The diagram shows the haploid number of chromosomes in a gamete. adqx,j/rdm* 0gi.blj,,g) (h j u cb0oWhat could be the polyploid number of chromosomes for this orbh /x g,*jb g(q).ru lc om,d,jjda00iganism?

  The overall structure o)lc xq c1:-diyf the fin of a whale, in terms of bones and muscles, is similar to the overall struct1x)c-q ylc:d iure of the limb of horses. What are these structures referred to as?

  Which of the following is the strongest evidh x6j;rd9 1aygence supporting the hypothesis that two populations are two different speciey9dhg;a61 rjx s?

The male firefly (P. pyralis) signals to potential female mates 6b jr l(kegk0)by flashing its lights in spec(eglr0 bk)6k jific patterns. Females will only respond to light patterns produced by their own species.

1.Identify the form of reproductive isolation that fireflies exhibit. Justify your answer.

2.Suggest one possible advantage of this mating ritual.

3.All fireflies seen today have diverged from the same ancestral species. Explain how speciation is responsible for the large variety of firefly species.

  What can result in speciation among organisms living in t7efi ju46gm/l f:u w8vt.7xdfv5cr .ihe same location?

  Which describes the similarities and diff1- cs7*tzs z:h0big 4nqqm3z ferences between isolating mechanisms in sympatric and allopatsq-zti c3 b7hs nzgq:4f1m*0zric speciation?

  Which of the following are often barriers to hybridisslmi,l e/ 5hdg9scq53ation between species?
I. A given animal hybrid species has an even, as opposed to an odd number of chromosomes.
II. Two species of flowering plants produce gametes at different times of the year.
III. Behavioural barriers exist due to variations in bird song between species.

  Which is a key difference between homologous and analogou.ce2 of -jn,xos structures?

  The table shows factors that can ,/j udu.epsy)bgp87 t result in speciation. Which word is matched to the jetb., ug u8sd 7py/p)correct definition?

  Shown in diagrams A and B a vbcddbb 5m*)c 0:lg-hcr2e r4re two pairs of similar structures.

Which of the following statements correctly explain the structural similarities shown in diagrams A and B?
I. Structural similarities in diagram A are primarily due to random mutations, not common ancestry.
II. Structural similarities in diagram B are due to the fact that they both perform similar functions.
III. Diagram A depicts analogous structures, and diagram B depicts homologous structures.

  What sequence of events usually occur durinm*,3tvz mg(q(f g i5cdg the process of speciation?

  Triticum monococcum is an einkorn wheat and was the first domesticated crop- yk6 8 o(ks xp:6o0u,lxfo jwl1nzxr-. It has a diploid number of 14 chromosomes. Triticum turgidum is a durum wheat with a total of 28 chromosomes. It is a result of the hybridization of Triticum monococcum and another grask:uls(6 yj ,o-ook186xxpzrxf-0 lw ns Aegilops speltoides which also has a diploid number of 14. What is the correct term for Triticum turgidum in comparison to Triticum monococcum?

  It is thought that the congo river divided a population of the common ancvh;s/(,mqoq5si w a2yestor of bonobos (Pan 2swy oq(sm5avi,qh /; paniscus) and chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes), resulting in geographic isolation. Which correctly pairs theoretical selection pressures and consequent adaptations of the two populations?

  Which of the following provides evidence for evolutiunke p nq+337qnk 4m0eon through selective breeding? nnk +3qnk pee7 4qmu03
I. Phenotypic variation in the domesticated dog (Canis familiaris) has increased significantly as a result of humans selecting desirable traits.
II. Crop yield in domesticated crop plants is significantly greater than their wild relatives.
III. Homo sapiens in many parts of the world have alleles that provide resistance to diseases endemic to their region.

  The base sequence between two species was found to be 78% the same, while the or/ xq4k; 5rtksyder of amino acids found in the same cell types between two species was 82% the same. Wt ;yk4rsx/qk 5hat may be the reason for this?

  When a horse, which has 64 chromosomes, and a donkey, which has4weitm 4fd3ffwp xz2g6h +2 r5 62 chromosomes red62ff34 gimx+hztww2r fe 54pproduce, a mule offspring is produced. Which are correct descriptions of mules?

I. Mules frequently produce offspring with other mules.
II. Cells in mules cannot undergo meiosis but can undergo mitosis.
III. Mule gametes have 63 chromosomes.

A study has been conducted on theac9u(p6 i*ygdjl;ieq +zrd -k u ux687 effect of hormonal contraception pollution on the mati-caiui+ qdpy6kl8xug u(e7d; zj *6r9 ng calls of the adult male African clawed frog (Xenopus laevis). The spectrogram shows the frequency and volume of clicks (mating call) of control X.laevis and those exposed to oestrogen.


1.Distinguish between the clicks in the spectrogram between the control X. laevis and the X. laevis treated with oestrogen in 1 second.

The graph shows the average duration of the X. laevis mating calls when exposed to the hormone oestrogen.


2.Describe the effect of oestrogen on the duration of the mating call.

3.Explain why it is important to have the X.laevis control group.

4.Identify the independent variable in this study.

5.1.Predict the reproductive success of X.laevis exposed to 29.6 ng/L of oestrogen.
5.2.Outline the possible consequences of oestrogen exposure on X. laevis.

  What is adaptive radiationk/mfv/ phl 1b*?

  Which statement best illustrates the process of -2rulq nf;dchf-/- 8 oh0 (lfxodctdv 48/klfevolution?

  Two species of smartweed (genus Persicaria) hybridise and -rx87- e ) ltki3qxn:bw6mnk gform a new species. If both of the parent species have two copies olrbwnqn i-38:ex 6 )kxm 7tkg-f each chromosome, how many copies of each chromosome is a daughter species most likely to have?

1.Compare and contrast natural selection and selective vrg r-/m7:fnb breeding.

2.Using a named example, outline convergent evolution.

3.Using named examples, discuss the evidence which supports the theory of evolution.

1.Outline how polyploidy results in reproduc50czw hzs17s rtive isolation.

2.Discuss the evidence for the theories of gradualism and punctuated equilibrium.

3.Explain the reasons for changes in allele frequency in different populations.

  Which is most likely a correct des4o2k5r yge98 k0 szofocription of a given speciation event?

  The diagram below shows the feeding areas of6qr0 .gc/shu:uv d7k y four species of warbler (genus Setophaga). What is the best explanation for how these warblers came to coexist in such clos .:6y0uc7/r vguqdhske proximity?

1.Adaptive radiation results in a single ancestral species evolving into multih+801jhz l rlel( eya7ple, closely related new species which may live in close proximity to each other. Outline 3 mechanisms by which closely related species living in close proximity may be reproductively isolated. rez0 (haj8 elhly7+1 l

2.Outline the process by which two species may be formed from an ancestral population through the process of allopatric speciation.

3.Describe how sexual and asexual reproduction can lead to the formation of new species with different numbers of copies of each chromosome.