The diagram shows the haploid number of chromosomes in a p yw 3ac52qhl-gamete. What could be the polyploid numberw- 3q l5ha2ypc of chromosomes for this organism?

  The overall structure of the fin of a whale, in terms of bog )kn4zc4 gjf5bln*i ck53m2a nes and muscles, is similar to the overall structure of the limb of horses. What are these structures referred t j5cm4kil4nc 5k nb aggf2z*3)o as?

  Which of the following is the stm6tbg 6jrf. zk/+ kuep vb(1h:rongest evidence supporting the hypothesis that two populations are two different shb/+ku.p r: f1 tgvzjk(mb 6e6pecies?

The male firefly (P. pyralis) signals to potential female mate6.ms/pxg zm(2df + ejes by flashing its lights in specific patterns. Females will only respond to light patterns produced by their own species. (sg pez f/x.d62m+emj

1.Identify the form of reproductive isolation that fireflies exhibit. Justify your answer.

2.Suggest one possible advantage of this mating ritual.

3.All fireflies seen today have diverged from the same ancestral species. Explain how speciation is responsible for the large variety of firefly species.

  What can result in speciation f:iw, htn8z)gamong organisms living in the same location?

  Which describes the similarities and differen nwrg +41fy01pbeymz*xk* cu 9ces between isolating mechanisms in sympatric and allopatric gycn yer xz* 1k40pbf*mwu1+9 speciation?

  Which of the following are often barriers to f xzn/n77 jlkd6x .2lahybridisation between species?
I. A given animal hybrid species has an even, as opposed to an odd number of chromosomes.
II. Two species of flowering plants produce gametes at different times of the year.
III. Behavioural barriers exist due to variations in bird song between species.

  Which is a key difference between homologous and analogous stru6+l rhzhhuis jc- b ) ,j92uka50;qcukctures?

  The table shows factors that t/s8jw)aocmen(/ e5 jg/-tn ocan result in speciation. Which word is matched to the correct definit n wa j8/(se/)nte-o 5cogtmj/ion?

  Shown in diagrams A and B are two pairsyyx -h-c,id 6q of similar structures.

Which of the following statements correctly explain the structural similarities shown in diagrams A and B?
I. Structural similarities in diagram A are primarily due to random mutations, not common ancestry.
II. Structural similarities in diagram B are due to the fact that they both perform similar functions.
III. Diagram A depicts analogous structures, and diagram B depicts homologous structures.

  What sequence of events usually occur mj5yx . ljp/ujy*6u9zduring the process of speciation?

  Triticum monococcum heqw.; qb7zw-qx4s6 xis an einkorn wheat and was the first domesticated crop. It has a diploid number of 14 chromosomes. Triticum turgidum is a durum wheat with a total of 28 chromosomes. It is a result ofeb zxq 6 whw4.qx-q;s7 the hybridization of Triticum monococcum and another grass Aegilops speltoides which also has a diploid number of 14. What is the correct term for Triticum turgidum in comparison to Triticum monococcum?

  It is thought that the congo river divided tn 7l 7 7gcr9 yaig4x6jo9nbw8a population of the common ancestor of bonobos (Pan paniscus) and chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes), resulting in geographic isolation. Which correctly pairs theoretical selection pressures and consequent adaptations of 7n48ig 7ab97lxnco6r 9y jw gtthe two populations?

  Which of the following provides evidence for evolution through -yv+4+hwc0vjqt2l* 7vr-sloq licv4 selective breeding ywo lv--vh7+s4cr*t iqvvl 0jl c+q42?
I. Phenotypic variation in the domesticated dog (Canis familiaris) has increased significantly as a result of humans selecting desirable traits.
II. Crop yield in domesticated crop plants is significantly greater than their wild relatives.
III. Homo sapiens in many parts of the world have alleles that provide resistance to diseases endemic to their region.

  The base sequence between two species was found to be 78% the same, whil) vf)ths ,cq c 16:s t44oqki7dmt+kuqe the order of amino acids found in the same cell types between two species was 82% the sameuv1 q+h ,cmq osf)dttk4st)q64kc :7i. What may be the reason for this?

  When a horse, which has 64 chromosomes, nh*0d6tg yv 7dp9ziv 2and a donkey, which has 62 chromosomes reproduce, a mule offspring is produced. Which are correct descriptions of myp 0d7v vt6n2*dgzi 9hules?

I. Mules frequently produce offspring with other mules.
II. Cells in mules cannot undergo meiosis but can undergo mitosis.
III. Mule gametes have 63 chromosomes.

A study has been conwbzj5 l+su yst5p8;c h;ax.:i ducted on the effect of hormonal contraception pollution on the mating calls of the adult male African clawed frog (Xenopus laevis). The spectrogram shows the frequz sjw;paxs t8c55 ;+.b iyhul:ency and volume of clicks (mating call) of control X.laevis and those exposed to oestrogen.


1.Distinguish between the clicks in the spectrogram between the control X. laevis and the X. laevis treated with oestrogen in 1 second.

The graph shows the average duration of the X. laevis mating calls when exposed to the hormone oestrogen.


2.Describe the effect of oestrogen on the duration of the mating call.

3.Explain why it is important to have the X.laevis control group.

4.Identify the independent variable in this study.

5.1.Predict the reproductive success of X.laevis exposed to 29.6 ng/L of oestrogen.
5.2.Outline the possible consequences of oestrogen exposure on X. laevis.

  What is adaptive radin an1v9at-cuf s + jag,7r3rb-ation?

  Which statement best illustrates :azn,uwonfl bipf7w .)xkujw(u5 6 :.the process of evolution?

  Two species of smartweed (genus Persicaria) hybrcy):p8gz/gdvb 4+ m szidise and form a new species. If both of the parent species have two copies of zg bc4gd:)sv /8y+pmzeach chromosome, how many copies of each chromosome is a daughter species most likely to have?

1.Compare and contrastc,irtspft) y4p)w7 rlj3w b72 natural selection and selective breeding.

2.Using a named example, outline convergent evolution.

3.Using named examples, discuss the evidence which supports the theory of evolution.

1.Outline how polyploidy results in reproductive isolvpx: 8z 5sgho (f.at uep,9d4lation.

2.Discuss the evidence for the theories of gradualism and punctuated equilibrium.

3.Explain the reasons for changes in allele frequency in different populations.

  Which is most likely a correct description of a givenfyk swq: 5vyaj)7co13 speciation event?

  The diagram below shows the feeding areas of four species of warboe18 d26cmxgbler (genus Setophaga). What is the best explanation for how these warblers came to co68o bg1ed2cm xexist in such close proximity?

1.Adaptive radiation results in a single ancestral species evolving into multip+pk:5cbm0m: a nh *kifle, closely related new species which may live in close proximity to each other. Outline 3 mechanisms by which closely related m *nc:0mp5ihkak+fb: species living in close proximity may be reproductively isolated.

2.Outline the process by which two species may be formed from an ancestral population through the process of allopatric speciation.

3.Describe how sexual and asexual reproduction can lead to the formation of new species with different numbers of copies of each chromosome.