The diagram shows the haploid number of chromosomes i7 .-uhg rgecl k,ab)y6n a gamete. What could be the polyploid number of chromosomes for this67 lkgb)hca .y- rgu,e organism?

  The overall structure of the fin of a whale, in terms of bones and mew2h/akp hx+tx1. 0ycuscles, is similar to the overall structure of ttk 1/ey+ hhawc.x02xphe limb of horses. What are these structures referred to as?

  Which of the following is the strongest evideflf 6t2slfryk/ by:8y 0 g77oonce supporting the hypothesis that two populations are two differentf fo278sb oty l gyy/6:7frl0k species?

The male firefly (P. pyralis) signavshafp4b)btli; 3u2yok- 0 0pj6e 5wmls to potential female mates by flashing its lightputj035sibm hvk ;0o-2b4w y 6el)faps in specific patterns. Females will only respond to light patterns produced by their own species.

1.Identify the form of reproductive isolation that fireflies exhibit. Justify your answer.

2.Suggest one possible advantage of this mating ritual.

3.All fireflies seen today have diverged from the same ancestral species. Explain how speciation is responsible for the large variety of firefly species.

  What can result in spelfdcqa.o 6/qabox6/ 4ciation among organisms living in the same location?

  Which describes the similarities and diffh /af3s/ujsc g-u0 k2cerences between isolating mechanisms in sympatric and allop j ua2gs0k/fsh-u3c/c atric speciation?

  Which of the following are often barriers to hybridisation between spec h-kb6 al i bt*gd*lppy(s*:5jies?
I. A given animal hybrid species has an even, as opposed to an odd number of chromosomes.
II. Two species of flowering plants produce gametes at different times of the year.
III. Behavioural barriers exist due to variations in bird song between species.

  Which is a key difference aqv fb7 fevy4kem/ g:+0m 8bt+between homologous and analogous structures?

  The table shows factors dj2xwsdr o);b;o ;95 ast9oixthat can result in speciation. Which word is matched to the d;i2odoxj;t x9rs aob5)9 ;ws correct definition?

  Shown in diagrams A and B are two pairs of similar structures.51b+y ep 6rf3t5m z7rkqxcod;* gcggok11z-r

Which of the following statements correctly explain the structural similarities shown in diagrams A and B?
I. Structural similarities in diagram A are primarily due to random mutations, not common ancestry.
II. Structural similarities in diagram B are due to the fact that they both perform similar functions.
III. Diagram A depicts analogous structures, and diagram B depicts homologous structures.

  What sequence of events usually occur during the process of speciatil6 k2zvol i3f bbuf;7b 5:leq6on?

  Triticum monococcum is an einkorn wheat and was tr xd3vq4 7n*fvkn3g6 fhe first domesticated crop. It has a diploid number of 14 chromosomes. Triticum turgidum is a durum wheat with a total of 28 chromosomes. It is a result of the hybridization of Triticum monococcum and another grass Aegilops speltoides which also has a dip 7fd kx6vr3 f*g3nn4vqloid number of 14. What is the correct term for Triticum turgidum in comparison to Triticum monococcum?

  It is thought that the congo river divided a population of the common ancesvjx-l/uoa: 1/)nlp j utor of bonobos (Pan paniscus) and chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes), resulting in geographic isolation. Wh/ln- :avpuuo/1 )jl jxich correctly pairs theoretical selection pressures and consequent adaptations of the two populations?

  Which of the following provides evidence for evolution through sele-+iou,z ys q6mctive breeding? -s 6+,iuyz qmo
I. Phenotypic variation in the domesticated dog (Canis familiaris) has increased significantly as a result of humans selecting desirable traits.
II. Crop yield in domesticated crop plants is significantly greater than their wild relatives.
III. Homo sapiens in many parts of the world have alleles that provide resistance to diseases endemic to their region.

  The base sequence between two species was found to be 78% the same, 0- hmzv41q:t:m*xlnlqx re,hwhile the order of amino acids found in the same cell typesr ,z x0xt1:l-*hm: elh4mqvnq between two species was 82% the same. What may be the reason for this?

  When a horse, which has 64 chromosomes, and a donkey, which has 62 chromosomes rdjxb/vt2+kroyg +9 ytxe1 s/. /xs1vdb+/y g9ty rxo2et .+kjeproduce, a mule offspring is produced. Which are correct descriptions of mules?

I. Mules frequently produce offspring with other mules.
II. Cells in mules cannot undergo meiosis but can undergo mitosis.
III. Mule gametes have 63 chromosomes.

A study has been conducted on the effect of hormonal contraception pollutionkgrww zj,,x b//izi7 ,ls)q0kt )fb5p on the mating calls of the adult male Afgbfw kk,pqj,wz )0,l)szi 5/x7 bi/trrican clawed frog (Xenopus laevis). The spectrogram shows the frequency and volume of clicks (mating call) of control X.laevis and those exposed to oestrogen.


1.Distinguish between the clicks in the spectrogram between the control X. laevis and the X. laevis treated with oestrogen in 1 second.

The graph shows the average duration of the X. laevis mating calls when exposed to the hormone oestrogen.


2.Describe the effect of oestrogen on the duration of the mating call.

3.Explain why it is important to have the X.laevis control group.

4.Identify the independent variable in this study.

5.1.Predict the reproductive success of X.laevis exposed to 29.6 ng/L of oestrogen.
5.2.Outline the possible consequences of oestrogen exposure on X. laevis.

  What is adaptive radz rfkqb)+:4tp 2ed,t, je 6jmkiation?

  Which statement best illustrates the iw7; wkglv3 2kfi+7wtprocess of evolution?

  Two species of smartweed (genus Persicaria) hybridise and form a hx mjtg9 57j 6(.p/zeeuml kp5new species. If both of the parent species have two copies of each chromosome, how many copies of. 5t pxuljg6mp 7h mezj/k5(9e each chromosome is a daughter species most likely to have?

1.Compare and contrast natural selecg4f:.4t vmrbr3oy5ods e m0 u3tion and selective breeding.

2.Using a named example, outline convergent evolution.

3.Using named examples, discuss the evidence which supports the theory of evolution.

1.Outline how polyploidy results*p- h4i q,sgqh*yzzh 5gni,8s in reproductive isolation.

2.Discuss the evidence for the theories of gradualism and punctuated equilibrium.

3.Explain the reasons for changes in allele frequency in different populations.

  Which is most likely a correu egw sw1li8jf(z0 y66xzt 1:pct description of a given speciation event?

  The diagram below shows the feeding areas)i qufr83-vb y of four species of warbler (genus Setophaga). What is the best explanatbrq- uf)8iv3y ion for how these warblers came to coexist in such close proximity?

1.Adaptive radiation results in a skkaaur( t16d9 ingle ancestral species evolving into multiple, closely related new species which may live in close proximity to each other. Outline 3 mechanisms by which closely related species living in close proximity may be reproda6t1d u(k9rkauctively isolated.

2.Outline the process by which two species may be formed from an ancestral population through the process of allopatric speciation.

3.Describe how sexual and asexual reproduction can lead to the formation of new species with different numbers of copies of each chromosome.