Suggest one possible advantage of this mating ritual.

3.All fireflies seen today have diverged from the same ancestral species. Explain how speciation is responsible for the large variety of firefly species.

  What can result in speciation among organisms living in the ) lgyphcwq1r1 r*0p7.cda 7rxsame location?

  Which describes the similarities and difot2o2 8uwk0y-7u*esdi pt xq)ferences between isolating mechanisms in sympatric and allopatric speciati8-2eoytosw2ipx 70 u) *tdqukon?

  Which of the following are often k.kre0g*z b e:wp 5oq2barriers to hybridisation between species?
I. A given animal hybrid species has an even, as opposed to an odd number of chromosomes.
II. Two species of flowering plants produce gametes at different times of the year.
III. Behavioural barriers exist due to variations in bird song between species.

  Which is a key difference between homologous and analogony.y) *kqs+a gus structures?

  The table shows factors that can result ic,vmurkp)y xy r 3(5i0n speciation. Which word is matched to the corrk50,(r)v iruypxc 3myect definition?

  Shown in diagrams A and B are two pair 6(jk+ x s.ytguypv7bni*8ln 8s of similar structures.

Which of the following statements correctly explain the structural similarities shown in diagrams A and B?
I. Structural similarities in diagram A are primarily due to random mutations, not common ancestry.
II. Structural similarities in diagram B are due to the fact that they both perform similar functions.
III. Diagram A depicts analogous structures, and diagram B depicts homologous structures.

  What sequence of events t-:p5pm j:thv usually occur during the process of speciation?

  Triticum monococcum is an einkorn wheat and was the first domesticated cdy1 nxynqd xp1(wkhr6w7 9x60hqpt1* rop. It has a diploid number of 14 chromosomes. Triticum turgidum is a durum wheat with a total of 28 chromosom q xt(dwkx9p 11qhy*1h0n x67rnyd p6wes. It is a result of the hybridization of Triticum monococcum and another grass Aegilops speltoides which also has a diploid number of 14. What is the correct term for Triticum turgidum in comparison to Triticum monococcum?

  It is thought that the congo river divided a population of the common ancezl 9v+c zv nuc(z923bastor of bonobos (Pan paniscus) and chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes), resulting in geogu(c 9zc+n 29z abvl3zvraphic isolation. Which correctly pairs theoretical selection pressures and consequent adaptations of the two populations?

  Which of the following provides evidence wj)oqpccx9ot p)6c 26 for evolution through selective breeding? c9pc)q wo6 opx2) 6tjc
I. Phenotypic variation in the domesticated dog (Canis familiaris) has increased significantly as a result of humans selecting desirable traits.
II. Crop yield in domesticated crop plants is significantly greater than their wild relatives.
III. Homo sapiens in many parts of the world have alleles that provide resistance to diseases endemic to their region.

  The base sequence between two sim 9r7 hbsd+.species was found to be 78% the same, while the order o issh+bmr97 d.f amino acids found in the same cell types between two species was 82% the same. What may be the reason for this?

  When a horse, which has 64 chromosoj0o.ptnct1dmgc ,n3 oq0ja.3 mes, and a donkey, which has 62 chromosomes reproduce, a mule offspring is produced. Which are corre3ma,o o3cc. pd1 j. n0t0jgqtnct descriptions of mules?

I. Mules frequently produce offspring with other mules.
II. Cells in mules cannot undergo meiosis but can undergo mitosis.
III. Mule gametes have 63 chromosomes.

A study has been conducted on the effect of hormonal contraception pollutio pwt8t ;3u)/twb,htben on the mating calls of the adult male African clawed frog (Xenopus wtthw) eu/tb3b ;t8 p,laevis). The spectrogram shows the frequency and volume of clicks (mating call) of control X.laevis and those exposed to oestrogen.


1.Distinguish between the clicks in the spectrogram between the control X. laevis and the X. laevis treated with oestrogen in 1 second.

The graph shows the average duration of the X. laevis mating calls when exposed to the hormone oestrogen.


2.Describe the effect of oestrogen on the duration of the mating call.

3.Explain why it is important to have the X.laevis control group.

4.Identify the independent variable in this study.

5.1.Predict the reproductive success of X.laevis exposed to 29.6 ng/L of oestrogen.
5.2.Outline the possible consequences of oestrogen exposure on X. laevis.

  What is adaptive radiamzn,o-3l nx 8iyn i:dsv4.tksd4( l3ition?

  Which statement best illusz ( o1k2cv(;m tl;me 5xs9p ziqpu0y( s1yx5yxtrates the process of evolution?

  Two species of smartwqfw(lub5n*cetd 9* .y eed (genus Persicaria) hybridise and form a new species. If both of the parent species have two copies of each chromosome, how many copies of each chromosome is a daughter species most* ubec*w.5q9d ft(lyn likely to have?

1.Compare and contrast natural selection and selective breedingglh -woit5w:/.

2.Using a named example, outline convergent evolution.

3.Using named examples, discuss the evidence which supports the theory of evolution.

1.Outline how polypl* 4h g2wnedh,eoidy results in reproductive isolation.

2.Discuss the evidence for the theories of gradualism and punctuated equilibrium.

3.Explain the reasons for changes in allele frequency in different populations.

  Which is most likely a correct description ubcxbll9sv+o/h9 )/ ) d( qubxof a given speciation event?

  The diagram below shows the feeding areas of c* ik9prz0.yffour species of warbler (genus Setophaga). What is the best explanation for how these warblers came to co c*9rzi0f.ypkexist in such close proximity?

1.Adaptive radiation results in a single a51*soqggw8i4.bx0l1 c s serrncestral species evolving into multiple, closely related new species which may live in close proximity to each other. Outline 3 mechanisms by which closely related species living in close gc *gss08 lxb15 oewq.r4isr1 proximity may be reproductively isolated.

2.Outline the process by which two species may be formed from an ancestral population through the process of allopatric speciation.

3.Describe how sexual and asexual reproduction can lead to the formation of new species with different numbers of copies of each chromosome.