The diagram shows the haploid number .ef6ci k76). ybxrmorof chromosomes in a gamete. What could be the polyploid number of chromosomes for this organis icy).e76rx 6mfrok b.m?

  The overall structure of the fin of a whale, inlbpy8 qpdl1. w 33khv9 terms of bones and muscles, is similar to the overall structure of the l 9bphldqp1.3y 3lvw 8kimb of horses. What are these structures referred to as?

  Which of the following is the strongest evgcocu/.:qamu7 0h l 0qidence supporting the hypothesis that tw . :ocm7uq/ 0gq0hucalo populations are two different species?

The male firefly (P. pyralis) signals to potential female mates by flashing it.34fip7owe(/awxh q e s lights in sp.3f 7owae(ewh4pxi q/ecific patterns. Females will only respond to light patterns produced by their own species.

1.Identify the form of reproductive isolation that fireflies exhibit. Justify your answer.

2.Suggest one possible advantage of this mating ritual.

3.All fireflies seen today have diverged from the same ancestral species. Explain how speciation is responsible for the large variety of firefly species.

  What can result in speciation among organisms living in the same loca*/ tiu;dqs,r,/llwxe tion?

  Which describes the similarities and differences between isolat)j2 -d:w omp.c7ozu yuing mechanisms in sympatric any)dj o7p2u u .-wmc:zod allopatric speciation?

  Which of the following are often barriers to hybridisation *2amo b41+xduqwb(i) 7wvigk between species?
I. A given animal hybrid species has an even, as opposed to an odd number of chromosomes.
II. Two species of flowering plants produce gametes at different times of the year.
III. Behavioural barriers exist due to variations in bird song between species.

  Which is a key difference between homolog(ztesbg6n7 *9ywy- 4xg-oct rul1r3k 3wn- qf ous and analogous structures?

  The table shows factors that can result in spvzk395cf :tpnw 3wpl3eciation. Which word is matched to the correct definpf3kw pn5:3 z 9tv3lwcition?

  Shown in diagrams A and qk/fzryalxi.pg9 +- 5id n su 9icc5)5B are two pairs of similar structures.

Which of the following statements correctly explain the structural similarities shown in diagrams A and B?
I. Structural similarities in diagram A are primarily due to random mutations, not common ancestry.
II. Structural similarities in diagram B are due to the fact that they both perform similar functions.
III. Diagram A depicts analogous structures, and diagram B depicts homologous structures.

  What sequence of events usually occur during the pobo 4e6: yjjc26xx+b srocess of speciation?

  Triticum monococcum is an w1bszp3 (y3;5d zpps2ik 79 w3 icmsvoxm.en7einkorn wheat and was the first domesticated crop. It has a diploid number of 14 chromosomes. Triticum turgidum is a durum wheat with a total of 28 chromosomes. It is a result of the hybridization of Triticum monococcum and another grass Aegilops speltoides which also has a diploid number of 14. What is the correct term for Tritb3m cz3m.xdk53 7v;7snp ysspwi2iozpw e19( icum turgidum in comparison to Triticum monococcum?

  It is thought that the congo river dividm sqbws4 o15w(ed a population of the common ancestor of bonobos (Pan paniscus) and chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes), resulting in geographic isolation. Which correctly pairs theoretical selection pressures and consequent adaptations of th4qw(bsom1 sw5e two populations?

  Which of the following prx e6ii zwf/n/7fp9fge-sh(g *ovides evidence for evolution through selective breedingg fezfi/ x -wh if6s(/n9pe7*g?
I. Phenotypic variation in the domesticated dog (Canis familiaris) has increased significantly as a result of humans selecting desirable traits.
II. Crop yield in domesticated crop plants is significantly greater than their wild relatives.
III. Homo sapiens in many parts of the world have alleles that provide resistance to diseases endemic to their region.

  The base sequence between two el.7yth*;g 2 .eeiguu species was found to be 78% the same, while the order of amino acids found in the same cell typg.i y.7tu2h; eeu*egl es between two species was 82% the same. What may be the reason for this?

  When a horse, which has 64 chromosomes, and a donkey, whichtk+tqmha ;2 feczz5 /- has 62 chromosomes reproduce, a mule offspr- /qm+5ahefzc;tk 2zt ing is produced. Which are correct descriptions of mules?

I. Mules frequently produce offspring with other mules.
II. Cells in mules cannot undergo meiosis but can undergo mitosis.
III. Mule gametes have 63 chromosomes.

A study has been conducted o s( q1il7mm.pf ;ge(ckn the effect of hormonal contraception pollution on the mating calls of the adult male African clawed frog (Xenopus laevis). The spectrogram shows the frequency and volume;c(pmk1.milfg e s (q7 of clicks (mating call) of control X.laevis and those exposed to oestrogen.


1.Distinguish between the clicks in the spectrogram between the control X. laevis and the X. laevis treated with oestrogen in 1 second.

The graph shows the average duration of the X. laevis mating calls when exposed to the hormone oestrogen.


2.Describe the effect of oestrogen on the duration of the mating call.

3.Explain why it is important to have the X.laevis control group.

4.Identify the independent variable in this study.

5.1.Predict the reproductive success of X.laevis exposed to 29.6 ng/L of oestrogen.
5.2.Outline the possible consequences of oestrogen exposure on X. laevis.

  What is adaptive radiationa6-q8a sj:myk ?

  Which statement best illustrates the processbo(bh s,oj moy6/od m/g(zxou.17 1bf of evolution?

  Two species of smartweed (genug3urmj1 7 .rgh vh 7ra/f/x8vcm 78ymts Persicaria) hybridise and form a new species. If both of the parent species have two copies of each chromosome, how many copies of each chromosome is a daughter species moscrh71gmvgm7ft/8r 7j 8xm uya3h. /rvt likely to have?

1.Compare and contrast natural seleyvf ;6etry93 5kx.pbw ction and selective breeding.

2.Using a named example, outline convergent evolution.

3.Using named examples, discuss the evidence which supports the theory of evolution.

1.Outline how polyploidy results in reproductive isolau 13d2fvauxsb8j- i/p tion.

2.Discuss the evidence for the theories of gradualism and punctuated equilibrium.

3.Explain the reasons for changes in allele frequency in different populations.

  Which is most likely a corrt 15hdc yiq5o9ect description of a given speciation event?

  The diagram below shows the feeding areas of four species of warbl*whcwr 45-gfy er (genus Setophaga). What is the best *w gr5 cwhf-y4explanation for how these warblers came to coexist in such close proximity?

1.Adaptive radiation results in a single ancestral speciesxa g-fatd9emw 515:2 znvfmr7 evolving into multiple, closely related new species which may live in close proximity to each other. Outline 3 mechanisms by which closely related species living in close p gwatf9mv :ex15 75mnfa -dr2zroximity may be reproductively isolated.

2.Outline the process by which two species may be formed from an ancestral population through the process of allopatric speciation.

3.Describe how sexual and asexual reproduction can lead to the formation of new species with different numbers of copies of each chromosome.