The diagram shows the haploid number of chromosomes in a gamete. What couhc2inu:7r j e4ld be the polyploid number of chromosomes n2hi7rjuc:e4 for this organism?

  The overall structure of the fin of a whale, in terms of b/q-weph stxk)bk1*.swi q 3,fones and muscles, is similar to the overaf /.- ibsq*xthk wwq,psk)3e1 ll structure of the limb of horses. What are these structures referred to as?

  Which of the following is the strongest evidence supporting the hypothesisky,kj 7d3kb; q that two populationsk kb ,dq37j;yk are two different species?

The male firefly (P. pyralis) signals to poa +v5 :5u7vpgflu2uw btential female mates by flashing its lights in speb a:pvvfg2+5 5u7 uluwcific patterns. Females will only respond to light patterns produced by their own species.

1.Identify the form of reproductive isolation that fireflies exhibit. Justify your answer.

2.Suggest one possible advantage of this mating ritual.

3.All fireflies seen today have diverged from the same ancestral species. Explain how speciation is responsible for the large variety of firefly species.

  What can result in speciation among organisms b 9di:ip-xjlzabk -j*-i5h 5n living in the same location?

  Which describes the similarities and differences between isolating+.w+rx8pikxcd9r zi7 mechanisms in sympatric and allo r9 pircz8k 7+xx.idw+patric speciation?

  Which of the following are oeh6p,n:1p tzj;/crn dften barriers to hybridisation between species?
I. A given animal hybrid species has an even, as opposed to an odd number of chromosomes.
II. Two species of flowering plants produce gametes at different times of the year.
III. Behavioural barriers exist due to variations in bird song between species.

  Which is a key difference between homologous and analogo,w2 cf9txqv z:us structures?

  The table shows factorsfo.)x6rn 5sz1 gb,oe-nl+ opw that can result in speciation. Which word is matched to the correct definitio bn e -nz)o1xrgs5wl6.+,pfoon?

  Shown in diagrams A and B are;a 1bvq t ,1wr2:fdjum two pairs of similar structures.

Which of the following statements correctly explain the structural similarities shown in diagrams A and B?
I. Structural similarities in diagram A are primarily due to random mutations, not common ancestry.
II. Structural similarities in diagram B are due to the fact that they both perform similar functions.
III. Diagram A depicts analogous structures, and diagram B depicts homologous structures.

  What sequence of events 8fdt sjc/a5qw50gg lzq 4w2 j7usually occur during the process of speciation?

  Triticum monococcum is an einkorn wheat and was the first domesticated crop. o;to: l 0w75x4khq:,y ntypxjs/s a5oIt has a diploid number of 14 ,o /qph: skno5 5o;lsa7j4yxtyxw :0tchromosomes. Triticum turgidum is a durum wheat with a total of 28 chromosomes. It is a result of the hybridization of Triticum monococcum and another grass Aegilops speltoides which also has a diploid number of 14. What is the correct term for Triticum turgidum in comparison to Triticum monococcum?

  It is thought that the congo rivpjx w(ip;r+-scqqs88t0s cs ;er divided a population of the common ancestor of bonobos (Pa+8j0 psqcc8rs-w(tqs;xs ; ipn paniscus) and chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes), resulting in geographic isolation. Which correctly pairs theoretical selection pressures and consequent adaptations of the two populations?

  Which of the following provides evidence for evolution througdv+ jd e8e z.nns)v-5gh selective breeding? g dsv-.v n5en8)e+jzd
I. Phenotypic variation in the domesticated dog (Canis familiaris) has increased significantly as a result of humans selecting desirable traits.
II. Crop yield in domesticated crop plants is significantly greater than their wild relatives.
III. Homo sapiens in many parts of the world have alleles that provide resistance to diseases endemic to their region.

  The base sequence between two species was found to be 78% dp1l/l7lawqr86 b 6aq the same, while the order of amino acids found in the same cell types between two species was 82% the same. What maydl7w8ql1rb alq pa 66/ be the reason for this?

  When a horse, which has 64 chromosomes, and a donkey,g6weq.)qqzj mt k7z 9, which has 62 chromosomes reproduce, a mule offspring is produced. wjg7zm.eqtqk),z q69 Which are correct descriptions of mules?

I. Mules frequently produce offspring with other mules.
II. Cells in mules cannot undergo meiosis but can undergo mitosis.
III. Mule gametes have 63 chromosomes.

A study has been condkdt12wesn159o w yuq0ucted on the effect of hormonal contraception pollution on the mating calls of the adult male African clawed frog (Xenopus9 5uqsnt1 2koew0 w1yd laevis). The spectrogram shows the frequency and volume of clicks (mating call) of control X.laevis and those exposed to oestrogen.


1.Distinguish between the clicks in the spectrogram between the control X. laevis and the X. laevis treated with oestrogen in 1 second.

The graph shows the average duration of the X. laevis mating calls when exposed to the hormone oestrogen.


2.Describe the effect of oestrogen on the duration of the mating call.

3.Explain why it is important to have the X.laevis control group.

4.Identify the independent variable in this study.

5.1.Predict the reproductive success of X.laevis exposed to 29.6 ng/L of oestrogen.
5.2.Outline the possible consequences of oestrogen exposure on X. laevis.

  What is adaptive radiation? msx lnx 8p3plya-247u

  Which statement best illustrates the process of evolution?yu 8n:j,5aakp

  Two species of smartw.d7xbr0 m6xhh0o ob4g eed (genus Persicaria) hybridise and form a new species. If both of the parent species have two copies of each chromosome, how many copiexoborm h04 .ghd6 0b7xs of each chromosome is a daughter species most likely to have?

1.Compare and contrast natural selection and selb,s q.i +vbym8ective breeding.

2.Using a named example, outline convergent evolution.

3.Using named examples, discuss the evidence which supports the theory of evolution.

1.Outline how polyploidy result 57hd7n20npca4 g:a fzb*z mias in reproductive isolation.

2.Discuss the evidence for the theories of gradualism and punctuated equilibrium.

3.Explain the reasons for changes in allele frequency in different populations.

  Which is most likely a c /:um 6i 2;tprgu,oeceorrect description of a given speciation event?

  The diagram below shows the feeding areas of four sp fgfx5)xaie)gp3n/ w5 ecies of warbler (genus Setophaga). What is the best explanation for how these warblers came to coexist in such w)g3ifp f /5x)a xge5nclose proximity?

1.Adaptive radiation results in a sj 3-u7qhnfg 2d w.) qaogu4tq:ingle ancestral species evolving into multiple, closely related new species which may live 3q7nq udgqoh:4fw - u)2t.gaj in close proximity to each other. Outline 3 mechanisms by which closely related species living in close proximity may be reproductively isolated.

2.Outline the process by which two species may be formed from an ancestral population through the process of allopatric speciation.

3.Describe how sexual and asexual reproduction can lead to the formation of new species with different numbers of copies of each chromosome.