The diagram shows the haploid number of chromosomes in a gamete. What could be v9c 9i2a*mjjxkemq:e 0cj:e: the polyploid number of chro kq:emjei0j:9a mc2ej :v9 cx*mosomes for this organism?

  The overall structure of the fin of a whale, in terms of bonez5 g;,8rc3k;dbse:j q(ve8 drkt/zwms and muscles, is similar to the overall structure of the limb of horses. What are these std88 dz v t,s 3mberzq;er 5kwc/g(;j:kructures referred to as?

  Which of the following is the strongest evidence supporting the hypothesis tha ac9b,4l i2mxjt two populations are two different speciec,i2m4j bax9ls?

The male firefly (P. pyralis) signals to potential female m*64a0: 9d bedn: ntress-cyml ates by flashing its lights in specific patterns. Females will only respondsdn6:dae e0t*nmly:-r4bs c9 to light patterns produced by their own species.

1.Identify the form of reproductive isolation that fireflies exhibit. Justify your answer.

2.Suggest one possible advantage of this mating ritual.

3.All fireflies seen today have diverged from the same ancestral species. Explain how speciation is responsible for the large variety of firefly species.

  What can result in speciation among organisms living in the same location1 wanurli+mxag* 5.(c?

  Which describes the similar/db96g2ghe f 8ap2p buities and differences between isolating mechanisms in sympatric and allopatricpg/p 2u2 abghe 98db6f speciation?

  Which of the following a9r2u mo ,plyt17lspt,re often barriers to hybridisation between species?
I. A given animal hybrid species has an even, as opposed to an odd number of chromosomes.
II. Two species of flowering plants produce gametes at different times of the year.
III. Behavioural barriers exist due to variations in bird song between species.

  Which is a key difference betweenp ht0)vnjq) o2 v6dsl) homologous and analogous structures?

  The table shows factors thaj q86- 6fjyrfot can result in speciation. Which word is matched to the correct definitionjj6-fy oqrf 86?

  Shown in diagrams A any*s), us43ef-4q n-f nj vcudfus(fm2 d B are two pairs of similar structures.

Which of the following statements correctly explain the structural similarities shown in diagrams A and B?
I. Structural similarities in diagram A are primarily due to random mutations, not common ancestry.
II. Structural similarities in diagram B are due to the fact that they both perform similar functions.
III. Diagram A depicts analogous structures, and diagram B depicts homologous structures.

  What sequence of events usually occur during the process of speciasv0foi mh.5x 4tion?

  Triticum monococcum is an einkorn wheat and was the f;- b6o7w0djkpeexv(q irst domesticated crop. It has a diploid number of 14 chromosomes. Triticum turgidum is a durum wheat with a total of 28 chromosomes. It is a res0o vpbe(wxqd - 67e;jkult of the hybridization of Triticum monococcum and another grass Aegilops speltoides which also has a diploid number of 14. What is the correct term for Triticum turgidum in comparison to Triticum monococcum?

  It is thought that the congo river divided er+p.hmvi8 z:i/ u t(ra population of the common ancestor of bonobos (Pan paniscus) and chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes), resulting in geographic isolation. Which correctly pairs theoretical selec8r i:zph(/ u m+eitr.vtion pressures and consequent adaptations of the two populations?

  Which of the following provides evidenced7nmh: 5g p8yv e kioji3v4*n- for evolution through selective breeding * nejv:8o34mi pgiy5h-7dkn v?
I. Phenotypic variation in the domesticated dog (Canis familiaris) has increased significantly as a result of humans selecting desirable traits.
II. Crop yield in domesticated crop plants is significantly greater than their wild relatives.
III. Homo sapiens in many parts of the world have alleles that provide resistance to diseases endemic to their region.

  The base sequence between two species was f.whav.y u 3kew cl.lwzt0.,t-ound to be 78% the same, while the order of amino acids found in the same cell types between two species was 82% the same. What may be the reason f .0yvtlw lt.weh 3cwzka.-,. uor this?

  When a horse, which has 64 chromosomes, and a donkey, *+bo1 p dvwx -gtah-d7which has 62 chromosomes reproduce, a mule offspring is p7-a- dpvthg * o+d1wxbroduced. Which are correct descriptions of mules?

I. Mules frequently produce offspring with other mules.
II. Cells in mules cannot undergo meiosis but can undergo mitosis.
III. Mule gametes have 63 chromosomes.

A study has been conducc8 1slt ou5:ltted on the effect of hormonal contraception pollution on the mating calls of the adult male African clawed frog (Xenopus laevis). The spectrogram shows the frequency and volume of clicks (mating call) of control X.laevis and those exposed18tu:5l cst ol to oestrogen.


1.Distinguish between the clicks in the spectrogram between the control X. laevis and the X. laevis treated with oestrogen in 1 second.

The graph shows the average duration of the X. laevis mating calls when exposed to the hormone oestrogen.


2.Describe the effect of oestrogen on the duration of the mating call.

3.Explain why it is important to have the X.laevis control group.

4.Identify the independent variable in this study.

5.1.Predict the reproductive success of X.laevis exposed to 29.6 ng/L of oestrogen.
5.2.Outline the possible consequences of oestrogen exposure on X. laevis.

  What is adaptive radi .vu;zu:2g03bn h; ilfi:bhxl ation?

  Which statement best illustra05h9ren d8nukk)pg:w + y7 zxgtes the process of evolution?

  Two species of smartweed (gejtos oawgz)c d, 2u.s,au, ;ke2z8 v*wnus Persicaria) hybridise and form a new species. If both of the parent species have two copies of each chromosome, how many copies of each chromosome is a daughteoo,wduk2tju*,.;2)e8 as wvgscz , za r species most likely to have?

1.Compare and contrast natural sele //un5vrhltv:ction and selective breeding.

2.Using a named example, outline convergent evolution.

3.Using named examples, discuss the evidence which supports the theory of evolution.

1.Outline how polyploidy results in reproductive isolatizk8 a6 a7+o)obm pdf7eon.

2.Discuss the evidence for the theories of gradualism and punctuated equilibrium.

3.Explain the reasons for changes in allele frequency in different populations.

  Which is most likely a correct de/(e /lnp zm5clu9 3cmgscription of a given speciation event?

  The diagram below shows the feeding areas of four species of warbqnz84hq ;3x;ax*tn p4te4u( yymjc 8aler (genus Setophaga). What is the b8uc3h m ;tqynn; pa44tx xeqz84jy*a( est explanation for how these warblers came to coexist in such close proximity?

1.Adaptive radiation results in a singlqtwp9b4vh34oj)n ciy:vq6 l1okwb7l ltk5*)e ancestral species evolving into multiple, closely related new species which may live in close proximity to each other. Outline 3 mechlhovb 7p ibt4qkl ylwo 6j4k)q3 1cw:5)9nv*t anisms by which closely related species living in close proximity may be reproductively isolated.

2.Outline the process by which two species may be formed from an ancestral population through the process of allopatric speciation.

3.Describe how sexual and asexual reproduction can lead to the formation of new species with different numbers of copies of each chromosome.