The diagram shows the haploid number of chromosomeem.97z j)om cis in a gamete. What could be the polyploid number of chromosomes for th )7j9moi.emzc is organism?

  The overall structure of the fin of a whale, in terms of bk 0kc0r cwx-w78ir4npones and muscles, is similar to the overall structurprnk0xw c-ri40 w7k8c e of the limb of horses. What are these structures referred to as?

  Which of the following is the strongest evid)psm /48s yzf qv;k3 na1jp)naence supporting the hypothesis that two populations are two differ1/f )qv48zpkma;3 s pnjas ny)ent species?

The male firefly (P. pyralis) signals to potentit9e +u9mevg- gal female mates by flashing its lights in specific patterns. Females will mtg9- vguee+9 only respond to light patterns produced by their own species.

1.Identify the form of reproductive isolation that fireflies exhibit. Justify your answer.

2.Suggest one possible advantage of this mating ritual.

3.All fireflies seen today have diverged from the same ancestral species. Explain how speciation is responsible for the large variety of firefly species.

  What can result in speciation among organisms living in the same lovz2 lirod-( 3wcation?

  Which describes the similarities and diff1fgo (l iyxo6vb(n7s +erences between isolating mechanisms in sympatric and gl(7+v b(6oysn1ixfo allopatric speciation?

  Which of the following are often barriers to hy0b ;s8so2orey bridisation between species?
I. A given animal hybrid species has an even, as opposed to an odd number of chromosomes.
II. Two species of flowering plants produce gametes at different times of the year.
III. Behavioural barriers exist due to variations in bird song between species.

  Which is a key difference between homologous and analogousl8 )(j1uv3lxumx sv1ll3;fyc structures?

  The table shows factors that can result in speciationm*rcp-/7oa qo . Which word is matched to the correct definiamc* q-7 poro/tion?

  Shown in diagrams A and B are two pairs of simi(p .s((h gr 6miuf-ddu9sf8tmlar structures.

Which of the following statements correctly explain the structural similarities shown in diagrams A and B?
I. Structural similarities in diagram A are primarily due to random mutations, not common ancestry.
II. Structural similarities in diagram B are due to the fact that they both perform similar functions.
III. Diagram A depicts analogous structures, and diagram B depicts homologous structures.

  What sequence of events usually occur during the process occ(f7/kbxbso8/ 6 vjff speciation?

  Triticum monococcum is an einkorn wheat and was the fifs1f8)o:ndl xml .9j-h.jyjv exy- h4rst domesticated crop. It has a diploid number of 14 chromosomes. Triticum turgidum is a durum wheat with a total of 28 xlnho. l:.-s 1j8m-jjey)hd fy94fxvchromosomes. It is a result of the hybridization of Triticum monococcum and another grass Aegilops speltoides which also has a diploid number of 14. What is the correct term for Triticum turgidum in comparison to Triticum monococcum?

  It is thought that the congo river divided a po*q pis0 t-(lp8fcno 0npulation of the common ancestor of bonobos (Pan paniscus) and chimpanzees (c-qn i 0tf*8spnlo(p 0Pan troglodytes), resulting in geographic isolation. Which correctly pairs theoretical selection pressures and consequent adaptations of the two populations?

  Which of the following provides evgy b*ct*0ek :iidence for evolution through selective breedin0gcit *y ebk:*g?
I. Phenotypic variation in the domesticated dog (Canis familiaris) has increased significantly as a result of humans selecting desirable traits.
II. Crop yield in domesticated crop plants is significantly greater than their wild relatives.
III. Homo sapiens in many parts of the world have alleles that provide resistance to diseases endemic to their region.

  The base sequence between two specieo u (u73agmzawv+*u8h wc a dh267hyk1s was found to be 78% the same, while the order of amino acids found in thehac6z+ao v 2uguw h*u k3d7 ma178y(hw same cell types between two species was 82% the same. What may be the reason for this?

  When a horse, which has 64 chr,a4ef:en 7fb7 m v3sqvomosomes, and a donkey, which has 62 chromosomes reproduce, a mule offspring is produced. Which are corree7b3 vfq:ms a, v74nfect descriptions of mules?

I. Mules frequently produce offspring with other mules.
II. Cells in mules cannot undergo meiosis but can undergo mitosis.
III. Mule gametes have 63 chromosomes.

A study has been conducted onie0b m gj2w y0td6y3u2 the effect of hormonal contraception pollution on the mating calls of the adult male African clawed frog (Xenopus laevis). The spectrogram shows the frequency and volume of clicks (mating call) of control X.laevis and those exposed to oestrogen0j 206y3td iygbu2 ewm.


1.Distinguish between the clicks in the spectrogram between the control X. laevis and the X. laevis treated with oestrogen in 1 second.

The graph shows the average duration of the X. laevis mating calls when exposed to the hormone oestrogen.


2.Describe the effect of oestrogen on the duration of the mating call.

3.Explain why it is important to have the X.laevis control group.

4.Identify the independent variable in this study.

5.1.Predict the reproductive success of X.laevis exposed to 29.6 ng/L of oestrogen.
5.2.Outline the possible consequences of oestrogen exposure on X. laevis.

  What is adaptive radiation? s,uo8te4jx,ux9 s/ aj

  Which statement best illustrates the process ok76iohg ja6p8f evolution?

  Two species of smartweed (genus Persicaria) hybridise and form a pndbjnho6; 5l m;,-b/+ysuxsnew species. If both of the parent species have two copies of each chromosom bjsh;uxbonp m,;/yd s+6l5-ne, how many copies of each chromosome is a daughter species most likely to have?

1.Compare and contrast natural selection and selective breew*elmb ly,hbj. zd.1g1 tw7m;ding.

2.Using a named example, outline convergent evolution.

3.Using named examples, discuss the evidence which supports the theory of evolution.

1.Outline how polyploidy results in reproductive isolati)x(+zcv da +okon.

2.Discuss the evidence for the theories of gradualism and punctuated equilibrium.

3.Explain the reasons for changes in allele frequency in different populations.

  Which is most likely a corren0 08p.q w * ynl;b:jw+p1pqwfbc6q nect description of a given speciation event?

  The diagram below shows the feeding areas of four specie 9+vd-gvv iyg912mvlas of warbler (genus Setophaga). What is the best explanation for how these warbleri2 vg-y vlg+a991 vmdvs came to coexist in such close proximity?

1.Adaptive radiation results in a single ancestral specr,t ;wbc-l,/mcum is 0ies evolving into multiple, closely re0c,i tmwu s-mc/rb,;llated new species which may live in close proximity to each other. Outline 3 mechanisms by which closely related species living in close proximity may be reproductively isolated.

2.Outline the process by which two species may be formed from an ancestral population through the process of allopatric speciation.

3.Describe how sexual and asexual reproduction can lead to the formation of new species with different numbers of copies of each chromosome.