The diagram shows the haploid number of chromosomes in a gamete. What could rh/x/f s;/0krlwu0 1wofr6 h cbe the polyploid number of chromosomes for this organo wuc0x;hwlf k6/rsh /fr/r01ism?

  The overall structure of the fin of a whale, in terms of boninf-5- jrzn58d prka :es and muscles, is similar to the overall structni5d-nz: jf r 8k5-parure of the limb of horses. What are these structures referred to as?

  Which of the followini6lwm /0 q5vjxfmxy90lv ,dj* g is the strongest evidence supporting the hypothesis that two populationsqjm, m6 /0w5vxj*df 0y9l ivlx are two different species?

The male firefly (P. pyralis) signals to potential female mates by x-tdezgex*: 4flashing its lights in specific 4e: -*zdxtexgpatterns. Females will only respond to light patterns produced by their own species.

1.Identify the form of reproductive isolation that fireflies exhibit. Justify your answer.

2.Suggest one possible advantage of this mating ritual.

3.All fireflies seen today have diverged from the same ancestral species. Explain how speciation is responsible for the large variety of firefly species.

  What can result in speciation among 0a; -kqcv((s ajly ed5o az(1uorganisms living in the same location?

  Which describes the similarities and differences between isolating mechass9c y35cgc(lj;b u oqvf*z0kqw z2 ;)nisms in sympatric and allopatric speciationvso 0fc3zw*k9zc;cglq(2j) 5u s q;yb ?

  Which of the following are +rw 2e,8m2 1 ltwhyikfoften barriers to hybridisation between species?
I. A given animal hybrid species has an even, as opposed to an odd number of chromosomes.
II. Two species of flowering plants produce gametes at different times of the year.
III. Behavioural barriers exist due to variations in bird song between species.

  Which is a key difference berrick, /w(3 omtween homologous and analogous structures?

  The table shows factors that can result in speciation. Which w6sfi k+m3gwze:lii hg0y r5+)ord is matched to tmgiiy6:ef5g +l0ks3+)rw z h ihe correct definition?

  Shown in diagrams A and B p 1g b /xb+tt7fldm7k:are two pairs of similar structures.

Which of the following statements correctly explain the structural similarities shown in diagrams A and B?
I. Structural similarities in diagram A are primarily due to random mutations, not common ancestry.
II. Structural similarities in diagram B are due to the fact that they both perform similar functions.
III. Diagram A depicts analogous structures, and diagram B depicts homologous structures.

  What sequence of events usually occur dno52pw-l rl8xk/lnd ; uring the process of speciation?

  Triticum monococcum is an einkorn wheatdzn 6ym-l + - 1p7h9nqbt,oerg and was the first domesticated crop. It has amh-7 ngy,6 1dop ne9+zqrtb -l diploid number of 14 chromosomes. Triticum turgidum is a durum wheat with a total of 28 chromosomes. It is a result of the hybridization of Triticum monococcum and another grass Aegilops speltoides which also has a diploid number of 14. What is the correct term for Triticum turgidum in comparison to Triticum monococcum?

  It is thought that the congo river divided a population of the common-9fb n4cgchn35rgca 5 ancestor of bonobos (Pan paniscus) and chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes), resulting in geographic isolation. Which correctly pairs theoretical selection h3cr4b9fcnn-ga 5c 5g pressures and consequent adaptations of the two populations?

  Which of the following provides evidence for evolution through sesp mdsfm,p01v(ui qr0 cd).b6lective breedinb)6mmsc dfi s0p0d(qv .u1p,rg?
I. Phenotypic variation in the domesticated dog (Canis familiaris) has increased significantly as a result of humans selecting desirable traits.
II. Crop yield in domesticated crop plants is significantly greater than their wild relatives.
III. Homo sapiens in many parts of the world have alleles that provide resistance to diseases endemic to their region.

  The base sequence between two species was found to be 78% the same, while63 ftr:iwa -gv the order of amino acids found in the same cell types between two species was 82% the same. What may be the reason foraf:6 3wg-v rti this?

  When a horse, which has 64 chromosomes, and a donkey, which hac-q ebtn*o(oric g m rw(ir50kn; w;43s 62 chromosomes reproduce, a mule offspring is produced. Wh eor-gt i * o54nrkb 3i(c;w;0wcnqmr(ich are correct descriptions of mules?

I. Mules frequently produce offspring with other mules.
II. Cells in mules cannot undergo meiosis but can undergo mitosis.
III. Mule gametes have 63 chromosomes.

A study has been conducted onr8 e d2jf atv//ces/8m the effect of hormonal contraception pollution on the mating calls of the adult male African clawed frog (Xenopus laevis). The spma28 cvfe8j//des /r tectrogram shows the frequency and volume of clicks (mating call) of control X.laevis and those exposed to oestrogen.


1.Distinguish between the clicks in the spectrogram between the control X. laevis and the X. laevis treated with oestrogen in 1 second.

The graph shows the average duration of the X. laevis mating calls when exposed to the hormone oestrogen.


2.Describe the effect of oestrogen on the duration of the mating call.

3.Explain why it is important to have the X.laevis control group.

4.Identify the independent variable in this study.

5.1.Predict the reproductive success of X.laevis exposed to 29.6 ng/L of oestrogen.
5.2.Outline the possible consequences of oestrogen exposure on X. laevis.

  What is adaptive radiatict*p-6x sf:,ynegyd /5v .tyk4 h ju/son?

  Which statement best illustrates the process of evolution8 7wmtp26 l3z no+qo5mn2plur?

  Two species of smartweed (genus Persicaria) hybridise and form a new species. If7n1uqsqz n8 a9 both of the parent species have two copies of each chromosome, how many copies of eaq8s z na9qnu17ch chromosome is a daughter species most likely to have?

1.Compare and contrast natural selection and selective breedinovb j;6e7b vz32t5 brng.

2.Using a named example, outline convergent evolution.

3.Using named examples, discuss the evidence which supports the theory of evolution.

1.Outline how polyploidy results in reproductive isolatiom:osem tj2dvn: /2 o(gn.

2.Discuss the evidence for the theories of gradualism and punctuated equilibrium.

3.Explain the reasons for changes in allele frequency in different populations.

  Which is most likely a correc)pdit1k3bj7jzpkuvo i 97o 4-gtpe 628n5 rmb t description of a given speciation event?

  The diagram below shows the feeditw1-*1w. :s v5sza rwig7a tbbng areas of four species of warbler (genus Setophaga). What is the best explanationwb5tvra w7-tb1s.z1wi:s ag * for how these warblers came to coexist in such close proximity?

1.Adaptive radiation results in a single ancestral species ev y78vbj7zdwb vxd ,3t8olving into multiple, closely related new species which may live in clov,3jydbb788d7tvxw zse proximity to each other. Outline 3 mechanisms by which closely related species living in close proximity may be reproductively isolated.

2.Outline the process by which two species may be formed from an ancestral population through the process of allopatric speciation.

3.Describe how sexual and asexual reproduction can lead to the formation of new species with different numbers of copies of each chromosome.