The diagram shows the haploid number of chromosomes in a gamete. What qan(s47i* ia) zzgu (gfrw,6pcould be the polyploid number of chromosomes for this organism?()gp,zw azs uqgfriin64 (7*a

  The overall structure of the fin of a whale, in terms of bones ands..hbw: si s,q muscles, is similar hw: bsqi, s.s.to the overall structure of the limb of horses. What are these structures referred to as?

  Which of the following is the strongest evidence suppoxnu:oay+,fiv) y,r u*rting the hypothesis that two populations are two different specivuryu:+*xia,f )n ,yoes?

The male firefly (P. pyralis) signals to potential female mates by flash1 +em9a4)fak9hiotyv 0fbj r8 ing its lights in specific patterns. Ft +e)i09omf f48r vb khj91aayemales will only respond to light patterns produced by their own species.

1.Identify the form of reproductive isolation that fireflies exhibit. Justify your answer.

2.Suggest one possible advantage of this mating ritual.

3.All fireflies seen today have diverged from the same ancestral species. Explain how speciation is responsible for the large variety of firefly species.

  What can result in speciation among organisms living in th0d0tq(* vjdggz(oryo.*yx )/otoe,q e same location?

  Which describes the similarities and differences betu)cbuk lphky l(s;)43ween isolating mechanisms in sympatrluc;(4pks3) ) uybkh lic and allopatric speciation?

  Which of the following are often barriers to hybridisation between species?s a78l6qfoj)jcr 91bd
I. A given animal hybrid species has an even, as opposed to an odd number of chromosomes.
II. Two species of flowering plants produce gametes at different times of the year.
III. Behavioural barriers exist due to variations in bird song between species.

  Which is a key difference between homologous and analffa07yr je se g,/t) zw5/bx8logous structures?

  The table shows factors thavox5dbo kt mamm-+zy/0t . *;mt can result in speciation. Which word is matched to the co ; - bzmvmdto0kt/m5ay+m.x *orrect definition?

  Shown in diagrams A and B areo8t,0fpfg rng7i/v r/ two pairs of similar structures.

Which of the following statements correctly explain the structural similarities shown in diagrams A and B?
I. Structural similarities in diagram A are primarily due to random mutations, not common ancestry.
II. Structural similarities in diagram B are due to the fact that they both perform similar functions.
III. Diagram A depicts analogous structures, and diagram B depicts homologous structures.

  What sequence of events usually ok2t) l7ze vjy-ccur during the process of speciation?

  Triticum monococcum is an einkorn.bz 0klmrc:fq8a0) w t wheat and was the first domesticated crop. It has a diploid number of 14 chromoso 00mklwa t qf).cz:8rbmes. Triticum turgidum is a durum wheat with a total of 28 chromosomes. It is a result of the hybridization of Triticum monococcum and another grass Aegilops speltoides which also has a diploid number of 14. What is the correct term for Triticum turgidum in comparison to Triticum monococcum?

  It is thought that the congo river divided a population of the commou*jl7zxcf)6c13/ f d cemw/)h8lt 5 vzidy-mfn ancestor of bonobos (Pan paniscus) and chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes), resulting in geographic isolation*fumh3) 7z lvdm) e6wd- cf1lj/iyctc5 xf/z8 . Which correctly pairs theoretical selection pressures and consequent adaptations of the two populations?

  Which of the following provides eviden z57iz.acrne2b9l5 twfpoqel2 s8 .2sce for evolution through selective breeding?b2zo5.el7 w.siq2 srn9ztfpl2 8c5ae
I. Phenotypic variation in the domesticated dog (Canis familiaris) has increased significantly as a result of humans selecting desirable traits.
II. Crop yield in domesticated crop plants is significantly greater than their wild relatives.
III. Homo sapiens in many parts of the world have alleles that provide resistance to diseases endemic to their region.

  The base sequence between two species was found to be 78% the same, while tho1 x18nyvpu8t e order of amino acids found in the same cell types 8oy8u vp 1nxt1between two species was 82% the same. What may be the reason for this?

  When a horse, which has 64 chromosomes, and a donkey, which has a 4c0vh qz+t,l wl67wa,pdg-a62 chromosomes reproduce, a mule offspring is produced. Which are correct descriptions of mul,a7pv w0,6ghaqad+-w4c ll tzes?

I. Mules frequently produce offspring with other mules.
II. Cells in mules cannot undergo meiosis but can undergo mitosis.
III. Mule gametes have 63 chromosomes.

A study has been conducted on the effect o li ir9aj)1i jw)5mh1g0v6evrf hormonal contraception pollution on the mating calls of the adult male African clawed frog (Xenopus laevis). The spectrogram shows the frequency and volume of clicks (mating call) of control X.laevis and those exposed to oestrogen. jgr v5ie lh1r0ia1 vjw) m6)i9


1.Distinguish between the clicks in the spectrogram between the control X. laevis and the X. laevis treated with oestrogen in 1 second.

The graph shows the average duration of the X. laevis mating calls when exposed to the hormone oestrogen.


2.Describe the effect of oestrogen on the duration of the mating call.

3.Explain why it is important to have the X.laevis control group.

4.Identify the independent variable in this study.

5.1.Predict the reproductive success of X.laevis exposed to 29.6 ng/L of oestrogen.
5.2.Outline the possible consequences of oestrogen exposure on X. laevis.

  What is adaptive radk8xctd fxx1f 0j6m 4a)iation?

  Which statement best illustrat*fmggid)x + +zes the process of evolution?

  Two species of smartweed (genus Persicaria) hybridise and form a new hei rvlvi7cbfe6mvwps56v36- f.m i;k .-*tcspecies. If both .lfi-rvc*cm3 5t7eks vi-ve 6;6b6v.wh pf m iof the parent species have two copies of each chromosome, how many copies of each chromosome is a daughter species most likely to have?

1.Compare and contrast natural sel1l8yyta;5,ab9 1v hmu7snewaection and selective breeding.

2.Using a named example, outline convergent evolution.

3.Using named examples, discuss the evidence which supports the theory of evolution.

1.Outline how polyploidy resultsjzhw0ss u d(6re:5oc3 in reproductive isolation.

2.Discuss the evidence for the theories of gradualism and punctuated equilibrium.

3.Explain the reasons for changes in allele frequency in different populations.

  Which is most likely a correct description of a given speciation e evse: h/d+i;fvent?

  The diagram below shows the feeding areas of four species (evyan;/h*k1 xzvn/dz2/xk pof warbler (genus Setophaga). What is the best explanation for how these warblersz/vha exndky /;vx2n*( 1zpk/ came to coexist in such close proximity?

1.Adaptive radiation results in a single ancestral species evolviql cg i/xq9s58ng into multiple, closely related new species which may live in close proximity to each other. Outline 3 mechanisms by which closely related species living in qsxl8c/g 59iq close proximity may be reproductively isolated.

2.Outline the process by which two species may be formed from an ancestral population through the process of allopatric speciation.

3.Describe how sexual and asexual reproduction can lead to the formation of new species with different numbers of copies of each chromosome.