The diagram shows the haploid number of chromosomes in a gamete. Wha rc;j 5 mcbftlp u.:)1jke.c/0f+ajaat could be the polyplol/frb.:0cea;j f+ct . u5 c)mjpajk1aid number of chromosomes for this organism?

  The overall structursgn*(l+ c7l/a* n +yhj0lvbdn e of the fin of a whale, in terms of bones and muscles, is similar to the overall structure of the limb of horses. What are these structures refnjhdb/7y*+v l gca0l nsl(*+nerred to as?

  Which of the following is the wnc(7w ubvlxuxi(zd:7 e +8+m strongest evidence supporting the hypothesis that two populat8(uxcx eldwz+wunv+m7: b i (7ions are two different species?

The male firefly (P. pyralis) signalv ju4bz+kf5i 03hftc3 s to potential female mates by flashing its lights in specific patterns. Females will only responjc+h f3 u4bzf 503itkvd to light patterns produced by their own species.

1.Identify the form of reproductive isolation that fireflies exhibit. Justify your answer.

2.Suggest one possible advantage of this mating ritual.

3.All fireflies seen today have diverged from the same ancestral species. Explain how speciation is responsible for the large variety of firefly species.

  What can result in speciation among organiq31p0ywiz q( ssms living in the same location?

  Which describes the similarities and differences b8vufv9d bo2c2khgbo./2k -wietween isolating mechanisms in sympatric and adoib 2o9 /8gf2 uvh ck2vw.b-kllopatric speciation?

  Which of the following are often barriers to hybridisation5);ckuohny )s between species?
I. A given animal hybrid species has an even, as opposed to an odd number of chromosomes.
II. Two species of flowering plants produce gametes at different times of the year.
III. Behavioural barriers exist due to variations in bird song between species.

  Which is a key difference b 2o4xamp2k f8r-w:9zd/whv ns8cxk * fetween homologous and analogous structures?

  The table shows factors that can result in speciatioxrmx(i)0s fl-n. Which word is matched to the correct defi x)f(ms0ir-l xnition?

  Shown in diagrams A and B are two pairs of similar gv-+j(i ep)4 (jitm2 iq:kectstructures.

Which of the following statements correctly explain the structural similarities shown in diagrams A and B?
I. Structural similarities in diagram A are primarily due to random mutations, not common ancestry.
II. Structural similarities in diagram B are due to the fact that they both perform similar functions.
III. Diagram A depicts analogous structures, and diagram B depicts homologous structures.

  What sequence of events usually o81asx8j. yps h,vcv+x-zbeti+m- yi ;ccur during the process of speciation?

  Triticum monococcum is an einkvk. wgv.78: . hb7ac hsuvleg(orn wheat and was the first domesticated crop. It has a diploid number of 14 chromosomes. Triticum turgidum is a durum wheat with a total of 28 chromosomes. It is a result of the hybridization of Triticum monococcum and another grass Aegilops speltoides which also has a diploid number of 14. What is the correct term for Triticum turgidum in comparison to Tri g 8.bhe7.vhgcw.:lkvaus v(7 ticum monococcum?

  It is thought that the congo river divided a populaqmnx+u c +bwu e6.g.x0 yiil ets-:45ytion of the common ancestor of bonobos (Pan paniscus) and chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes), resulting in geograph+ .i c w.ly65nutse:+m 40eix-yugb xqic isolation. Which correctly pairs theoretical selection pressures and consequent adaptations of the two populations?

  Which of the following provides evidence for evolutih6h0cv8+ r7ogp*cv e hon through selective breedinec* pvc6ogh8 +0hvh 7rg?
I. Phenotypic variation in the domesticated dog (Canis familiaris) has increased significantly as a result of humans selecting desirable traits.
II. Crop yield in domesticated crop plants is significantly greater than their wild relatives.
III. Homo sapiens in many parts of the world have alleles that provide resistance to diseases endemic to their region.

  The base sequence between two species: 2 qir +f,bgi9fa3qnq was found to be 78% the same, while the order of aqabgi 3qn rf: 2,+f9iqmino acids found in the same cell types between two species was 82% the same. What may be the reason for this?

  When a horse, which has 64 chromosomes, and a donkey, which v7mj-p,3yb x4ug k4hso9add) has 62 chromosomes reproduce, a mule offspm 4-adx v 4d79,ybkou)p3jsgh ring is produced. Which are correct descriptions of mules?

I. Mules frequently produce offspring with other mules.
II. Cells in mules cannot undergo meiosis but can undergo mitosis.
III. Mule gametes have 63 chromosomes.

A study has been conducted on the e f-fv5qr 71myaffect of hormonal contraception pollution on the mating calls of the adult male African clawed frog (Xenopus laevis). The spectrogram shows the frequency and volume of clicks (mating call) of control X.laevis and those expose51r7 my-fq avfd to oestrogen.


1.Distinguish between the clicks in the spectrogram between the control X. laevis and the X. laevis treated with oestrogen in 1 second.

The graph shows the average duration of the X. laevis mating calls when exposed to the hormone oestrogen.


2.Describe the effect of oestrogen on the duration of the mating call.

3.Explain why it is important to have the X.laevis control group.

4.Identify the independent variable in this study.

5.1.Predict the reproductive success of X.laevis exposed to 29.6 ng/L of oestrogen.
5.2.Outline the possible consequences of oestrogen exposure on X. laevis.

  What is adaptive radiation?6n nv8 ln/xo.yahc3k8m z45 yt

  Which statement best illustratew6xc;71ro- (iirbmpoja bj x/ 5h38 hos the process of evolution?

  Two species of smartweed (genus Persicaria) hybridise and for nk+ dy3g3uno0m a new species. If bood+3 k0 ngnyu3th of the parent species have two copies of each chromosome, how many copies of each chromosome is a daughter species most likely to have?

1.Compare and contrast natura5c9o/jae,l:sy r vy8l l selection and selective breeding.

2.Using a named example, outline convergent evolution.

3.Using named examples, discuss the evidence which supports the theory of evolution.

1.Outline how polyploidy results in reproduc.7 -5zxg:0q+vezvt3pttxq ) ycg)ad ltive isolation.

2.Discuss the evidence for the theories of gradualism and punctuated equilibrium.

3.Explain the reasons for changes in allele frequency in different populations.

  Which is most likely a correct descr0y tzgf f8,)k1 kzn:mdl/ws1f iption of a given speciation event?

  The diagram below shows the feeding u2bz-s,qi*z 7n u we/bareas of four species of warbler (genus Setophaga). What is the best explanation for how these warblers came to coexist in such close proxi zi 7u-e*,zq wbunb2s/mity?

1.Adaptive radiation results in a single ancesrq4u 6f k8o8yetral species evolving into multiple, closely related new species which may live in close proximity to each other. Outline 3 mechanisms by which closely relatykrf68u 8eoq 4ed species living in close proximity may be reproductively isolated.

2.Outline the process by which two species may be formed from an ancestral population through the process of allopatric speciation.

3.Describe how sexual and asexual reproduction can lead to the formation of new species with different numbers of copies of each chromosome.