The diagram shows the haploid number opzgehpomh04,d8 4j52 fw4a jp f chromosomes in a gamete. What could be the polyploid number of chromosome48 hjj,gofpa524ezpwp4d hm0 s for this organism?

  The overall structure of the finu9lz9m m0qe a1 of a whale, in terms of bones and muscles, is similar to the overall structure of the limb of horses. What are these strqe9m 0ul 19zamuctures referred to as?

  Which of the following i;v9 5cbxkxwxt ,n .gg3-ptqe( +d5p vjs the strongest evidence supporting the hypothesis that two popu.kgbt -px;,xdj(59 txcvnwq5ep+v3g lations are two different species?

The male firefly (P. pyrs); ew.hj6dygypo d8 r2/s se,alis) signals to potential female mates by flashing its ligh;es.gwp8),sdys r y2eod /j6hts in specific patterns. Females will only respond to light patterns produced by their own species.

1.Identify the form of reproductive isolation that fireflies exhibit. Justify your answer.

2.Suggest one possible advantage of this mating ritual.

3.All fireflies seen today have diverged from the same ancestral species. Explain how speciation is responsible for the large variety of firefly species.

  What can result in speciation among organisms livinjfqo pn 5/5e/mnu+k4 xg in the same location?

  Which describes the similarities and differehkdi, 9nw.eis4 xey c6+k)(kll v( vf36yy 2xnnces between isolating mechanisms in sympatriv nls+yie2v (y4 ),9xyhndklkk6. ic(63fexwc and allopatric speciation?

  Which of the following are often barriers to hybridisati;w/ivcg) ;yvx - fou 2mhs45aion between species?
I. A given animal hybrid species has an even, as opposed to an odd number of chromosomes.
II. Two species of flowering plants produce gametes at different times of the year.
III. Behavioural barriers exist due to variations in bird song between species.

  Which is a key difference between homologous and analogous ssa q:6ibl.i n1tructures?

  The table shows factors that can result in speciation. Which word21e373 dzqy)zvpmbcw is matched to the correm2qz3zpdw7)c1y 3 ebvct definition?

  Shown in diagrams A and B are tdjr)vrr94p 0 qwo pairs of similar structures.

Which of the following statements correctly explain the structural similarities shown in diagrams A and B?
I. Structural similarities in diagram A are primarily due to random mutations, not common ancestry.
II. Structural similarities in diagram B are due to the fact that they both perform similar functions.
III. Diagram A depicts analogous structures, and diagram B depicts homologous structures.

  What sequence of events usuallcosylh m9/* g71 axf/ny occur during the process of speciation?

  Triticum monococcum is an einkorn wheat and w, +(e/wj 2sr hnloib3fas the first domesticated crop. It has a diploid number of 14 chromosomes. Triticum turgidum is a durum wheat with a total of 28 chromosomes. It is a result of the hybridization of Triticum monococcum and another grass Aegilops speltoides which also has a diploid number of 14. What is the correct term for Triticum turgidum in comparison to Triticum monocs wr /if ,j3(2elb+hnooccum?

  It is thought that the congo river divided3 tse3,vb :)qk obp2a.1;lkmffbq d-j a population of the common ancestor of bonobos (Pan paniscus) and chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes), resulting in geographic isolation. Which correctly pqmjads 3p2:-3, lbqf e1bo)vk ;tfk.bairs theoretical selection pressures and consequent adaptations of the two populations?

  Which of the following provides evidence for evolution through selective breed *ny6f) q(ind e ct7zrv+), ni9i** qtoe*nwzning+ f69nnqn (t7 n vztidnoyee*q *wcz))ri*i* ,?
I. Phenotypic variation in the domesticated dog (Canis familiaris) has increased significantly as a result of humans selecting desirable traits.
II. Crop yield in domesticated crop plants is significantly greater than their wild relatives.
III. Homo sapiens in many parts of the world have alleles that provide resistance to diseases endemic to their region.

  The base sequence between two species was found to be 78% u8la rmx+b 3v1the same, while the order of amino bu3 1axlm r8v+acids found in the same cell types between two species was 82% the same. What may be the reason for this?

  When a horse, which has 64 chromosomes, and a donkey, which hajyl7 bhn9xb8epkm.(7m;y/)i roh/zts 62 chromosomes reproduce, a mule offspring is produced. Which are correct descijtbe7 x(/ y/ yhb)9k;o 8n. mzlmhpr7riptions of mules?

I. Mules frequently produce offspring with other mules.
II. Cells in mules cannot undergo meiosis but can undergo mitosis.
III. Mule gametes have 63 chromosomes.

A study has been conducted on *e1kfzhcpc1ip1 r;(x the effect of hormonal contraception pollution on the mating calls of the adult male African clawed fro 1p(;zchpfkeix1rc 1*g (Xenopus laevis). The spectrogram shows the frequency and volume of clicks (mating call) of control X.laevis and those exposed to oestrogen.


1.Distinguish between the clicks in the spectrogram between the control X. laevis and the X. laevis treated with oestrogen in 1 second.

The graph shows the average duration of the X. laevis mating calls when exposed to the hormone oestrogen.


2.Describe the effect of oestrogen on the duration of the mating call.

3.Explain why it is important to have the X.laevis control group.

4.Identify the independent variable in this study.

5.1.Predict the reproductive success of X.laevis exposed to 29.6 ng/L of oestrogen.
5.2.Outline the possible consequences of oestrogen exposure on X. laevis.

  What is adaptive radiatixs h29*ia;hgq, fzqdw863wymon?

  Which statement best illustrates the process of evon6d mprp(03onv r1 nzr 4b/z/vlution?

  Two species of smartweed ol1nx2a p hb-l2d6n;e (genus Persicaria) hybridise and form a new species. If both of the parent species have two copies of each chromosome, how many copies of each chromosome is a daughter species most likely to havop2h enlb;a-d n61l2 xe?

1.Compare and contrast natural selection and selective bre .9 8* vr.y-odbdtesaeeding.

2.Using a named example, outline convergent evolution.

3.Using named examples, discuss the evidence which supports the theory of evolution.

1.Outline how polyploidli.f 06jr.w89 oo qbm1zlbuy+y results in reproductive isolation.

2.Discuss the evidence for the theories of gradualism and punctuated equilibrium.

3.Explain the reasons for changes in allele frequency in different populations.

  Which is most likely a correct description of a given speciation eve 56ntxu:k+xrknt?

  The diagram below shows the feeding areas obu x sj/8dc0*qg3m ny6f four species of warbler (genus Setophaga). What is the best explanation for how these warblers came to coexist in such qd0 y u3c g/mnxj*s8b6close proximity?

1.Adaptive radiation results in a single ancestral1;hai7 sig, l/zydyd9 species evolving into multiple, closely rel / 1yhdza97giyl,di s;ated new species which may live in close proximity to each other. Outline 3 mechanisms by which closely related species living in close proximity may be reproductively isolated.

2.Outline the process by which two species may be formed from an ancestral population through the process of allopatric speciation.

3.Describe how sexual and asexual reproduction can lead to the formation of new species with different numbers of copies of each chromosome.